Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers continuously exposed chicken embryos to Wi-Fi radiation at 2.4 GHz and 300 µW/m² for 9 and 14 embryonic days. Standard haematoxylin and eosin staining showed no notable differences in large blood vessel structure between exposed and control groups. Special staining methods revealed an adverse effect of Wi-Fi on the fibrous elements of the vessel wall. Elastic fiber optical density decreased significantly at both 9 and 14 embryonic days, while collagen fiber optical density increased at day 9 and decreased at day 14.
Levitt et al · 2025
Er H, Basaranlar G., Derin N., Kantar D, Ozen S. · 2025
Researchers exposed adult rats to 2100 MHz RFR for 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, for either 1 week or 10 weeks, with sham controls. In the 1-week exposure group, all auditory brainstem response wave latencies were prolonged, oxidative stress markers increased, and antioxidant enzyme activities decreased. Acute exposure also caused edema in neurons, astrocytes, and astrocytic end-feet, as well as mitochondrial damage in astrocytes. The 10-week exposure group showed no harmful effects on the auditory system.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers evaluated the impact of 2.45GHz Wi-Fi radiation exposure for 4 hours daily over a consecutive 30-day period on neurobehavioral and brain oxidative stress parameters in adult zebrafish. Post-exposure assessments revealed significant neurobehavioral impairments, altered locomotion, decreased neurotransmitter levels (AChE), and increased oxidative stress.
Günay S, Delen K, Özkan ET, Kuzay Aksoy D, Sırav Aral B · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
The study evaluated the in-vitro impact of simultaneous exposure to 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz and GSM-modulated 1.8 GHz signals on neuronal electrical activity, mitochondrial ROS production, and cellular stress protein responses. Primary cortical neurons and human immortalized skin fibroblasts were exposed at SARs of 1 or 4 W/kg for 15 minutes or 24 hours, respectively. No significant effects were found on the mean bursting rate or mean firing rate of cortical neurons, mitochondrial ROS production in fibroblasts remained unaffected, and HSF1 basal activity and responsiveness to MG132 showed no change. BRET assays detected only minor, inconsistent variations in RAS and PML basal activity and drug responsiveness, near the detection threshold.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed female Wistar rats to 700MHz radiation for short-term (6 hours daily for 10 days) and long-term (4 hours daily for 60 days) periods. No changes were seen in estrous cycles or DNA damage in either exposure group. Testosterone levels increased significantly in exposed rats, while estradiol and progesterone remained normal. Exposed ovaries showed elevated malondialdehyde and reduced superoxide dismutase, total sulfhydryl content, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Histopathology revealed no significant ovarian morphology changes after short-term exposure but cystic follicles and abnormal vasculature after long-term exposure.
Unknown authors · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed female rats to 700MHz 5G radiation for either 10 days (6 hours daily) or 60 days (4 hours daily) to study reproductive effects. While hormone levels and fertility cycles remained mostly normal, long-term exposure caused oxidative stress in ovaries and tissue changes including cystic follicles. The findings suggest prolonged 5G exposure may harm reproductive organs through cellular damage.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed developing rats to 900MHz cell phone radiation at levels considered safe by current regulations (0.08 and 0.4 W/kg SAR). They found significant changes in brain development, including reduced brain growth factors, altered cell division, and disrupted formation of neural connections. The study suggests developing brains may be particularly vulnerable to wireless radiation even at supposedly safe exposure levels.
Er H, Basaranlar G., Derin N., Kantar D, Ozen S. · 2025
Researchers exposed adult rats to 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation (the frequency used by 3G cell phones) for either 1 week or 10 weeks, 2 hours daily. Short-term exposure delayed auditory brainstem responses and caused brain oxidative damage, while longer exposure with rest days showed no harmful effects. This suggests acute cell phone radiation exposure may temporarily impair hearing function.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed adult zebrafish to Wi-Fi radiation (2.45 GHz) for 4 hours daily over 30 days and found significant behavioral problems, movement changes, reduced brain chemicals, and increased oxidative stress. This study adds to growing evidence that chronic Wi-Fi exposure may harm brain function in vertebrates.
Iranfar S, Wallace J, Selmaoui B, Yahia-Cherif L · 2025
The study aimed to test whether GSM radiofrequency exposure modulates brain functional connectivity. Healthy young adults were exposed to GSM signals at 900 MHz, modulated at 217 Hz with a maximum power of 2 W. Real exposure produced significant alterations in intra-hemispheric functional connectivity, especially in right-hemisphere regions such as the transverse temporal, entorhinal, insula, and posterior cingulate.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed honey bee workers to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields of varying intensities and durations in wooden cages. Behavior was analyzed by computer program immediately after exposure and again seven days later. The radiofrequency field affected bee behavior compared to unexposed controls, though not all results were statistically significant. Significant effects were seen seven days after exposure in walking, flight, and individual contact.
