J. F. Herrick, F. H. Krusen · 1953
This 1953 study by Herrick and Krusen examined how microwave radiation affects animal physiology and causes tissue damage, focusing on heating effects and blood flow changes. The research explored both therapeutic applications in diathermy treatment and potential harmful effects from microwave exposure. This early work helped establish the foundation for understanding how microwave energy interacts with biological tissues.
H. F. Cook · 1952
This 1952 study measured how microwave frequencies (1.7 to 24 billion cycles per second) interact with water and human blood. Researchers found that blood's electrical properties are primarily determined by its water content, and that microwaves affect blood the same way they affect pure water.
М. А. Качковский · 1952
This 1952 Soviet study examined how ultra-high frequency (UHF) electromagnetic fields affected human skin and blood vessel responses. The research focused on measuring changes in skin reactivity and blood vessel function when people were exposed to UHF radiation. This represents some of the earliest documented research into how radiofrequency fields interact with human circulatory and skin systems.
Barbara F. Randall, C. J. Imig, M. H. Hines · 1952
This 1952 study examined how various physical therapies affected blood flow in dogs using electromagnetic blood flow meters. Researchers tested massage, electrical stimulation, passive stretching, and heat application on normal, denervated, and spastic limbs. The study helped establish electromagnetic measurement techniques that would later become important for understanding how electromagnetic fields interact with biological systems.
Albert DE LOZ · 1951
This 1951 French study examined how high-frequency electromagnetic waves, including microwaves and short waves, influenced cholesterol levels in humans. The research explored potential therapeutic applications of electromagnetic fields for treating high cholesterol, representing early investigation into EMF effects on metabolic processes.
George Smith · 1950
This 1950 study by George Smith examined how diathermy currents (radiofrequency energy used for medical heating) interact with metal implants placed in the body wall. The research focused on understanding potential heating effects and safety concerns when RF energy encounters metallic medical devices. This represents early recognition that electromagnetic fields can create unique risks for people with implanted metals.
Bruce B. Grynbaum, Raymond S. Megibow, William Bierman · 1950
Researchers in 1950 used a specialized blood flow measuring device to study how short wave diathermy (a form of radiofrequency heating used in physical therapy) affects circulation in human fingers. They tested 10 healthy people to settle debates about whether this RF heating treatment actually improves blood flow in extremities.
Grynbaum BB, Megibow RS, Bierman W · 1950
Researchers in 1950 used a sensitive microplethysmograph device to measure blood circulation in fingers of 10 healthy people during short wave diathermy (radiofrequency heating) treatments. This early study aimed to settle debates about whether RF heating affects blood flow in extremities. The research represents one of the first attempts to precisely measure how radiofrequency energy impacts human circulation.
John W. Clark · 1950
This 1950 study exposed animals to intense microwave radiation and found definite damage to eyes and testicles. Researchers determined that 10-centimeter wavelengths (3 GHz frequency) were most dangerous, with effects caused by elevated temperatures from microwave absorption in tissues.
J. W. Clark · 1950
This 1950 study exposed laboratory animals to intense 10-centimeter microwave radiation at various power levels and distances. Researchers found that this specific wavelength caused eye damage, lens clouding, behavioral changes, increased body temperature, and death in test animals. The effects were attributed to thermal heating from radiation absorption.
Alfred W. Richardson et al. · 1950
This 1950 study examined how microwave radiation affects blood flow and tissue temperature in dogs. Researchers found that microwaves effectively heated muscle tissue and increased blood flow in peripheral structures, while short wave diathermy showed mixed results. The research helped establish early understanding of how electromagnetic fields interact with biological tissues.
Joseph P. Engel et al. · 1950
This 1950 study by Joseph Engel examined how microwave radiation affects bone, bone marrow, and surrounding tissues in laboratory animals. The research focused on microwave diathermy effects and tissue temperature changes. This represents some of the earliest scientific investigation into how microwave energy interacts with skeletal and blood-forming tissues.
Ira Gore, Norman H. Isaacson · 1949
This 1949 autopsy study examined 17 patients who died from hyperpyrexia (extremely high fever) during fever therapy, a medical treatment once used for conditions like syphilis. Researchers documented the pathological changes that occurred when body temperature reached dangerous levels, providing insights into how extreme heat affects human tissues and organs.
