Unknown authors · 2020
The study investigated molecular events associated with the synergistic activity of PEMFs and BMP2 on osteogenic differentiation. Human MSCs were exposed to PEMFs at 75 Hz and 1.5 mT in combination with BMP2 at the minimal dose able to induce differentiation. Researchers analyzed changes in BMP signaling pathway gene expression and phosphorylation of downstream proteins including SMAD1/5/8 and MAPK. Results showed synergistic activity on osteogenic differentiation transcription factors and markers, with increased BMP2, BMP6, and BMP type I receptor gene expression and activation of SMAD1/5/8 and p38 MAPK.
Unknown authors · 2020
Ashta A , Motalleb G , Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M · 2020
Researchers investigated the effects of a 10 Hz, 50 G frequency magnetic field, a 50 G static magnetic field, and 200 μm temozolomide on viability, free radical production, and p53 expression in human A172 glioblastoma cells. The combination of temozolomide with both magnetic fields increased cytotoxicity, free radical production, and p53 gene and protein expression.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers aimed to demonstrate the effect of ELF-EMF on selected chemical components of honeybees using FTIR spectroscopy. Honeybees were exposed to 50 Hz EMF at 1.6 mT for durations of 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. FTIR analysis revealed that exposure longer than 2 hours induced changes in the structure of chemical compounds, especially in regions corresponding to DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and protein vibrations, compared to unexposed controls.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers investigated chromosome response in human neuronal-like cells and plant roots (Allium sativum and Vicia faba) exposed to static and 50 Hz magnetic fields at intensities from 1 mT to 0.8 T. FTIR spectroscopy showed a significant decrease in phosphate band intensity in DNA after exposure of neuronal-like cells to 1 mT static and 50 Hz fields, suggesting chromatin uncoiling and unpackaging. Microscopy directly observed this effect in Allium sativum and Vicia faba roots exposed to a 0.8 T static magnetic field.
Burgos-Molina AM et al. · 2020
Researchers studied the repair of DNA double strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under magnetic field exposure. They induced pairs of DSB using HO endonuclease by plating cells on galactose-containing media. The repair processes occurred during 21 days of exposure to a 50Hz, 2.45mT sinusoidal magnetic field generated by Helmholtz coils. Magnetic field exposure increased colony formation 1.29-fold for Pho91 and 1.5-fold for Rmd5 at day 21 compared to untreated controls. DNA repair kinetics showed a 55.56-fold increase at day 15 for Rmd5 versus a 1.18-fold increase for Pho91.
Jakubowska M, Urban-Malinga B, Otremba Z, Andrulewicz E · 2019
Researchers exposed the polychaete Hediste diversicolor to a 50 Hz, 1 mT electromagnetic field typical of submarine cable environments. The worms showed no avoidance or attraction, but their burrowing activity increased, indicating a stimulating effect on bioturbation. Food consumption and respiration rates were unchanged, while ammonia excretion was significantly lower than in control animals kept in the geomagnetic field.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed rainbow trout for 40 days and ragworm and Baltic clam for 12 days to a 50 Hz 1 mT electromagnetic field. They measured nuclear abnormalities in trout blood erythrocytes, ragworm coelomocytes, and clam gill cells. Exposure significantly increased micronuclei in trout and ragworm, nuclear buds on filament cells and blebbed nuclei only in clam, and nuclear buds in all species. The frequency of 8-shaped nuclei rose in trout and clam, apoptotic and binucleated cells rose only in clam, and ragworm showed no significant cytotoxic change.
Esmailzadeh S et al. · 2019
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 462 women with infertility and 471 controls between 2014 and 2016. Distance from high voltage power lines (240–400 kV) to each residence was measured using GIS and Google Earth. Women living within 500 meters had an odds ratio of 4.14 (95% CI 2.61 to 6.57) for infertility compared with those living beyond 1000 meters, and the adjusted odds ratio was 4.44 (95% CI 2.77 to 7.11).
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers measured occupational ELF-MF exposure in a power plant using the NIOSH manual. The median magnetic field at working sites was 0.85 µT. They assessed DNA single-strand breaks in 29 male utility workers and 28 male support personnel using the comet assay. Exposed workers showed significantly increased olive length, tail moment, and tail DNA percent. Induction of DNA damage was observed for the exposed workers compared with the controls.
Ozdemir E, Demirkazik A, Taskıran AS, Arslan G · 2019
This study investigated the role of serotonin receptors in electromagnetic field (EMF)-induced analgesia in rats exposed to 50 Hz, 5 mT alternating EMF for 15 days. The researchers found that activating 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 serotonin receptors enhanced EMF-induced pain relief, while blocking these receptors reduced it, suggesting these receptors are involved in the analgesic mechanism of EMF exposure.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed 80 adult male rats to ELF-EMFs at 1, 100, 500, and 2000 µT, 50 Hz, 2 hours daily for up to 60 days and immunized them on days 31, 44, and 58. Gene expression of c-Maf, STAT6, and RORα in the thymus did not change significantly at any flux density. In the spleen, RORα and c-Maf expression was significantly downregulated at 1 and 100 µT, while STAT6 expression decreased significantly only at 100 µT. The authors concluded that low magnetic flux densities of ELF-EMFs may reduce expression of these genes in the spleen.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed primary cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells to 50 Hz extremely low frequency-pulsed electromagnetic fields for three days. They measured cell proliferation and apoptosis using ELISA and assessed gene expression of proangiogenic factors using RT-PCR. The exposure did not change cell proliferation or cell death, but it significantly increased the transcript levels of several proangiogenic genes including HIF-1α, VEGFA, VEGFR-2, CTGF, cathepsin D, TIMP-1, E2F3, MMP-2, and MMP-9.
Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Cheing GL, Pan W. · 2019
Researchers allocated forty Sprague-Dawley rats to four groups, including an STZ-induced dementia group exposed to pulsed EMF at 10 mT and 20 Hz. The Morris water maze was used to assess learning and memory abilities, and IGF-1 and IGF-2 gene expression were measured by quantitative PCR. Mean escape latency was reduced by 66%, swimming distance decreased by 55%, and time for first crossing the platform decreased by 41.6% in the pulsed EMF group compared with the STZ group. IGF-2 gene expression significantly increased in the pulsed EMF group compared with the STZ group.
Unknown authors · 2019
The study aimed to examine microtubule polymerization and structural behavior in brain and sperm of rats exposed to a 50 Hz extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. Twenties adult male rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups, and semen and brain samples were split into four groups for microtubule polymerization analysis. There were no significant differences in testosterone, corticosterone, anxiety behavior, or sperm morphology between groups, but sperm viability, total motility, and progressive motility were significantly higher after exposure. Microtubule polymerization in sperm was significantly higher in the exposed group, and the secondary and tertiary structures of tubulin were significantly affected in both brain and sperm.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) and found unexpected improvements in sperm function and changes to cellular structures called microtubules in both brain and sperm cells. The study suggests that power line frequency EMF can alter the basic building blocks of cells in ways that might affect memory formation and reproductive function.
Lundberg L, Sienkiewicz Z, Anthony DC, Broom KA. · 2019
Researchers exposed male C57BL/6J mice for 30 min to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 580 μT, blue LED light at 700 lux, both, or neither, to test whether power frequency magnetic fields can influence circadian rhythm control. The magnetic fields did not modulate the response to light and had no significant effect on adrenal markers on their own, though they were associated with a decrease in locomotor activity (P < 0.03). Gene expression of cry1 and cry2 in the adrenals, liver, and hippocampus was not affected by any of the exposures (P > 0.05).
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a sinusoidal magnetic field (2.45 mT, 50 Hz, continuous) and a pulsed magnetic field (1.5 mT, 25 Hz, 8 h/day). Chronological aging was evaluated during 40 days. Survival was assayed by clonogenic assay and drop test, and cellular stability was studied by spontaneous mutation count and the index of respiratory competence. Pulsed magnetic field exposure accelerated chronological aging and decreased the spontaneous frequency of mitochondrial mutation, but did not alter the index of respiratory competence for either field type.
Zheng Y, Ma XX, Dong L, Gao Y, Tian L. · 2019
Researchers applied single- and hybrid-frequency magnetic fields with an intensity of 1 mT to rat hippocampal slices in vitro to study effects on long-term potentiation (LTP) in synaptic plasticity. The amplitude of fEPSPs decreased significantly under both single- and hybrid-frequency magnetic stimulation. The 15-Hz single-frequency stimulation showed the most significant regulatory effect, but mixing it with higher frequencies significantly weakened that effect. The regulating effect among four different hybrid-frequency ELF-EMF stimulations on LTP showed no significant differences.
Ozdemir E, Demirkazik A, Taskıran AS, Arslan G. · 2019
Researchers exposed 66 adult male Wistar albino rats to alternating 50 Hz and 5 mT EMF for 2 hours a day for 15 days, then injected serotonin receptor agonists or antagonists before analgesia tests. Administration of serotonin HCl to MF-exposed rats produced a significant increase in percent maximal possible effect compared with the EMF group. Injection of WAY 100635 to MF-exposed rats produced a significant decrease in analgesic activity, while DOI hydrochloride significantly increased % MPE values compared with the EMF group. The researchers suggested that serotonin 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors play an important role in EMF-induced analgesia, but noted that further research studies are necessary to understand the mechanism.
Wang CX et al. · 2019
Shepherd S et al · 2018
Researchers tested how acute exposure to 50 Hz ELF EMFs at levels ranging from 20–100 µT, found at ground level below powerline conductors, to 1000–7000 µT, found within 1 m of the conductors, affects honey bee olfactory learning, flight, foraging activity and feeding. Exposure reduced learning, altered flight dynamics, and reduced the success of foraging flights towards food sources.
Shepherd S et al · 2018
Researchers exposed honey bees to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields from power lines at various intensities, from ground-level exposure (20-100 µT) to close-proximity levels (1000-7000 µT). The bees showed impaired learning abilities, altered flight patterns, reduced foraging success, and feeding difficulties. This suggests power line EMFs may significantly stress honey bee populations and potentially impact their crucial pollination activities.
Juutilainen J et al et al. · 2018
Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields have been classified as possibly carcinogenic based on epidemiological findings suggesting a link between childhood leukaemia and 50–60 Hz magnetic fields from power lines. Animal and in vitro experiments have provided only limited support for carcinogenic effects of ELF magnetic fields. The review discusses the radical pair mechanism as a possible biophysical mechanism and proposes a hypothesis for the link between ELF fields and childhood leukaemia.
Juutilainen J et al et al. · 2018
Scientists reviewed how extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields from power lines might cause childhood leukemia through a biological mechanism called the radical pair mechanism. This mechanism, which helps birds navigate using Earth's magnetic field, could potentially explain how weak magnetic fields influence cancer-related processes in humans. The research proposes that cryptochromes (light-sensitive proteins) might be the key molecules linking magnetic field exposure to cancer development.
