Unknown authors
Animals were irradiated at 30 to 40 mW/g until rectal temperature reached 42.5 to 43.0 °C, then temperatures were recorded for over three hours. At baseline, cortical and hypothalamic temperatures were significantly lower than rectal temperatures in all three species. After heating, cortical temperature fleetingly exceeded rectal temperature in all species, while hypothalamic temperature exceeded rectal temperature only in rabbits. Brain temperatures fell rapidly in the first minute after exposure while rectal temperature declined much more slowly.
Unknown authors
Unknown authors
Researchers exposed paired frog sciatic nerves treated with ouabain to microwaves at a specific absorption rate of 10 W/kg while stimulating at 50 pulse pairs per second. At 50 ppps, ouabain reduced the half-decay time from about two hours to under 30 minutes, and microwave exposure caused no significant further shortening. At a lower stimulation rate of 5 ppps, half-decay times returned to near two hours and again showed no significant difference between exposed and unexposed nerves. The authors suggested that microwave effects on nerve vitality are associated with decay of ionic gradients normally maintained by active transport.
Unknown authors
Unknown authors
The optic chiasm was removed from two groups of 14-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats, one exposed to a 60 Hz 20 kV/m electric field from birth and the other sham-exposed under field-free conditions. The chiasms were sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and coded for blind analysis. Myelin sheath area was measured using a light microscope and a Zeiss MOP-2 Digitizer, and group means were compared with a two-tailed t-test.
N. N. Goncharova, V. B. Karamyshev, N. V. Maksimenko
The paper examines occupational hygiene and effects of ultrashort wave electromagnetic fields on TV and radio station employees. Physiological investigations at workplaces found that operators servicing ultrashort wave transmitters exhibit functional changes in cardiovascular and central nervous systems during the day. The high-frequency electromagnetic field of considerable intensity was identified as an especially unfavorable factor. Protective and prophylactic measures are needed to improve work conditions.
Clyde E. Ingalls
Experiments showed that radar transmitters operating at 1, 3, and 10 k Mc/sec could be heard. The hearing occurred without using the ear, as window screening blocked the sound but placing the ear through a hole in the screen did not restore it, while only a spot on the head above the forehead allowed perception. The author concluded that neither air nor bone conduction explains the effect and that direct nervous system involvement is more likely.
Sheldon S. Sandler, Glenn S. Smith, Ernest N. Albert
Researchers exposed freshly dissected bullfrog spinal cord and brainstem tissue to a pulsed electric field of 1.3 × 10⁶ V/m for about 25 ms (six pulses). The pulse design produced a high electric-field intensity while keeping the estimated temperature rise to 0.001 °C per pulse, making thermal heating negligible. Light microscopy of thionin- and hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections revealed no gross histological alterations in large motor neurons of exposed tissue compared with controls. Exposed neurons showed no signs of eccentric nuclei, vacuolation, or hypochromasia of the cytoplasm.
Unknown authors
Researchers exposed rats to 1.3 GHz pulse-modulated microwave radiation for 3 hours daily over 2-3 weeks at SARs ranging from 0 to 2.6 mW/g. After exposure, they measured the time to loss of righting reflex following barbital injection and found no significant differences between exposed and control rats at SARs of 0.42, 0.96, and 2.6 mW/g. In a separate experiment, rats exposed at 2.6 mW/g for two weeks were injected with dopamine and tested on an open field; although defecation was more frequent in exposed rats, no significant differences in motor activity were observed.
Unknown authors
Researchers compared threshold values for magnetophosphenes and electrophosphenes in ten visually normal volunteers using magnetic flux densities up to 40 mT and electric currents up to 0.3 mA at frequencies from 10 to 50 Hz. Thresholds were measured at a retinal luminance of 3 cd/m2 under both broad-spectrum and 572 nm background illumination. The threshold curves were nearly identical up to about 20 Hz but diverged at higher frequencies. Magnetophosphene thresholds showed a local sensitivity minimum at 30-35 Hz that was not present in electrophosphene thresholds at any of three electrode sites.
Unknown authors
Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats averaging 293.7 grams were randomly assigned to three groups. Two groups were exposed to continuous wave microwave energy at 1200 mHz, one at 50 µW/cm² and the other at 125 µW/cm², while a third group received sham exposure. All rats were tested once a day for eight days using a double-blind procedure, and gnawing time, licking time, and total tail pinch time were recorded. Exposed rats showed significantly different response patterns from sham-exposed rats, while the exposed groups responded similarly.
Unknown authors
Evans blue dye was injected either intracarotidally or intravenously to detect barrier opening. Microwave exposure produced no Evans blue staining in the brain except in the pineal body, pituitary gland, and choroid plexus, which lack a barrier. One brain exposed to 5 mW/cm2 and another brain exposed to 40 mW/cm2 showed unilateral hemispherical staining in several brain regions after intracarotid dye injection.
Unknown authors
Researchers exposed groups of hooded rats to a 918-MHz microwave field at 60 mW/g and tested escape learning under four conditions. Escape was reinforced by immediate cessation of radiation when the rat entered a safe area, while a control group received faradic shock cessation. Rats given foot shock learned to escape rapidly, and rats with microwave cessation paired with a light cue also learned but more slowly. Rats exposed to microwave alone showed weak learning after 15 trials but did not differ statistically from rats that received only light cessation.
Unknown authors
Unknown authors
The study uses a variant of the Method of Constant Stimuli to map the psychophysical function for 60 Hz electric field detection in rats. The exposure apparatus includes three horizontally mounted aluminum plates with a conditioning chamber centered on the middle plate. A high-voltage supply adjustable from 0 to 60 kV RMS and a PDP8/A minicomputer control the experiment.
Unknown authors
Unknown authors
Unknown authors
Unknown authors
Unknown authors
Researchers exposed eight pregnant rats to 500 uW/cm² 2450 MHz microwaves for 20 hours a day during the first 19 days of gestation. Exposed litters had seven times more neonatal deaths than controls, and pups weighed less on day 7 and opened their eyes one day later. Prenatally exposed females showed accelerated growth between 40 and 60 days of age and maintained a 10% higher body weight into adulthood.
Unknown authors
Researchers exposed eight pregnant rats to 2450-MHz microwaves at 500 μW/cm² for 20 hours daily during the first 19 days of gestation, which reduced the dams' percentage body weight gain compared to sham-exposed controls. During the first week of life, prenatally exposed offspring had a sevenfold higher mortality, lower body weights, and delayed eye opening compared to controls. Exposed female offspring showed accelerated growth after weaning, and as adults they exhibited more avoidance responses in a shuttlebox test and a disrupted colonic temperature rhythm.
Unknown authors
Victor T. Tomberg
Vogt, A.
Kenneth J. Oscar, T. Daryl Hawkins
Permeability increases were also seen for inulin but not for dextran, and the effect was present immediately and at 4 hours but not at 24 hours after exposure. The magnitude of permeability change depended on microwave modulation, with differences between pulsed and continuous-wave exposures at the same average power density and between different pulse characteristics.
