Personal Device EMF Research

We aimed to explore the association of environmental radiofrequency-electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) exposure with neurobehavioral function of children

Unknown authors · 2000

Prenatal exposure to 900 MHz, cell-phone electromagnetic fields had no effect on operant-behavior performances of adult rats.

Bornhausen M, Scheingraber H · 2000

Magnetic field exposure stimulates transposition through the induction of DnaK/J synthesis

Unknown authors · 2000

Researchers used a bacterial conjugation assay with Escherichia coli carrying the transposable element Tn5 as the donor strain. Donor cultures exposed to a 50 Hz, 1.2 mT magnetic field showed stimulated transposition of chromosomal Tn5 to an extrachromosomal episome and subsequent transfer to recipient cells. The transposition increase was mediated by induced synthesis and accumulation of the heat shock proteins DnaK/J. Magnetic field exposure was found to be stimulatory to transposition activity, similar to heat shock and UV irradiation.

No mutagenic or recombinogenic effects of mobile phone fields at 900 MHz detected in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Gos P, Eicher B, Kohli J, Heyer WD · 2000

Researchers exposed actively growing and resting yeast cells to 900 MHz fields at specific absorption rates of 0.13 and 1.3 W/kg. Assays measured forward mutation rates at CAN1, petite clone formation, intrachromosomal deletion formation, and intragenic recombination in the ADE2 gene. Fields were also tested in combination with the alkylating agent methyl methansulfonate to assess whether they could enhance genotoxic damage. Fluctuation tests failed to detect any significant effect on any of these measures, in the absence or presence of methyl methansulfonate.

Suppression of heat-induced HSP-70 by simultaneous exposure to 50 mT magnetic field

Unknown authors · 2000

Researchers examined the effect of 50 mT, 60 Hz ELFMF on heat-induced HSP-70 expression in HL60RG cells. Exposure to 50 mT ELFMF alone did not increase HSP-70 production. Combined exposure to 50 mT ELFMF and mild heat at 40°C and 42°C suppressed heat-induced HSP-70 expression. This suppression required simultaneous exposure for more than 5 hours. Lower magnetic densities of 5 mT and 0.5 mT did not suppress HSP-70.

Effects of 50- or 60-hertz, 100 microT magnetic field exposure in the DMBA mammary cancer model in Sprague-Dawley rats: possible explanations for different results from two laboratories

Unknown authors · 2000

Researchers from Löscher's group in Germany exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to 50-Hz magnetic fields at microtesla flux densities for 13 or 27 weeks using a DMBA breast cancer model. The exposure significantly increased mammary tumor development and growth in those experiments. A similar study by Battelle in the United States did not replicate the effect.

Effects of 50- or 60-hertz, 100 microT magnetic field exposure in the DMBA mammary cancer model in Sprague-Dawley rats: possible explanations for different results from two laboratories

Unknown authors · 2000

German researchers found that 50 Hz magnetic fields at 100 microtesla significantly increased mammary tumor development in rats treated with a cancer-causing chemical. However, when U.S. researchers tried to replicate the study using similar methods, they could not reproduce these findings, highlighting challenges in EMF research reproducibility.

Effects of high peak power microwaves on the retina of the rhesus monkey.

Lu ST et al. · 2000

Researchers studied retinal effects of 1.25 GHz high peak power microwaves in Rhesus monkeys. Preexposure and postexposure fundus pictures and angiograms were all within normal limits. Cone photoreceptor response to light flash was enhanced at 8.4 and 20.2 W/kg R-SAR but not at 4.3 W/kg R-SAR. Enhanced glycogen storage in photoreceptors was observed in sham, 8.4, and 20.2 W/kg groups but not in the 4.3 W/kg group. No degenerative changes or ERG depression were observed, and retinal injury was considered very unlikely at 4 W/kg.

Effects of microwaves (900 MHz) on the cochlear receptor: exposure systems and preliminary results. Radiat Environ Biophys 39(2):131-136, 2000

Marino C et al. · 2000

Researchers examined possible effects of 900 MHz microwave exposure on the cochlear epithelium of rats. Two experiments used male Sprague-Dawley rats with far-field exposure in a cubic chamber. No statistically significant evidence was obtained at both SAR values. The exposure system and diagnostic apparatus were considered useful for investigating auditory effects, but no evidence was observed with the parameters applied.

