Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed rainbow trout for 40 days and ragworm and Baltic clam for 12 days to a 50 Hz 1 mT electromagnetic field. They measured nuclear abnormalities in trout blood erythrocytes, ragworm coelomocytes, and clam gill cells. Exposure significantly increased micronuclei in trout and ragworm, nuclear buds on filament cells and blebbed nuclei only in clam, and nuclear buds in all species. The frequency of 8-shaped nuclei rose in trout and clam, apoptotic and binucleated cells rose only in clam, and ragworm showed no significant cytotoxic change.
Esmailzadeh S et al. · 2019
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 462 women with infertility and 471 controls between 2014 and 2016. Distance from high voltage power lines (240–400 kV) to each residence was measured using GIS and Google Earth. Women living within 500 meters had an odds ratio of 4.14 (95% CI 2.61 to 6.57) for infertility compared with those living beyond 1000 meters, and the adjusted odds ratio was 4.44 (95% CI 2.77 to 7.11).
Alkis MS, Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Yegin K, Akpolat V · 2019
Researchers exposed rats to 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 2 hours daily over 6 months. Exposure increased oxidative stress markers including TOS, OSI, MDA, and 8-OHdG, while decreasing total antioxidant status. DNA damage measured by comet assay showed higher tail intensities in exposed groups.
Alkis MS, Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Yegin K, Akpolat V · 2019
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone frequencies (900, 1800, and 2100 MHz) for 2 hours daily over 6 months and found significant DNA damage and oxidative stress in testicular tissue. The higher frequencies (1800 and 2100 MHz) caused more severe DNA breaks, while all frequencies increased harmful oxidative markers and decreased protective antioxidants. This suggests prolonged cell phone radiation exposure may damage reproductive tissue at the cellular level.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed fresh adventitious onion roots to continuous electromagnetic fields at 2350 MHz for one, two, or four hours. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberrations, while genotoxicity was assessed via comet assay measuring head DNA, tail DNA, tail moment, and olive tail moment. Mitotic index increased significantly after four hours and chromosomal aberrations increased after two hours or more, while phase index showed no specific changes. Head DNA and tail DNA percentages changed significantly after two and four hours respectively, but tail moment and olive tail moment did not change significantly.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed fresh onion roots to 2100 MHz electromagnetic fields for 1 hour and 4 hours and measured mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, and DNA damage using the comet assay. After 4 hours of exposure, mitotic index and chromosomal aberration percentage increased significantly compared to controls. DNA damage was indicated by a significant decrease in head DNA and increase in tail DNA after 4 hours, while tail moment and olive tail moment did not change significantly. Post-exposure evaluation after 24 hours showed no significant recovery or change.
Alkis MS, Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Yegin K, Akpolat V · 2019
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz frequencies for 2 hours daily over 6 months and found significant DNA damage and oxidative stress in testicular tissue. The higher frequencies (1800 and 2100 MHz) caused the most severe effects, including DNA strand breaks and reduced antioxidant defenses. This suggests prolonged cell phone use may pose reproductive health risks for men.
Said-Salman IH, Jebali FA, Yusef HH, Mustafa ME · 2019
A Wi-Fi router was used as a source of microwaves and bacterial cells were exposed continuously for 24 and 48 hours. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion on Müller Hinton agar, motility of Escherichia coli O157H7 was assessed on motility agar, and metabolic activity and biofilm formation were measured with MTT assay and crystal violet quantification. Exposure altered motility and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157H7, did not change antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermis, and increased metabolic activity and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli O157H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers measured occupational ELF-MF exposure in a power plant using the NIOSH manual. The median magnetic field at working sites was 0.85 µT. They assessed DNA single-strand breaks in 29 male utility workers and 28 male support personnel using the comet assay. Exposed workers showed significantly increased olive length, tail moment, and tail DNA percent. Induction of DNA damage was observed for the exposed workers compared with the controls.
Yahyazadeh A et al. · 2019
Researchers exposed adult male Wistar albino rats to electromagnetic field radiation for 60 minutes per day for 28 days and assessed spinal cords using stereological, biochemical, and histological methods. The electromagnetic field group had fewer motor neurons and higher superoxide dismutase levels than the control group. Thymoquinone treatment increased motor neuron numbers and decreased superoxide dismutase activity compared to the electromagnetic field group.
Yahyazadeh A et al. · 2019
Turkish researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz cell phone radiation for one hour daily over 28 days and found significant damage to spinal cord motor neurons. The study also tested whether thymoquinone, a natural antioxidant compound, could protect against this damage and found it successfully prevented the neurological harm. This suggests cell phone radiation may affect the nervous system beyond just the brain.
