Outdoor EMF Infrastructure Research

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure affects fertilization outcome in swine animal model

Unknown authors · 2010

GFAP expression in the rat brain following sub-chronic exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field signal

Ammari M et al. · 2010

This study measured glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in 48 rat brains to evaluate reactive astrocytosis after sub-chronic head-only exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field signal. Rats were exposed either for 45 minutes per day at a SAR of 1.5 W/kg or for 15 minutes per day at a SAR of 6 W/kg, five days per week over an eight-week period. Compared to sham-treated rats, exposed rats showed an increase in GFAP levels in different brain areas, measured three and ten days after treatment.

GFAP expression in the rat brain following sub-chronic exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field signal.

Ammari M et al. · 2010

French researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation for 8 weeks and found increased brain inflammation markers that lasted at least 10 days after exposure ended. This suggests chronic mobile phone use may trigger inflammatory brain responses similar to those seen in neurodegenerative diseases.

Effects of Exposure to GSM mobile phone base station signals on salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and Immunoglobulin A.

Augner C et al. · 2010

Researchers tested whether RF-EMF emitted by mobile phone base stations may affect salivary alpha-amylase, immunoglobulin A, and cortisol levels. Fifty-seven participants were randomly allocated to one of three experimental scenarios, and each participant went through five 50-minute exposure sessions. When exposure shifted from low to high in scenario 3, an increase of cortisol was detected, and IgA concentration was not significantly related to the exposure. The researchers suggested that RF-EMF in considerably lower field densities than ICNIRP guidelines may influence certain psychobiological stress markers.

Involvement of mitochondrial activity in mediating ELF-EMF stimulatory effect on human sperm motility

Unknown authors · 2010

Human sperm were exposed to a 50 Hz, 5 mT ELF-EMF with a square waveform. Exposure increased mitochondrial membrane potential and levels of ATP, ADP, and NAD+ and improved sperm kinematic parameters. Inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation with CICCP blocked the ELF-EMF effect on energy parameters and motility in glucose medium. When pyruvate and lactate replaced glucose, ELF-EMF increased energy status and motility, indicating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation mediates the effect.

Cranial and postcranial skeletal variations induced in mouse embryos by mobile phone radiation.

Fragopoulou AF, Koussoulakos SL, Margaritis LH. · 2010

Physically comparable pregnant mice were exposed to GSM 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation from a mobile phone. Within 5h after birth most pups were fixed and processed with double staining and paraffin histology, while other pups remained with their mothers until teeth eruption. Exposed newborns appeared normal externally, but histological examination revealed variations in cranial bone and rib ossification and displacement of Meckelian cartilage.

(2010) Scientific panel on electromagnetic field health risks: consensus points, recommendations, and rationales

Fragopoulou et al · 2010

Bioelectromagnetic field effects on cancer cells and mice tumors

Unknown authors · 2010

Prenatal exposure to non-ionizing radiation: effects of WiFi signals on pregnancy outcome, peripheral B-cell compartment and antibody production.

Sambucci M et al. · 2010

Researchers exposed pregnant mice to WiFi signals for 2 hours daily over 14 consecutive days starting 5 days after mating. No effects were found on mating success, number of newborns per mother, or body weight at birth. Offspring showed no differences in spleen cell number, B-cell frequency, or antibody serum levels. B cells from all groups produced comparable IgM and IgG and proliferated similarly when challenged with LPS in vitro. These findings were consistent in both female and male offspring at juvenile and adult ages.

Differentiation of K562 Cells Under ELF-EMF Applied at Different Time Courses

Ayşe IG, Zafer A, Sule O, Işil IT, Kalkan T. · 2010

Researchers studied the effect of ELF-EMF on the differentiation of K562 cells at different time courses. A single exposure to ELF-EMF resulted in a decrease in differentiation, while ELF-EMF applied every day for 1 hour caused an increase in differentiation. ELF-EMF increased ROS levels in K562 cells not treated with hemin, but did not change ROS levels in hemin-treated cells, indicating that ROS was not the cause of the differentiation effects.

