EMF Research Studies

Oxidative damage in the liver and brain of the rats exposed to frequency-dependent radiofrequency electromagnetic exposure: Biochemical and histopathological evidence

Unknown authors · 2021

Hippocampal Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Rats: A Randomized Control Trial

Unknown authors · 2021

Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: moderate aerobic exercise, exposure to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves for 3 hours per day, combined exercise and exposure, or exposure to an experimental phone without battery. Hippocampal dead cell count was significantly higher in the radiation-only group compared to the exercise, combined, and control groups. Malondialdehyde concentration was significantly higher in the radiation-only group than in the exercise, combined, and control groups. The activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase was significantly higher in the exercise, combined, and control groups compared to the radiation-only group.

The Effect of Mobile Radiation on the Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Pregnant Mice

Unknown authors · 2021

Twenty-one pregnant mice were divided into three groups: control, mobile radiation-exposed, and mobile radiation plus vitamin C at 200 mg/kg. The exposure groups received 900 MHz radiation at 2 watts and a power density of 0.045 μw /cm2 for eight hours per day over ten consecutive days. After five days of rest, blood levels of MDA, 8-OHdG, and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Radiation exposure significantly increased MDA and 8-OHdG and decreased total antioxidant capacity, while vitamin C inhibited the increases in MDA and 8-OHdG.

Effects of 1800 MHz radiofrequency fields on signal transduction and antioxidant proteins in human A172 glioblastoma cells

Unknown authors · 2021

Researchers exposed human A172 glioblastoma cells to 1800 MHz continuous-wave or GSM-modulated RF fields at 2.0 W/kg for 5, 30, or 240 minutes with or without serum. They measured phosphorylated and total signal transduction proteins and antioxidant proteins using multiplex bead arrays. In serum-containing cultures, continuous-wave exposure decreased CAT expression after 30 minutes, total JNK at 30 and 240 minutes, STAT3 after 240 minutes, and phosphorylated CREB after 30 minutes. In serum-free cultures, GSM-modulated exposure decreased total STAT5 after 30 and 240 minutes. The authors concluded that the observed changes were sporadic across conditions and likely false positives, with no consistent evidence of changes in antioxidant or signal transduction proteins.

Effects of Low-Intensity Microwave Radiation on Oxidant-Antioxidant Parameters and DNA Damage in the Liver of Rats

Unknown authors · 2021

Eighteen Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups of six each. Two groups were exposed to 1800 MHz or 2100 MHz microwave radiation for 2 hours per day over 7 months, while a third group served as sham control. After exposure, liver tissue was analyzed for DNA damage, malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and total oxidant-antioxidant parameters. Both exposure frequencies significantly increased MDA, 8-OHdG, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, and comet assay tail intensity, while decreasing total antioxidant status.

Hepatic injury induced by radio frequency waves emitted from conventional Wi-Fi devices in Wistar rats

Hepatic injury induced by radio frequency waves emitted from conventional Wi-Fi devices in Wistar ratsH M Fahmy et al. · 2020

Researchers exposed Wistar female rats to a standard 2.45 GHz radio frequency source with an averaged whole-body specific absorption rate of 0.01 W kg−1 24 h−1 daily for 40 consecutive days. The rats were randomly divided into control and Wi-Fi–exposed groups. Liver samples were evaluated for oxidative stress parameters, transaminase levels, molecular structure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, histopathology, and ultrastructure. Exposure led to severe oxidative stress, deleterious effects on liver function, altered molecular structure, and severe histological and ultrastructural alterations indicating hepatotoxic effects.

Extremely low- frequency electromagnetic fields increase the expression of anagen-related molecules in human dermal papilla cells via GSK-3β/ERK/Akt signaling pathway

Unknown authors · 2020

. Effects of pulse-modulated radiofrequency magnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and electron chain transport function in human neuroblastoma and murine microglial cells

Unknown authors · 2020

Researchers exposed N9 microglial and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to ELF-modulated 935 MHz RF-EMF at 4 W/kg for 2 and 24 hours. Exposure for 24 hours increased the autophagy marker ATG5, but did not change LC3B-I, LC3B-II, or pERK in either cell type. A transient increase in glutathione was observed only in SH-SY5Y cells, while hydrogen peroxide and cytochrome c oxidase were unaffected. Apoptosis, living cell number, and apoptosis-inducing factor were not altered by exposure at either duration.