Ozdemir E, Demirkazik A, Taskıran AS, Arslan G · 2019
This study investigated the role of serotonin receptors in electromagnetic field (EMF)-induced analgesia in rats exposed to 50 Hz, 5 mT alternating EMF for 15 days. The researchers found that activating 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 serotonin receptors enhanced EMF-induced pain relief, while blocking these receptors reduced it, suggesting these receptors are involved in the analgesic mechanism of EMF exposure.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed 80 adult male rats to ELF-EMFs at 1, 100, 500, and 2000 µT, 50 Hz, 2 hours daily for up to 60 days and immunized them on days 31, 44, and 58. Gene expression of c-Maf, STAT6, and RORα in the thymus did not change significantly at any flux density. In the spleen, RORα and c-Maf expression was significantly downregulated at 1 and 100 µT, while STAT6 expression decreased significantly only at 100 µT. The authors concluded that low magnetic flux densities of ELF-EMFs may reduce expression of these genes in the spleen.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed primary cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells to 50 Hz extremely low frequency-pulsed electromagnetic fields for three days. They measured cell proliferation and apoptosis using ELISA and assessed gene expression of proangiogenic factors using RT-PCR. The exposure did not change cell proliferation or cell death, but it significantly increased the transcript levels of several proangiogenic genes including HIF-1α, VEGFA, VEGFR-2, CTGF, cathepsin D, TIMP-1, E2F3, MMP-2, and MMP-9.
Unknown authors · 2019
Three-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, pseudo-exposed, and EMF groups, with the EMF group receiving a 900-MHz EMF for 1 hour per day for 25 days. Following exposure, behavioral tests were performed for seven days before the animals were euthanized and their brains removed. Brain sections were stained with toluidine blue and pyramidal neuron numbers in CA1, CA2-3, and hilus and granule neuron numbers in the dentate gyrus were estimated using optical fractionation. The EMF group showed statistically higher numbers of both pyramidal and granule neurons than the pseudo-exposed group, and histopathological examination revealed cytoplasmic disruption in those neurons.
Unknown authors · 2019
Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Cheing GL, Pan W. · 2019
Researchers allocated forty Sprague-Dawley rats to four groups, including an STZ-induced dementia group exposed to pulsed EMF at 10 mT and 20 Hz. The Morris water maze was used to assess learning and memory abilities, and IGF-1 and IGF-2 gene expression were measured by quantitative PCR. Mean escape latency was reduced by 66%, swimming distance decreased by 55%, and time for first crossing the platform decreased by 41.6% in the pulsed EMF group compared with the STZ group. IGF-2 gene expression significantly increased in the pulsed EMF group compared with the STZ group.
Unknown authors · 2019
The study aimed to examine microtubule polymerization and structural behavior in brain and sperm of rats exposed to a 50 Hz extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. Twenties adult male rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups, and semen and brain samples were split into four groups for microtubule polymerization analysis. There were no significant differences in testosterone, corticosterone, anxiety behavior, or sperm morphology between groups, but sperm viability, total motility, and progressive motility were significantly higher after exposure. Microtubule polymerization in sperm was significantly higher in the exposed group, and the secondary and tertiary structures of tubulin were significantly affected in both brain and sperm.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) and found unexpected improvements in sperm function and changes to cellular structures called microtubules in both brain and sperm cells. The study suggests that power line frequency EMF can alter the basic building blocks of cells in ways that might affect memory formation and reproductive function.
Lundberg L, Sienkiewicz Z, Anthony DC, Broom KA. · 2019
Researchers exposed male C57BL/6J mice for 30 min to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 580 μT, blue LED light at 700 lux, both, or neither, to test whether power frequency magnetic fields can influence circadian rhythm control. The magnetic fields did not modulate the response to light and had no significant effect on adrenal markers on their own, though they were associated with a decrease in locomotor activity (P < 0.03). Gene expression of cry1 and cry2 in the adrenals, liver, and hippocampus was not affected by any of the exposures (P > 0.05).
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed three groups of rats to 1,800-MHz EMF for 6, 12, or 24 hours daily for 20 days during prenatal development. On postnatal day 60, liver tissue and blood were analyzed for biochemical and histological changes. Exposed groups showed significantly higher malondialdehyde levels and lower glutathione levels compared to controls. Serum calcium, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase were elevated, while liver tissue total oxidant status increased and total antioxidant status decreased. Histology revealed extensive vacuolation and degeneration of hepatocytes, and the authors concluded that intrauterine liver damage persists into puberty.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 1,800-MHz electromagnetic fields (similar to cell phone frequencies) for up to 24 hours daily during pregnancy. When the offspring reached puberty, their livers showed significant damage including cellular degeneration, oxidative stress, and enzyme abnormalities. This suggests that EMF exposure during pregnancy can cause lasting liver damage that persists into adolescence.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 1,800-MHz electromagnetic fields (cell phone frequency) for different durations daily throughout pregnancy. When the offspring reached 60 days old, their livers showed significant damage including increased oxidative stress, reduced antioxidants, elevated liver enzymes, and cellular degeneration. This study demonstrates that EMF exposure during pregnancy can cause lasting liver damage that persists into the offspring's adult life.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a sinusoidal magnetic field (2.45 mT, 50 Hz, continuous) and a pulsed magnetic field (1.5 mT, 25 Hz, 8 h/day). Chronological aging was evaluated during 40 days. Survival was assayed by clonogenic assay and drop test, and cellular stability was studied by spontaneous mutation count and the index of respiratory competence. Pulsed magnetic field exposure accelerated chronological aging and decreased the spontaneous frequency of mitochondrial mutation, but did not alter the index of respiratory competence for either field type.
Nielsen et al · 2019
