Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers evaluated ELF-EMS at 13.5 mT/60 Hz in a rodent model of global transient stroke, measuring neurological outcome, behavior, neuronal survival, and glial reactivity. ELF-EMS improved neurological scores and behavior in the ischemia-reperfusion model. The treatment also improved neuronal survival and decreased glial reactivity in the hippocampus, with microglia showing the first signs of treatment effect. In vitro, ELF-EMS decreased LPS and ATP-induced microglia migration in scratch and transwell assays. In hippocampal brain slices, ELF-EMS reduced microglial reactivity, improved neuronal survival, and modulated inflammation-related markers.
Guo et al. · 2023
Researchers exposed zebrafish embryos at 3 hours post-fertilization to a 50-Hz magnetic field at intensities of 100, 200, 400, and 800 μT for 1 hour or 24 hours daily over 5 days. Magnetic field exposure did not affect basic development parameters including hatching rate, mortality, and malformation rate. Exposure to 200 μT magnetic field significantly induced spontaneous movement hypoactivity in zebrafish larvae. Histological examination revealed brain morphological abnormalities including condensed cell nucleus and cytoplasm and increased intercellular space. Exposure to 200 μT magnetic field inhibited syn2a transcription and expression and increased reactive oxygen species levels.
Guo et al. · 2023
Researchers exposed developing zebrafish to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) and found that exposure reduced the fish's spontaneous movement behavior. The magnetic fields increased harmful reactive oxygen species and decreased production of syn2a, a protein crucial for nerve function and movement.
Unknown authors · 2023
Exposed MDA-MB-231 cells had higher viability, more live cells, and longer, denser filopodia than unexposed cells. ELF-MF also raised mitochondrial ROS levels and altered mitochondrial morphology in these cells. Proteomic analysis found 328 proteins changed in MDA-MB-231 cells and 242 in MCF-10A cells, with enrichment in focal adhesion and mitochondrion pathways. The exposure reduced adhesion and increased migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, while transcription factors linked to cellular reprogramming were upregulated in MDA-MB-231 and downregulated in MCF-10A.
Unknown authors · 2023
Unknown authors · 2023
Franczak A et al. · 2023
Researchers exposed HeLa, ES-2, and DU-145 cancer cells to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 1.3 mT for 15 and 30 minutes. The exposure increased reactive oxygen species levels in the cells. ES-2 cells showed upregulation of XRCC5 and higher levels of TNF-α, RAD51, APE1, XRCC1, and NSUN2, while DU-145 cells had reduced BCL-2, HSP90, RAD51, and TNF-α and increased VIM and METTL3.
Unknown authors · 2023
The study used sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into six groups with different ELF-EMF exposure durations. Sperm count and motility were significantly lower in rats exposed for 1 hour per day for 52 days, 4 hours per day for 52 days, and 4 hours per day for 5 days compared with sham-exposed rats. Serum testosterone decreased significantly in rats exposed for 4 hours per day for 5 days. The volume of seminiferous tubules, their epithelium, and interstitial tissue decreased significantly after 4 hours per day for 5 days of exposure. Tubule length was reduced by 18% in the same exposure group.
Wydorski PJ et al. · 2023
Researchers collected porcine endometrial slices during the peri-implantation period and exposed them to 50 Hz ELF-EMF for 2 hours in vitro. They measured DNA methylation in the promoter regions of EGR2, HSD17B2, ID2, IL1RAP, MRAP2, NOS3, PTGER4, SERPINE1, VDR and ZFP57 using qMS-PCR. Exposure increased methylation of EGR2, ID2, and PTGER4, decreased methylation of IL1RAP and NOS3, and did not change methylation of HSD17B2, MRAP2, SERPINE1, VDR, and ZFP57.
Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers exposed adult male Wistar rats to 50 Hz extremely low-frequency magnetic fields at 1, 1.5, and 2 mT for 4 hours per day, 5 days per week for 30 days. The study found that different exposure levels caused increases in calcium levels and apoptosis in the rat brain. As the magnetic field strength increased, apoptosis and calcium levels in brain tissues also increased. The researchers concluded that the exposure caused neurodegeneration, increased apoptosis, and increased calcium concentration.
Unknown authors · 2023
Eighty rats were divided into four exposure groups and a control group, and the treatment groups were exposed to 50-Hz magnetic fields at 1, 100, 500, and 2000 μT for 2 hours daily over 60 days. All rats were immunized with human serum albumin on days 31, 44, and 58. AID expression significantly decreased at 1 μT, Bcl-6 expression did not change, and serum IL-6 increased only in the 500 μT group after immunization.
Unknown authors · 2022
Researchers investigated the effects of 50 and 60 Hz magnetic fields on ROS production, DNA damage, DNA repair, and gene expression in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Cells were exposed to 100 µTRMS magnetic fields for 24 hours, then assayed or treated with menadione before assay. There was suggestive evidence of a low-magnitude increase in ROS-related gene expression immediately after exposure, and 50 Hz fields reduced menadione-induced ROS levels. Magnetic field exposures did not affect cytosolic superoxide levels, DNA damage, or DNA repair rates. No firm evidence was found for differential effects between 50 and 60 Hz fields.