Confirmation studies of Soviet research on immunological effects of microwaves: Russian immunology results.

Grigoriev YG et al. · 2010

Researchers replicated earlier Soviet studies from 1974 to 1991 that had examined immunological and reproductive effects of long-term low-level radiofrequency exposure in rats. Wistar rats were exposed in the far field to 2450 MHz continuous wave RF fields at an incident power density of 5 W/m² for 7 hours per day, 5 days per week, for a total of 30 days, resulting in a whole-body SAR of 0.16 W/kg. The results partly confirmed the earlier findings and indicated possible effects from non-thermal RF exposure on autoimmune processes. A separate part of the study suggested possible adverse effects of blood serum from exposed rats on pregnancy and foetal development of intact rats, though the researchers noted that applying these results to exposure standards is limited.

Confirmation studies of Soviet research on immunological effects of microwaves: Russian immunology results

Grigoriev YG et al · 2010

Russian researchers replicated Soviet-era studies by exposing rats to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to microwave ovens) for 7 hours daily over 30 days. The study confirmed earlier findings that low-level RF exposure can trigger autoimmune responses in brain tissue and affect pregnancy outcomes when exposed blood serum is transferred to unexposed animals. This adds to evidence that non-thermal RF radiation can influence biological processes.

Confirmation studies of Soviet research on immunological effects of microwaves: Russian immunology results

Grigoriev YG et al · 2010

Russian researchers replicated Soviet-era studies by exposing rats to 2450 MHz microwave radiation (WiFi frequency) for 7 hours daily over 30 days. The study confirmed earlier findings that low-level RF exposure can trigger autoimmune responses and affect pregnancy outcomes when blood from exposed animals is transferred to unexposed ones. This validates decades-old research that influenced USSR radiation safety standards.

Confirmation studies of Soviet research on immunological effects of microwaves: Russian immunology results

Grigoriev YG et al · 2010

Russian researchers replicated Soviet-era studies by exposing rats to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation (WiFi frequency) at low power levels for 30 days. The study confirmed earlier findings showing the radiation triggered autoimmune responses in brain tissue and that blood from exposed rats negatively affected pregnancy outcomes when injected into unexposed pregnant rats.

Estimation of whole-body SAR from electromagnetic fields using personal exposure meters.

Joseph W, Vermeeren G, Verloock L, Martens L. · 2010

Researchers converted personal electromagnetic field measurements into whole-body specific absorption rates (SAR) for members of the general public. Among the body types compared, the highest SAR values at 950 MHz were found for the 1-year-old child, followed by the 5-year-old child, 10-year-old child, average woman, and average man. All calculated values remained below the basic restriction of 0.08 W/kg for the general public.

Effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones (GSM 900 and WCDMA/UMTS) on the macrostructure of sleep.

Danker-Hopfe H, Dorn H, Bahr A, Anderer P, Sauter C. · 2010

The identification of an intensity 'window' on the bioeffects of mobile telephony radiation.

Panagopoulos DJ, Margaritis LH · 2010

Researchers examined whether the bioactivity windows for GSM 900 and 1800 MHz radiation depend on field intensity by measuring reproductive capacity in Drosophila melanogaster. They compared insects exposed at the window distances (30 cm for GSM 900, 20 cm for GSM 1800) to insects exposed closer (8 cm and 5 cm) behind a metal grid that shielded microwave and ELF fields while keeping intensities roughly equal. The decrease in reproductive capacity did not differ significantly between the two exposure groups. The bioactivity window seems to be due to the intensity of radiation-field (10 microW/cm(2), 0.6-0.7 V/m) at those distances.

Effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on Helicobacter pylori biofilm

Unknown authors · 2010

Researchers exposed H. pylori ATCC 43629 cultures and 2-day-old biofilm to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and 1 mT for 2 days. Exposed cultures and sham-exposed controls were studied for cell viability, morphology, biofilm mass, genotypic profile, and luxS and amiA gene expression. During biofilm formation, ELF-EMF exposure significantly increased spiral forms to 58.41% versus 33.14% in controls and reduced biofilm cell mass. On mature biofilm, no significant differences were found compared to controls, though biofilm mass was also reduced. No changes in DNA patterns were recorded, but amiA gene expression was modulated.

