Miyakoshi J et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed human glioma MO54 cells to a continuous wave 1950 MHz RF field at SARs of 1, 2, and 10 W/kg for up to 2 hours. Cell growth was assessed by counting cell numbers up to 4 days after exposure. RF exposure at 2 and 10 W/kg did not affect the growth of MO54 cells. However, exposure at 10 W/kg for 1 and 2 hours significantly decreased the protein level of phosphorylated Hsp27 at serine 78.
Keshvari J, Lang S. · 2005
Researchers used the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computational method to calculate specific absorption rate (SAR) in anatomically correct adult and child head models exposed to a half-wave dipole at 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz. The ear and eye regions were studied because they represent realistic exposure scenarios for mobile wireless communication devices.
Lim HB, Cook GG, Barker AT, Coulton LA. · 2005
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood to 900 MHz fields at specific absorption rates of 0.4, 2.0, and 3.6 W/kg for durations of 20 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours. Heat stress at 42 degrees Celsius increased the number of cells expressing HSP70 and HSP27 in a time-dependent manner. No statistically significant difference in stress protein expression was detected after RF-field exposure.
Cosquer B, Galani R, Kuster N, Cassel JC. · 2005
In a first phase, researchers validated the elevated plus-maze apparatus in male Sprague-Dawley rats. They tested anxiety responses at light intensities of 200, 30, 10, and 2.5 lux and with diazepam doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg. Anxiety responses decreased with decreasing light intensity and were attenuated by diazepam. A separate group of rats was then exposed to 2.45 GHz EMFs with a whole-body SAR of 0.6 W/kg and brain-averaged SAR of 0.9 W/kg for 45 min. EMF exposure did not significantly affect anxiety responses at either low or high ambient light intensity.
Zotti-Martelli L et al. · 2005
Italian researchers exposed human blood lymphocytes to 1800 MHz microwave radiation (cell phone frequency) at various power levels and found statistically significant increases in micronuclei, which are markers of genetic damage. The study revealed wide individual variation in response, with some people's cells showing much more damage than others from the same exposure.
Lai H, Singh NP · 2005
Researchers studied four groups of rats: one exposed to 2450-MHz microwaves at 1 mW/cm2, one to magnetic field noise at 45 mG, one to both simultaneously, and a sham-exposed group. Brain cells of microwave-exposed rats had significantly higher levels of DNA single- and double-strand breaks compared with sham-exposed animals. Noise exposure alone did not significantly affect DNA strand break levels, but simultaneous noise exposure blocked the microwave-induced increases.
Lai H, Singh NP · 2005
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone-frequency microwaves (2450 MHz) for 2 hours and found significant DNA damage in brain cells. However, when they simultaneously exposed the rats to a weak magnetic field with random fluctuations, it completely blocked the DNA damage from occurring. This suggests that certain types of magnetic field exposure might actually protect against some forms of EMF damage.
Shirai T et al. · 2005
A 1.439 GHz TDMA signal was used for exposure of the rat head starting from 5 weeks of age, 90 min a day, 5 days a week, for 104 weeks. Brain tumorigenesis was initiated by an intrauterine exposure to N-ethylnitrosourea (ENU) on gestational day 18. No increase in the incidences or numbers per group of brain and/or spinal cord tumors, either in the males or females, was detected in the EMF exposed groups. There were no inter-group differences in body weights, food consumption, and survival rates.
Schmid G, Sauter C, Stepansky R, Lobentanz IS, Zeitlhofer J · 2005
Researchers exposed 58 healthy volunteers to a generic 1.97 GHz UMTS-like signal in a double-blinded crossover design. Each subject completed four clinical visual perception tests under high exposure, low exposure, and sham conditions. High exposure produced an average SAR of 0.63 W/kg (1 g) and 0.37 W/kg (10 g) in the left temporal cortex. No statistically significant differences in visual perception parameters were found between any exposure condition and sham.
Ebert S et al. · 2005
This study determined the thermal regulatory and thermal breakdown thresholds for in-tube restrained B6C3F1 and NMRI mice exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 905 MHz. The thermal regulatory threshold of the restrained mice was found at SAR levels between 2 W kg(-1) and 5 W kg(-1). The breakdown of regulation was determined at 10.1 +/- 4.0 W kg(-1) for B6C3F1 mice and 7.7 +/- 1.6 W kg(-1) for NMRI mice. NMRI mice were more sensitive to thermal stress and responded at lower SAR values with regulation and breakdown.
Trigano A, Blandeau O, Dale C, Wong MF, Wiart J. · 2005
Researchers performed 330 consecutive tests in 158 patients during routine pacemaker follow-up examinations. Two cellular phone systems were tested: GSM at a maximal power output of 2 W on a 900 MHz carrier frequency, and PCS at a maximal output of 1 W on a 1800 MHz carrier frequency. Interference was noted in only 5 tests, all involving unprotected pacemaker models, and the overall incidence of interference was 1.5% of tests.
