Hamblin DL, Wood AW, Croft RJ, Stough C. · 2004
Twelve participants completed two sessions one week apart, performing an auditory oddball task during active mobile phone exposure and sham exposure. Each exposure condition lasted one hour and the order was counterbalanced. Real exposure reduced N100 amplitude and latency to non-targets, with larger reductions over midline and right hemisphere sites. Reaction time increased during real exposure, but accuracy did not differ.
Grant H, Heirman D, Kuriger G, Ravindran MM. · 2004
The study investigated electromagnetic interaction between current cell phone technology and specific models of Cyberonics neural stimulators. Out of 1080 test runs conducted, no interactions were observed. The phone technologies examined did not adversely affect the Cyberonics NeuroStar Model 102 NeuroCybernetic Prosthesis System.
Curcio G et al. · 2004
Researchers randomly assigned subjects to two groups exposed to 902.40 MHz EMF either before or during testing sessions. Subjects completed four performance tasks under double-blind conditions while tympanic temperature was measured five times per session. Results showed improved simple and choice reaction times and increased local temperature on the exposed region after at least 25 minutes of exposure.
Charlton SG. · 2004
The experiment compared three types of curve warnings across three different curve types in a driving simulator. All warnings worked reasonably well for severe curves at 45 km/h regardless of cell phone task demands. For less demanding curves, only warnings with a strong perceptual component reduced drivers' curve speeds in the presence of the cell phone task.
Bergamaschi A, Magrini A, Ales G, Coppetta L, Somma G. · 2004
The study aimed to analyze the effects of mobile phone use on thyroid function and evaluate the role of occupational stress. It included 2598 employees with different duties, assessing mobile phone exposure via questionnaire and conversation times. No significant difference in TSH values below 0.4 UI/l was found among workers with different duties, but employees with more than 33 hours per month of conversation time had a significantly greater prevalence of low SH values. The researchers could not determine whether this result was due to EMF exposure or stress.
Berg G, Schuz J, Samkange-Zeeb F, Blettner M. · 2004
Researchers validated self-reported mobile phone use by comparing it with cumulative emitted power measured by software-modified phones used by 45 volunteers for one month. Self-reported call number correlated with cumulative power at 0.50 and call duration at 0.48, each explaining about 23% of the variance in emitted power. Adding confounding factors such as network provider, contract form, and phone model increased explained variance to 26%, while using the phone while driving or in urban or rural areas showed no association with cumulative power.
Barkana Y, Zadok D, Morad Y, Avni I. · 2004
Twenty male and 21 female healthy participants performed a pretest and baseline Esterman visual field examinations with the Humphrey Systems Visual Field Analyzer II. During the consequent third examination, each participant engaged in a hands-free conversation using a cellular phone. During phone conversation, missed points increased significantly in both eyes, fixation loss increased, and test duration per stimulus increased by 15%. Approximately half of missed points were inside the central 30 degrees, and there was no significant difference between male and female participants.
Atchley P, Dressel J. · 2004
Researchers conducted two between-subjects experiments with college undergraduates measuring functional field of view alone and during a hands-free conversational task. The conversational task led to large reductions in the functional field of view in both experiments. The authors suggest this reduction may be an important mechanism for increased crash risk with in-car phone use.
Al-Khlaiwi T, Meo SA. · 2004
Researchers conducted a study in Saudi Arabia with 437 mobile phone users. The results showed an association between mobile phone use and health hazards, with headache at 21.6%, sleep disturbance at 4.%, tension at 3.9%, fatigue at 3%, and dizziness at 2.4%. The authors concluded that mobile phone use is a risk factor for health hazards and recommended avoiding long-term or excessive use through health promotion activities.
Ilhan A et al. · 2004
Researchers investigated the effect of Ginkgo biloba on mobile phone-induced oxidative damage in rat brain tissue. Mobile phone exposure increased malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, xanthine oxidase, and adenosine deaminase while decreasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in brain tissue. Ginkgo biloba treatment prevented these oxidative alterations and the mobile phone-induced cellular injury in brain tissue.
Wilen J et al. · 2004
The study assessed electromagnetic field exposure among RF plastic sealer operators and examined their health status. Measurements showed mean electric field strength of 107 V/m and magnetic field strength of 0.24 A/m, with 11 of 46 sealers exceeding ICNIRP reference levels. RF operators, particularly ready-made clothing workers, had slightly disturbed two-point discrimination ability compared to controls. No significant difference in subjective symptom prevalence was found, but time-integrated exposure was linked to fatigue, headaches, and warmth sensations in the hands. RF operators also had significantly lower heart rate and more bradycardia episodes during 24-hour ECG monitoring.
Vorobyov V, Pesic V, Janac B, Prolic Z. · 2004
Researchers exposed rats repeatedly for three days to low-intensity 915 MHz microwaves modulated at 4 Hz and recorded EEG from the somatosensory cortex. Microwave exposure alone significantly enhanced fast EEG rhythms (18-30 Hz), an effect not seen in sham-exposed or radiation-naïve rats. In microwave-exposed rats, scopolamine did not cause the EEG slowing observed in non-exposed rats, and its effect resembled that of physostigmine in naive animals.
Paulraj R, Behari J · 2004
Protein kinase C activity was measured in whole brain, hippocampus, and whole brain minus hippocampus after exposure. A significant decrease in enzyme level was observed in exposed rats compared to sham-exposed rats.