Sauter C et al. · 2025
Sixty healthy women and men aged 60 to 80 years completed four attentional tasks in nine sessions while exposed to GSM 900 MHz, TETRA 385 MHz, or sham exposure. Two of 16 performance measures were significantly affected by exposure in women only, with worse accuracy in an n-back task under GSM exposure in the easier version and under TETRA exposure in the highest level. Performance of women and men did not differ significantly overall, and only one significant sex-exposure interaction was observed under TETRA exposure, indicating better performance in men and worse in women compared to sham. The researchers concluded that overall cognitive performance of healthy elderly participants was not affected by short-term RF-EMF exposure.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers established a dual-frequency EMR mouse model at 0.8/2.65 GHz. Exposure to this dual-frequency EMR significantly induced anxiety-like behavior in mice. Molecular experiments showed a significant decrease in CB1R levels in the medial prefrontal cortex along with a notable reduction in the endogenous cannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide, indicating downregulation of the entire endocannabinoid system. Overexpressing and knocking down CB1R in the medial prefrontal cortex confirmed that increasing mPFC CB1R levels reduced anxiety-like behavior while decreasing mPFC CB1R levels exacerbated it. Dual-frequency EMR also induced changes in the endocannabinoid system in the basolateral amygdala, and female mice exhibited similar behavioral phenotypes and molecular mechanisms.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed developing rats to 900MHz cell phone radiation at levels considered safe by current regulations (0.08 and 0.4 W/kg SAR). The study found significant changes in brain development, including reduced brain growth factors, fewer new brain cells, disrupted nerve connections, and DNA damage in neural stem cells. These effects occurred at exposure levels typical of everyday cell phone use.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed female rats to 700MHz 5G radiation for either 10 days (6 hours daily) or 60 days (4 hours daily) to study reproductive effects. While hormone levels and DNA remained mostly normal, long-term exposure caused oxidative stress in ovaries and tissue changes including cystic follicles. The findings suggest prolonged 5G exposure may harm female reproductive organs through cellular damage.
Özyılmaz C et al. · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 900-MHz EMF for 2 hours daily during three gestational periods: GD 1–7, GD 8–14, and GD 15–21. Female offspring were sacrificed on postnatal day 28 and hippocampal PARP-1 and Caspase-3 expression was evaluated. Pyramidal neurons in the CA region appeared normal after GD 1–7 exposure but were darkly stained and shrunken after GD 15–21 exposure. The GD 15–21 exposure group showed strong PARP-1 and Caspase-3 immune reactivity in CA and dentate gyrus cells with higher H-scores. The authors concluded that EMF at GD 15–21 triggered hippocampal neuron death by activating PARP-1 and Caspase-3.
Vijay S et al. · 2025
Histological examination revealed vacuolation in the testes and corpus epididymis of both exposed groups and multifocal atypical hyperplasia in the seminal vesicle. Seminiferous tubule diameter decreased gradually in both exposed groups with a substantial decrease in the 24-hour group, and the spermatogenesis index was significantly reduced in both exposed groups. Sperm concentration was significantly reduced in both exposed groups, sperm motility decreased significantly in the 4-hour group, and sperm viability increased substantially in the 24-hour group.
Lameth J et al. · 2025
This study examined the effects of repeated head exposures to 5G signals at 3.5 GHz on adult male mice. The researchers found that while the 5G exposures did not alter behavioral outcomes, they did produce modifications in gene expression within the cerebral cortex.
Özyılmaz C et al. · 2025
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to WiFi-frequency radiation (2.45 GHz) throughout pregnancy, then examined their offspring's thyroid glands one year after birth. The study found significant thyroid damage including increased cell death, DNA breaks, tissue scarring, and abnormal cells in the exposed offspring. This suggests prenatal WiFi exposure may cause lasting thyroid problems that persist into adulthood.
Unknown authors · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
EMR exposure caused marked structural damage to seminiferous tubules, increased collagen deposition, expanded tubular and interstitial volumes, raised IL-6 and TNF-α expression, and reduced antioxidant enzyme activities while increasing MDA levels. Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation prevented the structural damage, lowered inflammatory markers, restored AR, ZO-1, and ZO-2 expression, and reversed the oxidative stress parameters.