Expression of cancer-related genes in human cells exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields

Unknown authors · 2000

Expression of cancer-related genes in human cells exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields

Unknown authors · 2000

Scientists exposed human mammary and leukemia cells to 60 Hz magnetic fields (the frequency from power lines) for 24 hours to see if this would change cancer-related gene activity. While some genes showed temporary changes, no consistent pattern emerged across repeated experiments, and the researchers found no reliable evidence that power line frequency magnetic fields alter cancer gene expression.

Expression of cancer-related genes in human cells exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields

Unknown authors · 2000

Researchers exposed human breast and leukemia cells to 60 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for 24 hours to see if it changed cancer-related gene activity. While some genes showed temporary changes, no consistent pattern emerged across repeated experiments, suggesting 60 Hz fields don't systematically alter cancer gene expression in these cell types.

Cytogenetic investigations on microwavesemitted by a 455.7 MHz car phone

Maes A, Collier M, Verschaeve L · 2000

Researchers exposed human lymphocytes to 455.7 MHz microwaves from a car phone at a specific absorption rate of approximately 6.5 W/kg. No statistically significant difference was found between microwave-exposed and unexposed control samples for chromosome aberration or sister chromatid exchange frequency. When microwave exposure was followed by MMC treatment, some differences appeared between combined and MMC-only treatments, but results were inconsistent. Combined exposure with X-rays showed no indication of synergistic action between RF fields and X-rays. The authors concluded that the data do not support the hypothesis that RF fields act synergistically with chemical or physical mutagens.

Cytogenetic investigations on microwaves emitted by a 455.7 MHz car phone

Maes A et al. · 2000

Researchers exposed human immune cells to 455.7 MHz radiation from a car phone at high intensity (6.5 W/kg) to test for chromosome damage and interactions with cancer-causing chemicals. They found no significant genetic damage from the RF exposure alone, and no evidence that the radiation made cells more vulnerable to chemical mutagens or X-rays.

Ets1 oncogene induction by ELF-modulated 50 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field

Romano-Spica V, Mucci N, Ursini CL, Ianni A, Bhat NK · 2000

Researchers analyzed gene expression in hemopoietic and testicular cell types after exposure to 50 MHz radiofrequency radiation modulated at 16 Hz. They observed overexpression of ets1 mRNA in Jurkat T-lymphoblastoid and Leydig TM3 cell lines only when the 16 Hz modulation was present. A putative candidate gene was also repressed after EMF exposure.

50-Hertz magnetic field and calcium transients in Jurkat cells: results of a research and public information dissemination (RAPID) program study

Unknown authors · 2000

Researchers attempted to replicate earlier findings by testing whether a 1.5-G 50-Hz magnetic field alters intracellular free calcium in Jurkat lymphocyte T-cells. Cells were randomly assigned to magnetic field, sham field, or no-field exposures for 8 minutes each in a blinded design. The percentage of cells showing calcium transients was 16.5% for magnetic field, 14.6% for sham, and 14.2% for no field, with no statistically significant differences among them. The authors concluded that their methods did not identify responsive cells, if such cells exist, and that the results do not rule out a magnetic field effect on calcium.

Exposure of Daudi cells to low-frequency magnetic fields does not elevate MYC steady-state mRNA levels

Unknown authors · 2000

Daudi cells were exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields for 20, 40 or 60 min at flux densities of 12.5, 50, 100 or 500 microT. Exposures included sham/sham, exposed/sham or sham/exposed conditions with blinding, and 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment was used as a positive control. Human MYC expression was measured by northern blot hybridization as an indicator of the responsiveness of Daudi cells to experimental conditions, and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) expression was measured simultaneously as an internal control. Exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields did not significantly alter MYC expression in Daudi cells under any exposure condition.

Effects of an increased air gap on the in vitro interaction of wireless phones with cardiac pacemakers.