Mausset-Bonnefont AL et al. · 2004
Researchers used a head-only exposure device to expose rats to 900-MHz pulsed microwaves at 6 W/kg for 15 minutes. The exposure induced a strong glial reaction in the brain, particularly in the striatum. Significant immediate effects were observed on the Kd and Bmax values of NMDA and GABA(A) receptors and on dopamine transporters, along with a decrease in NMDA receptors at the postsynaptic membrane. General locomotor behavior was not significantly altered in the short term.
Lai H. · 2004
Microwave-exposed rats had a significant deficit in learning the platform location compared with sham-exposed rats. Noise exposure alone did not affect performance, but simultaneous noise exposure significantly reduced the microwave-induced learning deficit. In the probe trial, microwave-exposed rats spent less time in the target quadrant, whereas microwave-plus-noise rats performed like sham rats.
Hinrikus H, Parts M, Lass J, Tuulik V. · 2004
Twenty healthy volunteers were exposed to 450 MHz microwaves with 7 Hz on-off modulation, with a field power density of 0.16 mW/cm2 at the scalp. The study focused on the effect of low level microwave radiation on human EEG alpha and theta rhythms. Microwave and photic exposure did not cause statistically significant changes in EEG activity for the whole group, though changes varied strongly from subject to subject.
Cassel JC, Cosquer B, Galani R, Kuster N. · 2004
Rats were tested in a 12-arm radial-maze after daily exposure to 2.45 GHz microwaves for 45 minutes at a SAR of 0.6 W/kg. The performance of exposed rats was comparable to that found in sham-exposed or in naive rats.
Anderson LE et al. · 2004
Researchers set out to determine whether long-term exposure to a 1.6 GHz radiofrequency field would affect cancer incidence in Fischer 344 rats. Offspring were exposed to near-field radiofrequency signals at brain SAR levels of 1.6 W/kg or 0.16 W/kg for 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, from about 36 days old until they were 2 years old. No statistically significant differences were found among treatment groups for neoplastic lesions or other clinical signs.
Lee BC et al. · 2004
Researchers investigated whether a 60 Hz magnetic field could affect the antioxidant defense system in mouse brain by measuring chemiluminescence and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in brain homogenates. A chemiluminescence measure linked to oxidative stress was significantly increased in mice exposed to 60 Hz, 12 G for 3 hours compared to the sham-exposed control group. Brain SOD activity was also significantly increased in the exposed group. The researchers suggest these results indicate the field could deteriorate the antioxidant defensive system through reactive oxygen species other than superoxide radicals.
Lai H, Singh NP · 2004
Researchers investigated how magnetic field exposure affected brain cell DNA in rats. Exposure to a 60-Hz magnetic field at 0.01 mT for 24 hours caused a significant increase in DNA single- and double-strand breaks, and prolonging the exposure to 48 hours caused a larger increase. Acute magnetic field exposure also increased apoptosis and necrosis of brain cells in the rat.
Unknown authors · 2003
Researchers restrained rats within the bore of 7 or 14 T superconducting magnets for variable durations and assessed behavioral effects by scoring locomotor activity after release and measuring conditioned taste aversion acquisition after pairing a glucose and saccharin solution with magnetic field exposure. Magnetic field exposure at either 7 or 14 T suppressed rearing and induced tight circling. The direction of circling depended on the rat's orientation: head-up exposure produced counterclockwise circling while head-down exposure produced clockwise circling. Conditioned taste aversion was induced after three pairings with 30 minutes of 7 T exposure or after a single pairing with 1 minute of 14 T exposure.
Unknown authors · 2003
The study investigated electrosensibility in 708 adults aged 17 to 60 years using perception thresholds to 50 Hz electric currents. Analysis of perception threshold distributions revealed a subgroup with significantly increased electrosensibility that could be differentiated from the general population. The variation in electrosensibility was significantly larger than estimated by nonionizing radiation protection bodies but much smaller than claimed by hypersensitivity self-aid groups. The investigation method presented is capable of exclusion diagnostics for persons suffering from the hypersensitivity syndrome.
Unknown authors · 2003
The study evaluated associations between suicide and occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields, pesticides, and hydrocarbon solvents. It used 11,707 suicide deaths and 132,771 controls from U.S. death certificates for 1991 and 1992. Exposure was assigned based on job title on the death certificates. Electromagnetic fields and pesticides showed weak associations with suicide risk, while hydrocarbon solvents showed little evidence of increased risk. The electromagnetic field association was highest for ages 20 to 35 (OR = 1.5) and the pesticide association was highest for ages 35 to 49 (OR = 1.5).
Unknown authors · 2003
The study examined a cohort of 537,692 men and 180,529 women in the Swedish engineering industry. Exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields was assessed using a job exposure matrix with four levels. Alzheimer's disease risk increased with exposure, reaching a relative risk of 4.0 (95% CI 1.4-11.7) in the highest exposure group. ALS showed a relative risk of 2.2 (95% CI 1.0-4.7) in the highest exposure group with a suggested exposure-response relationship. No increased risk was found for Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis.
Unknown authors · 2003
The study included all economically active individuals in the Swedish 1980 census (4,812,646 subjects) and followed them for neurodegenerative disease mortality from 1981 through 1995. A job-exposure matrix based on magnetic field measurements was used to assess EMF exposure. Men exposed in both 1970 and 1980 had an increased Alzheimer's disease mortality risk (relative risk 2.3 for exposure >/=0.5 microT). The association was strongest for early-onset Alzheimer's disease or with 10-year follow-up after last occupation. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was not linked to EMF exposure, but electrical and electronics work showed a risk estimate of 1.4.
