Huber R et al. · 2005
Researchers investigated the effects of radio frequency electromagnetic fields similar to those emitted by mobile phones on waking regional cerebral blood flow in 12 healthy young men. Positron emission tomography scans were taken after 30 min unilateral head exposure to pulse-modulated 900 MHz RF EMF, and a sham control condition was also included. Only the 'handset-like' signal, which had stronger low-frequency components, increased relative cerebral blood flow in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the side of exposure; the 'base-station-like' signal did not.
Ozguner M et al. · 2005
Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into a control group and an EMF group exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 30 minutes per day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Testicular weight, biopsy score, and interstitial tissue percentage did not differ significantly between groups. Seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelium height were significantly decreased in the EMF group. Serum testosterone was significantly lower in the EMF group, while LH and FSH did not change significantly.
Curcio G et al. · 2005
Researchers recorded resting EEG from 20 healthy subjects to study the effect of mobile phone EMF on waking brain activity. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups and exposed double-blind to a 902.40 MHz signal modulated at 217 Hz with 0.25 W average power before or during EEG recording. Real exposure influenced alpha band spectral power in some bins compared to baseline and sham, with a greater effect when the EMF was on during recording. The authors concluded that pulsed high-frequency EMF can affect normal brain functioning, but no health effect conclusions were drawn.
Ozguner F et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz EMR radiation for 30 minutes per day over 10 days and measured oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activities. Exposure increased MDA and NO levels and decreased SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities in myocardial tissue. Treatment with CAPE reversed these changes, indicating a protective effect against mobile phone-induced oxidative heart injury.
Yokus B, Cakir DU, Akdag MZ, Sert C, Mete N · 2005
Researchers examined the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (50 Hz, 0.97 mT) on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in rats. Measurements of 8OHdG and TBARS were taken at 50 and 100 days to look for time-dependent changes. The 8OHdG levels of the exposed group were significantly higher than the sham group at both 50 and 100 days (p<0.001). The extent of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation appeared to depend on exposure time.
Markovà E, Hillert L, Malmgren L, Persson BR, Belyaev IY. · 2005
Researchers investigated the effects of GSM microwaves at different carrier frequencies on human lymphocytes from healthy persons and from persons reporting hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields. They measured changes in chromatin conformation and analyzed proteins 53BP1 and gamma-H2AX, which have been shown to colocalize in distinct foci with DNA double-strand breaks. GSM microwaves affected chromatin conformation and 53BP1/gamma-H2AX foci similar to heat shock, and on average the same response was observed in lymphocytes from hypersensitive and healthy subjects.
Preece AW et al. · 2005
Researchers tested 18 children aged 10 to 12 years using a randomized three-way crossover design with exposures of 0, 0.025, or 0.25 W from a Nokia 3110 handset. Baseline reaction times were considerably slower than in adults. There was a tendency for shorter reaction times during exposure, most marked for simple reaction time, but no effects reached statistical significance after Bonferroni correction.
Koyu A, Cesur G, Ozguner F, Akdogan M, Mollaoglu H, Ozen S. · 2005
The study examined effects of 900 MHz EMF on thyroid hormones in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Thirty rats were divided into control, EMF-exposed, and sham-exposed groups of ten each. Exposed rats received 30 minutes of EMF per day, five days a week, for four weeks. TSH and T3-T4 levels were significantly lower in the EMF group than in the sham group (p<0.01). No significant differences were found between control and sham groups (p>0.05).
Unknown authors · 2005
Researchers exposed cultured cells from different tissues to intermittent 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF-EMF for 1-24 hours. They used alkaline and neutral comet assays to assess ELF-EMF-induced DNA strand breaks. The study identified three responder cell types (human fibroblasts, human melanocytes, rat granulosa cells) and three non-responder cell types (human lymphocytes, human monocytes, human skeletal muscle cells).
Unknown authors · 2005
Researchers exposed six different types of human and animal cells to power line frequency electromagnetic fields (50 Hz, 1 milliTesla) for up to 24 hours. They found that three cell types showed DNA damage while three others remained unaffected, demonstrating that EMF sensitivity varies significantly between different tissues and cell types.
Haarala C et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed 32 children aged 10-14 to a 902 MHz GSM mobile phone in active and inactive conditions while they performed cognitive tests. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in reaction times or accuracy between the phone-on and phone-off conditions across all tests. The authors concluded that a standard mobile phone has no effect on children's cognitive function as measured by response speed and accuracy.
Belyaev IY et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed human lymphocytes from healthy subjects and from persons reporting hypersensitivity to electromagnetic field (EMF) to 915 MHz microwaves and 50 Hz magnetic field, then measured chromatin conformation and markers of DNA damage. Both exposures caused significant chromatin condensation, similar to heat shock at 41 °C, but no significant differences were found between hypersensitive and healthy subjects. Neither 915 MHz nor 50 Hz exposure induced 53BP1 foci, and no apoptosis was induced.