Grant FH, Schlegel RE, · 2000

Researchers evaluated 20 pacemaker-phone combinations involving 6 pacemakers and 9 phones in vitro under worst-case conditions. The phones represented CDMA, TDMA-11 Hz, TDMA-22 Hz, TDMA-50 Hz, and TDMA-217 Hz digital wireless technologies. Small increases in the perpendicular air gap between the phone and the saline surface resulted in a dramatic reduction in interaction, with approximately half of the 208 test runs showing interaction at 1 cm no longer interacting at 2 cm. At a gap of 7.4 cm the percentage of runs with interaction decreased to 1.4%, and the overall interaction rate was less than 0.07% at a perpendicular distance of 8.6 cm.

Cardiovascular and thermal effects of microwave irradiation at 1 and/or 10 GHz in anesthetized rats.

Jauchem JR, Ryan KL, Freidagger MR · 2000

Ketamine-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 1 GHz, 10 GHz, or combined 1 and 10 GHz microwaves at a whole-body specific absorption rate of 12 W/kg. Exposures were conducted in E and H orientations under far-field conditions until lethal temperatures were reached. Survival time was shortest at 1 GHz, intermediate for combined frequencies, and longest at 10 GHz, with most differences statistically significant. Temperature values at most sites for combined exposure fell between those of the single-frequency groups. Arterial blood pressure initially increased then decreased until death, heart rate increased throughout, and patterns were similar across all groups.

Sixteen Wistar albino rats were divided equally into two groups: sham control and exposure groups

Unknown authors · 2000

[Effect of modified SHF and acoustic stimulation on spectral characteristics of the electroencephalograms of the cat brain]

Ivanova VIu, Martynova OV, Aleinik SV, Limarenko AV. · 2000

Researchers studied the effect of modulated electromagnetic fields on brainwave activity in awake cats by recording electroencephalograms from the skin surface in the vertex area using carbon electrodes. In normal cats, brainwave components above 20 Hz predominated, but during electromagnetic field exposure at 980 MHz and a power density of 30–50 microW/cm2, components in the 12–18 Hz range began to prevail instead. A similar redistribution of brainwave power was also seen with acoustic stimulation, and the researchers suggested a common neurophysiological mechanism underlying both effects.

Changes in serum alkaline phosphatase activity during in vitro exposure to amplitude-modulated electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (2375 MHz) in guinea pigs

Pashovkina MS, Akoev IG · 2000

Researchers studied the activity of alkaline phosphatase during exposure to pulse-modulated microwave radiation. The carrier frequency was 2375 MHz with modulation pulse rates of 10-390 Hz, on-off time ratio 2, and specific absorption rates of 8 and 0.8 microW/cm2. At a modulation frequency of 70 Hz, alkaline phosphatase activity increased 1.8-2.0 times. Exposure times were 1 and 3 minutes under continuous temperature control.

The effects of electromagnetic field emitted by GSM phones on working memory.

Koivisto M, Krause CM, Revonsuo A, Laine M, Hamalainen H · 2000

The influence of pulsed radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields of digital GSM mobile phones on working memory in healthy subjects were studied. Memory load was varied from 0 to 3 items in an n-back task, and each subject was tested twice with and without RF exposure at 902 MHz and 217 Hz. The RF field speeded up response times when the memory load was three items, but no effects were observed with lower loads. The results suggest that RF fields have a measurable effect on human cognitive performance and encourage further studies.

Non-thermal heat-shock response to microwaves

de Pomerai D et al. · 2000

Researchers exposed nematode worms (C. elegans) overnight to 750-MHz microwaves at a SAR of 0.001 W/kg and measured levels of heat-shock proteins (HSPs). The worms showed an increase in HSPs following that exposure. The authors argued that the effect on HSPs was non-thermal and suggested that 'current exposure limits for microwave equipment may need to be reconsidered.'

Uteroplacental circulatory disturbance mediated by prostaglandin F(2alpha) in rats exposed to microwaves..

Nakamura H, Nagase H, Ogino K, Hatta K, Matsuzaki I · 2000

Researchers exposed rats to continuous-wave microwaves at 2 mW/cm² and 2450 MHz for 90 minutes and measured uteroplacental blood flow and hormone levels. Colonic temperature did not change significantly in either virgin or pregnant rats. Microwave exposure decreased uteroplacental blood flow and increased progesterone and PGF2α in pregnant rats but not in virgin rats. Pretreatment with angiotensin II prevented these changes in pregnant rats. Corticosterone increased and estradiol decreased during exposure regardless of pregnancy status or angiotensin II pretreatment.