THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CURRENTS OF VERY HIGH FREQUENCY (135,000,000 TO 3,300,000 CYCLES PER SECOND)
J. W. Schereschewsky · 1926
Research on electromagnetic fields from magnetic resonance imaging, combining strong static fields with RF pulses.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) machines represent one of the most intense sources of EMF exposure you'll encounter in medical settings. These diagnostic devices generate powerful static magnetic fields up to 60,000 times stronger than Earth's magnetic field, combined with radiofrequency radiation in the 64-300 MHz range to create detailed images of your body's internal structures. While an MRI scan typically lasts 15-90 minutes, the EMF exposure during this period is extraordinarily high compared to everyday sources.
J. W. Schereschewsky · 1926
Unknown authors
Michael H. Repacholi
Stephen F. Cleary, William T. Ham, Jr.
Unknown authors
Stephen F. Cleary, William T. Ham, Jr.
This technical report by SF Cleary examined the biological effects of microwave radiation exposure, focusing on considerations for proper evaluation methods. The research addressed how to assess health impacts from microwave sources including radar systems. This type of foundational work helped establish frameworks for understanding microwave radiation's effects on living systems.
Unknown authors
Howard E. Clark
Vernon E. Rose et al.
Early standards treated 10 mw/cm2 as a maximum permissible level that should not be exceeded and considered only power density. Later standards introduced time-weighted exposure concepts allowing levels above 10 mw/cm2 for limited durations. The 1966 USASI standard set a protection guide at 10 mw/cm2 averaged over 0.1 hour and used an energy density of 1 mwh/cm2 for shorter periods.
James D. Fahnestock, Ralph W. Logan
Unknown authors
Unknown authors
Unknown authors
Clinton Cox, William E. Murray, Jr., Edward P. Foley, Jr.
Pacific Measurements Inc
Richard A. Tell et al.
Unknown authors
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Unknown authors
Researchers investigated electromagnetic emissions from the human body across the frequency region 10^3 Hz - 2-10^9 Hz using tunable radiometers. They found that the body acts as a purely thermal radiator down to about 10^4 Hz, with radiation temperature equal to body temperature at all tested positions above that frequency. Below 10^4 Hz, emissions exceeded thermal levels and varied with electrode type, location, and muscle state, peaking with coaxial needle electrodes in contracted muscle.
John Roman
Animal experiments have largely been performed using small fur-bearing animals such as mice, rabbits and dogs, but results are difficult to extrapolate to humans. The eye and the testis are the two body organs most seriously affected by heat. Due to overheating, the eye may develop opacities or cataracts, and these are irreversible, while damage to the testis induces temporary sterility.
Unknown authors
Narda Microwave Corporation
JOHN E. BOYSEN
Unknown authors