Laván D et al. · 2025
The researchers indirectly analyzed the relationship between oxidative-stress-responsive genes after Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz exposure and genes linked to Alzheimer’s disease. They reported that prolonged exposure to this radiation could worsen the modification of key neurodegeneration genes such as GSK3B and APOE. The authors note that the link between wireless systems and Alzheimer’s disease remains inconclusive and requires further research.
Unknown authors · 2024
Previous research found increased wakefulness in mice after prolonged exposure to 2.4 GHz electromagnetic radiation with 100 Hz square-pulsed modulation at 1/8 duty cycle. The current study addresses whether modulation frequency, pulse edge sharpness, carrier frequency, and duty cycle matter for sleep and wakefulness alteration.
Unknown authors · 2024
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed male rats to 4G mobile phone radiation (2350 MHz) for 2 hours daily over 56 days and found significant reproductive damage including reduced sperm viability, abnormal sperm, lower testosterone, and tissue damage to reproductive organs, liver, and kidneys. The study also revealed increased oxidative stress and changes in blood parameters, suggesting chronic 4G exposure may harm multiple organ systems in males.
Yavas MC, Kilitci A, Çelik E, Yegin K, Sirav B, Varol S · 2024
Researchers created two groups of seven rats each, one sham control and one exposed to 2100 MHz RF-EMF for five hours per day over 14 days. Brain tissue from exposed rats showed vascular alterations and significant edema. The exposed group had 18.26% tail DNA compared to 4.06% in controls, indicating more cellular damage. Testicular tissue showed significant deterioration of spermatogenic cells. Bax and bcl-2 gene expression changed significantly, while p53 did not.
Torres-Ruiz M et al. · 2024
Researchers exposed zebrafish embryos to unmodulated 700 MHz and 3500 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 1 and 4 hours during the blastula period and assessed outcomes up to 120 hours post fertilization. The exposure did not affect mortality, hatching, or body length, but caused specific organ morphological changes and lasting behavioral alterations in activity, anxiety-like behavior, and habituation. Effects were stronger at 700 MHz, particularly after 4 hours of exposure, and acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers created two groups of seven rats each, a sham control and an exposure group, and exposed the latter to 2100 MHz RF-EMF for five hours per day over 14 days. Histological examination of brain tissue from the exposed group revealed vascular alterations and significant edema. The comet assay showed much more cellular damage in the exposed group (18.26% tail DNA) than in controls (4.06% tail DNA). Testicular tissue showed significant deterioration of spermatogenic cells in the exposed group. Bax and bcl-2 mRNA levels differed significantly between groups, while p53 did not change.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed rats to 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 5 hours daily over 14 days, finding significant brain swelling, blood vessel changes, and DNA damage. The study also revealed deterioration in sperm-producing cells and changes in genes that control cell death. This frequency is close to what 3G and some 4G cell towers use.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed mouse zygotes to cell phone electromagnetic radiation at 900-1800 MHz for 30 minutes on day 1. Exposed embryos showed slower cleavage divisions, more abnormal cleavage patterns, and delayed blastocyst formation. Cell survival in blastocysts was lower in the exposed group.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to 2.45 GHz EMR for 24 hours with sulforaphane at 5, 10, and 25 µg/mL. Higher sulforaphane concentrations caused harmful effects and the compound showed a hormetic response in Nrf2, SOD2, and apoptosis markers.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed brain-like cells and immune cells to 2.45 GHz WiFi radiation for 24 hours, finding it reduced cell survival and caused cellular damage. However, a low dose of sulforaphane (a compound from broccoli) protected the cells from this radiation damage. The protective effect only worked at low doses - higher concentrations of sulforaphane actually made things worse.
Sannino A et al. · 2024
This in vitro study exposed Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 cells to 1950 MHz LTE radiofrequency signals at two SAR levels (0.3 and 1.25 W/kg), alone and combined with the cytotoxic agent mitomycin-C, measuring chromosomal damage, oxidative stress, and cell cycle effects. RF exposure alone produced no detectable effects, but pre-exposure followed by mitomycin-C treatment at higher SAR levels resulted in reduced chromosomal damage and oxidative stress compared to mitomycin-C treatment alone.