Combined effects of 872 MHz radiofrequency radiation and ferrous chloride on reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. · 2010

Researchers aimed to investigate cooperative effects of 872 MHz RF radiation and ferrous chloride on ROS production and DNA damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. They exposed the cells to 872 MHz RF radiation at 5 W/kg SAR using continuous wave or GSM-like modulated signals for 1 hour in ROS experiments and 3 hours in comet assay experiments. Chemical treatments with ferrous chloride produced statistically significant responses, but RF radiation alone or combined with chemicals did not affect ROS production, DNA damage, or cell viability.

Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure on cognitive functions: results of a meta-analysis

Unknown authors · 2010

Researchers conducted a meta-analysis of nine studies that met minimum design criteria, all using 50 Hz magnetic field exposure. Small but significant effect sizes were found in two cognitive dimensions: exposed subjects performed better on the hard level of visual duration discrimination but worse on the intermediate level. A significant improvement in correct responses was also observed in the flexibility dimension under exposure. However, the authors caution that the small number of studies per dimension makes the estimates unstable and the findings must be treated with extreme caution. Overall, the meta-analysis provides little evidence that ELF-MFs have any effects on cognitive functions.

Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure on cognitive functions: results of a meta-analysis

Unknown authors · 2010

Researchers analyzed 17 studies on how 50 Hz magnetic fields (from power lines and appliances) affect thinking abilities like memory and attention. They found minimal effects - people performed slightly better on some visual tasks but slightly worse on others. Overall, the evidence shows little impact on cognitive function.

STAT3 signalling pathway is involved in the activation of microglia induced by 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields.

Hao Y, Yang X, Chen C, Yuan-Wang, Wang X, Li M, Yu Z · 2010

Researchers exposed murine N9 microglial cells to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields and examined several molecular markers of cell activation. After exposure, a significant increase of STAT3 DNA-binding ability was noted, and EMF rapidly induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and activated JAK1 and JAK2. Transcription levels of the inflammation-associated genes iNOS and TNF-alpha also increased after EMF exposure. When a JAK inhibitor called P6 was applied, it reduced induction of iNOS and TNF-alpha, nuclear factor binding activity, and activation of STAT3 in EMF-stimulated microglia.

Sinusoidal ELF magnetic fields affect acetylcholinesterase activity in cerebellum synaptosomal membranes

Ravera S et al. · 2010

Researchers investigated how extremely low frequency magnetic fields affect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in synaptosomal membranes from the cerebellum. Sinusoidal 50 Hz fields at different amplitudes caused AChE activity to decrease about 27%, with a threshold of about 0.74 mT. The decrease was completely reversible and independent of the time spent in the field. When the synaptosomal membranes were solubilized with Triton, the fields did not affect AChE activity, suggesting the membrane plays a crucial role in the effect.

Sinusoidal ELF magnetic fields affect acetylcholinesterase activity in cerebellum synaptosomal membranes.

Ravera S et al. · 2010

Researchers exposed brain tissue to 50 Hz magnetic fields (power line frequency) and found it reduced activity of a key brain enzyme by 27%. This enzyme controls nerve communication for memory and learning, suggesting power-frequency fields can disrupt basic brain chemistry.

SAR in a child voxel phantom from exposure to wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi).

Findlay RP, Dimbylow PJ. · 2010

Researchers calculated specific energy absorption rate (SAR) values in a 10-year-old sitting voxel model from exposure to electromagnetic fields at 2.4 and 5 GHz, frequencies commonly used by Wi-Fi devices. Both plane-wave exposure and irradiation from antennas in the near field were investigated for a variety of exposure conditions. In all situations studied, the calculated SAR values were considerably below basic restrictions.