Gersten JW, Wakim KG, Herrick JF, Krusen FH · 1949
This 1949 study examined how microwave radiation affects blood circulation and tissue temperature in humans for therapeutic applications. The research was conducted during the early development of magnetron technology, which could generate high-power microwaves in the 300 to 300,000 megacycle frequency range. The study represents one of the earliest investigations into how microwave energy interacts with human tissue.
Herman J. Flax, Ruth N. Miller, Steven M. Horvath · 1949
This 1949 study examined how shortwave diathermy (a medical heating device using radio frequencies) affected blood circulation in human legs. Researchers found conflicting results - some studies showed decreased blood flow despite tissue heating of 4 degrees Celsius, while others reported 69% increases in circulation. The controversy highlighted early concerns about RF energy's unpredictable effects on blood vessels.
Gersten JW, Wakim KG, Herrick JF, Krusen FH · 1949
This 1949 study examined how microwave radiation affects blood circulation and tissue temperature in humans. The research was conducted during the early development of microwave technology, when scientists were exploring therapeutic applications using magnetron oscillators that could generate focused microwave energy.
Gersten JW, Wakim KG, Herrick JF, Krusen FH · 1949
This 1949 study examined how microwave radiation affects blood circulation and tissue temperature in humans, marking early research into microwave therapeutic applications. The researchers explored microwaves in the 300 to 300,000 megacycle frequency range using newly developed magnetron technology originally created for military radar systems. This represents some of the first documented human exposure to controlled microwave radiation for medical purposes.
Lawrence L. Siems, A. J. Kosman, Stafford L. Osborne · 1948
This 1948 study compared how microwave versus shortwave diathermy (medical heating devices) affected blood flow in dog arteries. Researchers found that microwave heating increased blood flow while shortwave heating either had no effect or actually decreased it, challenging the assumption that all forms of heating improve circulation equally.
Ralph E. Worden et al. · 1948
This 1948 study examined how microwave radiation heats living tissue under normal blood flow conditions versus when blood circulation is blocked (ischemia). Researchers found that microwaves produce significant tissue heating and investigated optimal exposure durations for therapeutic applications.
Charles S. Wise · 1948
This 1948 study measured blood flow changes in human forearms during radiofrequency diathermy treatment using plethysmographic recordings. The research challenged earlier findings that suggested RF heating decreased blood flow, instead confirming that tissue heating increases circulation as expected from basic physiology.
C. R. KEMP, W. D. PAUL, H. M. HINES · 1948
This 1948 study investigated how diathermy (radiofrequency heat therapy) affects blood flow in deep body tissues. Researchers measured temperature changes and circulation responses when tissues were heated with RF energy. The study aimed to understand whether tissue heating depends more on inadequate blood flow or excessive heat application rates.
Rajewsky, V., Schwan, H. · 1948
This 1948 research by Bajevsky measured how human blood responds to ultra-high frequency electromagnetic radiation by studying its dielectric properties and electrical conductivity. The study examined how blood tissue interacts with radiofrequency fields, providing early data on how biological materials behave when exposed to EMF. This foundational work helped establish baseline measurements for understanding how electromagnetic energy interacts with human tissue.
KHALIL G. WAKIM et al. · 1948
This 1948 study examined how short wave diathermy (a medical heating treatment using radio frequency radiation) affects blood circulation in both dogs and humans. Researchers used plethysmographic measurements to determine whether this therapeutic RF exposure increases or decreases blood flow in the extremities.
H. Schwan · 1948
This 1948 research by Schwan examined how temperature affects the dielectric properties of human blood when exposed to low-frequency electromagnetic fields. The study investigated how blood's electrical characteristics change with temperature variations, providing foundational data for understanding how EMF interacts with biological tissues. This early work helped establish the scientific basis for measuring electromagnetic effects in living systems.
Hermann Schwan · 1948
This 1948 study by Hermann Schwan examined how temperature affects blood's dielectric properties when exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (10-1000 meter wavelengths). The research found that blood's dielectric constant remains stable across different temperatures, indicating that electromagnetic field interactions with blood depend on its cellular structure rather than thermal effects.