Unknown authors · 2022
Researchers assessed short-term behavioural responses of 15 juvenile thornback rays to direct and alternating 50 Hz uniform 450-μT magnetic fields using a 1-hour focal-sampling design. Magnetic fields were controlled in laboratory conditions with a custom-made Helmholtz coil device. Behavioural responses did not significantly differ between control and exposed rays during the morning period. Rays exposed to direct current magnetic fields increased their activity during the midday period. Alternating current exposure produced synchronisation patterns with high inter-individual variance.
Touitou Y, Selmaoui B, Lambrozo J · 2022
Researchers investigated the effects of ELF-EMFs on cortisol secretion in 14 men working in extra-high voltage substations. Magnetic field exposure was measured over seven days with geometric means ranging from 0.1 to 2.6 μT. Blood samples were taken hourly from 20:00 to 08:00 the next morning. Compared to unexposed controls, higher field intensity had a significant effect on cortisol secretory pattern. This study strongly suggests that chronic exposure to ELF-EMFs alters peak-time serum cortisol levels.
Unknown authors · 2022
The study used a 500 μT, 50 Hz extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field generated by a Meritt Coil System. Malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were measured, showing increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant response after exposure. Raman spectroscopy of brain tissue revealed a shift in amide III vibration peaks, structural changes in lipid CH2 vibrations in both hemispheres, and an increased number of amide III bonds in the cerebellum and left-brain tissue. Liver tissue from the exposed group showed higher Raman intensities and structural lipid changes. Principal component analysis distinguished the ELF-MF and control groups, and hierarchical component analysis showed tissues from each group clustered with their own group.
Piszczek P et al. · 2022
Unknown authors · 2022
Researchers exposed purified BMSCs to sinusoidal or square waveform electromagnetic fields at 400 µT and 75 Hz for either 1 hour per week or 7 hours per day, then injected them into the left substantia nigra of Parkinsonian rats. Cell morphology analysis showed that sinusoidal EMF exposure caused most BMSCs to differentiate into neurons, including large and small neurons with apparent synapses. Square EMF exposure produced mainly astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, while both BMSCs alone and sinusoidal EMF-exposed BMSCs improved locomotor activity in the rats.
Unknown authors · 2022
The study aimed to examine the 96-hour effects of ELF-EMF on HERV-H, K, and W expression in human melanoma cells. SK-MEL-37 cells were continuously exposed to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and intensities of 1.5 and 3 mT for 96 hours, and HERV expression was measured by qPCR after mRNA extraction. Exposure to ELF-EMF for 96 hours significantly downregulated HERV-H, K, and W env gene expression (P<0.001). The researchers suggested that low intensity and long-term exposure to ELF-EMF may pave using this type of radiation as a novel therapeutic approach by neutralizing the HERVs upregulated expression in melanoma cells.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers isolated spermatogonial stem cells and Sertoli cells from neonate mouse testes. The stem cells were exposed to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields at 2.5 mT for one hour daily over five days and then treated with exosomes from pre-pubertal Sertoli cells. Electromagnetic field exposure increased reactive oxygen species, reduced catalase expression, cell viability, and colonization, and increased apoptosis and Caspase-3 expression while decreasing GFRα1 expression. Sertoli-derived exosomes significantly improved these adverse effects by regulating oxidative stress.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed mouse sperm stem cells to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (like power lines) and found it caused oxidative damage and cell death. However, protective molecules called exosomes from neighboring Sertoli cells could reverse this damage. The study suggests EMF exposure harms male reproductive cells, but natural protective mechanisms exist.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers screened 22 ELF-PEMFs and identified two fields, A and B, with similar fundamental frequencies but different pulse patterns that diversely affected macrophage function. Macrophages exposed to field A showed pro-inflammatory markers such as increased phospho-Stat1, CD86, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Macrophages exposed to field B showed anti-inflammatory and pro-healing markers including increased Arginase I, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. Conditioned medium from field B-exposed macrophages enhanced stem cell migration more strongly than field A and stimulated extracellular matrix gene expression in stem cells.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed T98 and A172 glioblastoma cells to 50 Hz, 70 G electromagnetic fields combined with temozolomide. The combination enhanced cell death and decreased migration potential in both cell lines. The treatment also increased p53 gene expression, decreased cyclin-D1 protein, and led to MGMT protein expression in T98 cells but not in A172 cells.
Mustafa E, Luukkonen J, Makkonen J, Naarala J · 2021
The researchers investigated the effects of 50 Hz extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on circadian gene expression, DNA damage signaling, and DNA repair after bleomycin treatment. Murine FDC-P1 hematopoietic cells were exposed to 200 μT magnetic fields for 15 minutes, 2 hours, 12 hours, or 24 hours. Immediate DNA damage was measured with a comet assay and circadian rhythm gene expression with real-time PCR. Circadian rhythm-related genes were upregulated after 12 hours and downregulated after 24 hours of exposure, but core circadian genes were not affected. The repair rate for bleomycin-induced DNA damage decreased only after 24 hours of magnetic field exposure.
Unknown authors · 2021
Unknown authors · 2021
Both ELF-EMFs and microampere currents significantly reduced long-term potentiation. The effect of 0.1 μA current was similar to 100 Hz/2 mT ELF-EMFs, while 0.2 μA current had a stronger effect than 200 Hz/2 mT ELF-EMFs on high-frequency stimulation LTP.