Unknown authors · 2024
The study investigated the effects of 1850 MHz RF-EMF exposure at a specific absorption rate of 4.0 W/kg on cortical neurons in mice at postnatal day 28. Daily exposure for 4 weeks significantly reduced the number of mushroom-shaped dendritic spines in the prefrontal cortex. Prolonged exposure over 9 days gradually decreased postsynaptic density 95 puncta and inhibited neurite outgrowth in developing cortical neurons. Expression levels of genes associated with synapse formation, such as synaptic cell adhesion molecules and cyclin-dependent kinase 5, were reduced in the cerebral cortexes of exposed mice. Behavioral assessments using the Morris water maze revealed altered spatial learning and memory after the 4-week exposure period.
Unknown authors · 2024
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed young mice to cell phone radiation (1850 MHz) for 4 weeks and found significant brain damage including reduced connections between neurons and impaired learning and memory. The study used radiation levels of 4.0 W/kg, which is within current safety limits but still caused measurable harm to developing brain tissue.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed 30 Aedes aegypti eggs to radiofrequency radiation at baseline, 900 MHz, and 18 GHz, with each frequency tested in triplicate. They assessed hatching responses, development times, larval numbers, and pupation periods until adult emergence. The 900 MHz group showed the highest hatching rate at 79 ± 10.54% and the lowest adult emergence rate at 33 ± 2.77%, with a significant difference between groups (p = 0.03).
Unknown authors · 2024
Unknown authors · 2024
Twelve male rats aged 21 days were randomly assigned to control and EMF groups, with the EMF group exposed to 0.9 GHz EMF for one hour a day over 25 days. Exposure increased kidney tissue volume and weight, total body weight, and levels of lipid peroxidation, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in kidney tissue. Histopathological evaluation revealed cortical and medullary bleeding, widespread fibrosis, tubular dilatation and degeneration, glomerular damage, and degeneration of Bowman's membrane, podocytes, and mesangial cells.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 cells to a 1950 MHz LTE signal at SAR values of 0.3 and 1.25 W/kg. Exposure to the LTE signal alone did not cause any measurable chromosomal damage, oxidative stress, or changes in cell cycle progression. A 20-hour pre-exposure at 1.25 W/kg before mitomycin-C treatment significantly reduced micronuclei, and ROS formation was significantly decreased at both SAR levels. Shorter pre-exposures, lower SAR, or continuous wave exposure did not alter mitomycin-C-induced micronuclei.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers evaluated effects of non-ionizing radiation from three cell phone towers on Allium cepa at five sites with different power densities and a zero-exposure control. Mean power densities at the five sites were 1.05, 1.18, 1.6, 2.73, and 12.9 μW/cm². A significant change in morphology, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight in Allium cepa was observed under the exposure at different sites. Protein content of roots showed significant difference for samples at all sites while bulbs at sites S4 and S5 when compared to control. The samples under exposure to radiation with maximum power density have shown maximum induction of oxidative stress and genotoxicity.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed onion plants to radiation from actual cell phone towers at different distances, measuring power densities from 1.05 to 12.9 μW/cm². The study found significant cellular damage, oxidative stress, and genetic abnormalities in plants, with effects increasing as radiation exposure levels rose.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed onion plants to cell phone and WiFi radiation at 1800 MHz and 2400 MHz for varying durations up to 8 hours daily over 7 days. They found that longer exposures reduced plant growth, altered protein production, triggered stress responses in cellular enzymes, and caused chromosomal damage in root cells. This demonstrates that even non-ionizing radiation at everyday wireless frequencies can produce biological effects including genetic damage.
Popovičová A et al. · 2024
Female rats were exposed to MWR at a frequency of 2.45 GHz for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy. The study examined the rostral migratory stream and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus for cell proliferation and death, and also assessed nitrergic neuron differentiation in the RMS. Prenatal MWR exposure caused significant changes in the numbers of proliferating and dying cells that varied by offspring age and brain region. MWR attenuated the maturation of nitrergic neurons in the RMS in both juvenile and adult rats. Morphological alterations in neurogenesis were accompanied by changes in animal behavior.
Popovičová A et al. · 2024
Slovak researchers exposed pregnant rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (WiFi frequency) for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy. Their offspring showed significant disruptions in brain cell growth and development in key regions responsible for learning and memory, along with behavioral changes that persisted into adulthood.
Unknown authors · 2024