Belyaev et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed human immune cells to cell phone radiation (915 MHz) and power line magnetic fields. Both exposures caused cellular stress responses similar to heat shock, affecting how DNA is packaged inside cells. This occurred equally in healthy people and those reporting electromagnetic sensitivity.
Tkalec M, Malaric K, Pevalek-Kozlina B. · 2005
Researchers evaluated duckweed growth and peroxidase activity after exposure in a Gigahertz Transversal Electromagnetic (GTEM) cell to electric fields at frequencies of 400, 900, and 1900 MHz. Plants exposed for 2 h to a 23 V/m field at 900 MHz showed significantly decreased growth compared with the control, while the same field strength at 400 MHz did not have such an effect. Peroxidase activity in exposed plants varied depending on exposure characteristics, with a significant increase of 41% found in plants exposed for 2 h to 41 V/m at 900 MHz.
Lee S et al. · 2005
The study used the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) method to measure genome-wide gene expression changes in cultured human HL-60 cells exposed to pulsed 2.45 GHz RF fields. After a 2-hour exposure, 221 genes showed altered expression, increasing to 759 genes after 6 hours. Apoptosis-related genes were upregulated while cell cycle genes were downregulated, with no significant increase in heat shock genes.
Lee S et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed human blood cells to 2.45 GHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used in WiFi and microwave ovens) and found it altered the activity of hundreds of genes. After just 2 hours, 221 genes changed their expression, increasing to 759 genes after 6 hours. The affected genes were involved in cell death and cell division processes, suggesting biological effects occur through non-heat mechanisms.
Unknown authors · 2005
Researchers exposed cultured human fibroblasts to intermittent 50 Hz ELF-EMF (5 minutes on, 10 minutes off) at 1 mT for 2 to 24 hours. Micronuclei frequency increased in a time-dependent manner, becoming statistically significant after 10 hours and plateauing at roughly three times the basal level after about 15 hours. Chromosomal aberrations were also elevated, reaching up to 10-fold above baseline.
Unknown authors · 2005
Researchers exposed human skin cells to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (like power lines) in an on-off pattern and found significant chromosomal damage. The cells showed three times more micronuclei (broken chromosome fragments) and up to 10 times more chromosomal breaks after 10-15 hours of exposure. This suggests power-frequency EMFs can damage DNA in human cells.
Ozguner F, Oktem F, Ayata A, Koyu A, Yilmaz HR. · 2005
Zeni O et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy volunteers to a 900 MHz GSM signal for 2 hours at SARs of 0.3 and 1 W/kg. DNA damage was assessed with the comet assay, chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges were measured in stimulated lymphocytes, and cell proliferation was evaluated via the mitotic index. No statistically significant differences were observed between exposed and sham-exposed samples for any of these endpoints, while positive controls showed the expected increases in DNA damage.
Kuribayashi M et al. · 2005
Researchers investigated possible effects of 1439 MHz electromagnetic near field exposure on the blood-brain barrier in immature (4 weeks old) and young (10 weeks old) rats. Expression of the three genes was not pathologically changed by EMF at any exposure level or age, and vascular permeability measured with FITC-dextran FD20 was not affected. The findings suggest that local head exposure to 1439 MHz EMF exerts no adverse effects on the BBB in immature and young rats.
Ozguner F et al. · 2005
The study compared the protective effects of melatonin and CAPE against 900 MHz mobile phone radiation-induced renal tubular injury in rats. Exposure increased urinary NAG and renal MDA levels in rats. Both melatonin and CAPE significantly reduced these elevated markers. Melatonin also increased SOD and GSH-Px activities above control levels, while CAPE did not increase these enzymes.
Miyakoshi J et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed human glioma MO54 cells to a continuous wave 1950 MHz RF field at SARs of 1, 2, and 10 W/kg for up to 2 hours. Cell growth was assessed by counting cell numbers up to 4 days after exposure. RF exposure at 2 and 10 W/kg did not affect the growth of MO54 cells. However, exposure at 10 W/kg for 1 and 2 hours significantly decreased the protein level of phosphorylated Hsp27 at serine 78.
Harakawa S et al. · 2005
The effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electric fields (ELF EFs) on plasma lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant activity (AOA) in Sprague–Dawley rats were studied. The test compared rats treated with a combination of the oxidizing agent AAPH and a 50 Hz EF of 17.5 kV/m for 15 min per day for 7 days, as well as AAPH alone, EF alone, or no treatment. EF significantly decreased the plasma peroxide level in rats treated with AAPH, similar to treatment by ascorbic acid or the superoxide dismutase.
Keshvari J, Lang S. · 2005
Researchers used the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computational method to calculate specific absorption rate (SAR) in anatomically correct adult and child head models exposed to a half-wave dipole at 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz. The ear and eye regions were studied because they represent realistic exposure scenarios for mobile wireless communication devices.