Galloni P et al. · 2005
Researchers evaluated possible effects of cellular phone-like electromagnetic fields on the functionality of the rat cochlea. Distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitude was used as an indicator of outer hair cell status, and multiple exposure protocols with varying frequencies, intensities, and durations were tested before, during, and after exposure. No significant variation due to microwave exposure was evidenced.
Janssen T, Boege P, von Mikusch-Buchberg J, Raczek J. · 2005
Researchers investigated potential effects of electromagnetic fields from GSM cellular phones on outer hair cells by measuring distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in 28 normally hearing subjects. No significant change in DPOAE level was found in response to EMF exposure. After compensating for undesired side effects, an extremely small exposure-correlated change of less than 1 dB was observed in some subjects, which the researchers suggested was physiologically irrelevant given the very large dynamic range of hearing in humans.
Finnie JW. · 2005
Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields using a purpose-designed exposure system, giving each animal a single, far-field, whole body exposure at a specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg. The study measured activation of the immediate early gene c-fos in mouse brain tissue after this acute exposure. Activation of c-fos in exposed and sham-exposed brains was comparable, but was greatly increased compared with freely moving controls. The results suggest that the majority of the acute genomic response detected by c-fos expression was due to immobilisation.
Gorlitz BD et al. · 2005
Görlitz B-D et al. · 2005
German researchers exposed mice to GSM and DCS cell phone radiation for 1-6 weeks to test whether it causes genetic damage (micronuclei formation) in blood cells, bone marrow, skin cells, and immune cells. They found no increase in genetic damage at any exposure level tested, including levels much higher than typical cell phone use.
Komatsubara Y et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed murine m5S cells to 2.45 GHz high-frequency electromagnetic fields for 2 hours at SARs of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 W/kg continuous wave and at a mean SAR of 100 W/kg pulse wave with a maximum of 900 W/kg. The effects were compared with sham-exposed controls and with mitomycin C and X-ray treatments as positive controls. No significant differences in chromosomal aberrations were observed between HFEMF-exposed cells and sham controls, while positive controls increased chromatid-type and chromosome-type aberrations.
Yariktas M et al. · 2005
Galloni P et al. · 2005
Researchers divided 48 Sprague-Dawley rats into exposed and sham-exposed groups. The rats were exposed 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks at a local SAR of 2 W/kg in the ear. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions tests were carried out before, during, and after the exposure. The analysis showed no statistically significant differences in audiological signals between the different groups.
Martinez-Burdalo M, Martin A, Anguiano M, Villar R · 2005
Researchers analyzed safety assessment procedures for human exposure near cellular base-station antennas at 900, 1800, and 2170 MHz. They compared distances where electromagnetic fields were below reference levels with distances where specific absorption rate (SAR) values in an exposed person were below basic restrictions according to European guidelines. A high-resolution human body model was placed in front of each antenna at different distances to compute whole-body averaged SAR and maximum 10 g averaged SAR. The finite-difference time-domain method was used for both electromagnetic field and SAR calculations.
Hata K et al. · 2005
The study aimed to clarify the effects of short-term 1439 MHz TDMA exposure on melatonin synthesis in rats. Researchers investigated 208 male and female rats with brain SAR of 7.5 W/kg and whole-body SAR of 1.9 to 2.0 W/kg. After a 12-hour light-dark cycle, serum and pineal melatonin and pineal serotonin were measured by radioimmunoassay in darkness. No significant differences in melatonin or serotonin levels were found between exposed, sham, and cage control groups.
Whitehead TD et al. · 2005
The study aimed to confirm a previous report that CDMA and FDMA radiation increased Fos levels as cells entered plateau phase. Fos mRNA levels were not significantly different from sham exposure at either SAR level for any signal modulation. Therefore, the earlier results could not be confirmed.
Koyu A et al. · 2005
Researchers studied the effects of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz EMF on nocturnal serum melatonin in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed for 30 minutes per day, five days per week for four weeks. Serum melatonin concentrations were measured at 12:00 pm using a radioimmunoassay method. No statistically significant differences in melatonin levels were found between the 900 MHz exposed group and the sham group, nor between the 1800 MHz exposed group and the sham group.
Pau HW, Sievert U, Eggert S, Wild W · 2005
Researchers applied a simulated GSM signal to one ear at a time while recording video nystagmography in 13 volunteers. No EM radiation-induced nystagmus was recorded in any volunteer. In human temporal bones, very weak caloric effects were only found near the antenna, while the horizontal semicircular canal seemed unaffected with temperature changes below 0.1 degree C.
Cosquer B, Vasconcelos AP, Frohlich J, Cassel JC. · 2005