Effect of mobile phone radiation on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and contextual fear memory in Wistar rat

Unknown authors · 2020

Researchers exposed young adult male Wistar rats to mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic field radiation at 1966.1 MHz, 4.0 mW/cm2, and 0.36 W/kg for 2 hours per day over 16 weeks. Another set of animals was kept under similar conditions without radiation exposure as controls. At the end of the exposure period, the rats were tested for fear memory and then euthanized to measure hippocampal oxidative stress, circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and stress hormones. Exposed rats showed significantly increased hippocampal oxidative stress, elevated levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, increased adrenal gland weight, and higher levels of ACTH and corticosterone. However, changes in contextual fear memory were not statistically significant.

Protective Effects of Zinc on 2.45 GHz Electromagnetic Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in HEK293 Cells

Unknown authors · 2020

Impact of Cerebral Radiofrequency Exposures on Oxidative Stress and Corticosterone in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Unknown authors · 2020

Assessment of function, histopathological changes, and oxidative stress in liver tissue due to ionizing and non-ionizing radiations

Unknown authors · 2020

Researchers randomly divided 120 Wistar rats into ten groups of 12 and exposed them to RF-EMF, 10 cGy x-rays, 8 Gy x-rays, combinations of these, or sham exposure. They measured liver enzymes in serum, as well as histopathological changes and oxidative stress markers including MDA, nitric oxide, antioxidant power, total thiols, and PCO. Gamma-glutamyltransferase was not associated with irradiation, but aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase showed some association. MDA and PCO levels increased after 8 Gy irradiation, but pre-exposure to RF-EMF modulated these changes, and lobular inflammation frequency was associated with the intervention type.

(2019) Towards predicting intracellular radiofrequency radiation effects

Nielsen et al · 2019

Mechanistically, HiSMF markedly blocked the expression of osteoclast-associated transcription factors and osteoclast marker genes and inhibited iron absorption and iron storage-related protein expression

Dong D et al. · 2019

Researchers used a 16 T high static magnetic field generated from a superconducting magnet. They measured osteoclast formation, bone resorption, acting ring formation, messenger ribonucleic acid expression, and protein expression, as well as iron levels, mitochondrial protein, adenosine triphosphate, reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde, and glutathione. The high static magnetic field significantly inhibited osteoclastic formation and resorption ability and reduced cellular iron content, and decreased mitochondrial concentration and oxidative stress levels. Mechanistically, the high static magnetic field markedly blocked the expression of osteoclast-associated transcription factors and osteoclast marker genes and inhibited iron absorption and iron storage-related protein expression.

Human Gingival Fibroblasts Exposed to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields: In Vitro Model of Wound-Healing Improvement

Unknown authors · 2019

Exposure to each field increased early expression of IL-6, TGF-β, and iNOS and later induced MMP-2, MCP-1, and HO-1, which quickened wound healing. Electromagnetic field exposure also influenced the proliferation, migration, and metabolism of the fibroblasts compared with sham-exposed cells.

Treatment of common sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) seeds with radio-frequency electromagnetic field and cold plasma induces changes in seed phytohormone balance, seedling development and leaf protein expression

Mildažienė V et al. · 2019

Cold plasma for 7 minutes and electromagnetic field for 15 minutes caused 19–24% faster germination in vitro and resulted in higher leaf weight for the electromagnetic field treatment. In substrate, vacuum and 15-minute electromagnetic field accelerated germination by 9% and 17% respectively. Vacuum decreased zeatin by 39%, cold plasma increased gibberellin content, and electromagnetic field reduced abscisic acid by 55–60%. Short exposures to electromagnetic field or cold plasma induced similar long-term changes in leaf protein expression, mainly stimulating photosynthetic proteins.

Prenatal Effects of a 1,800-MHz Electromagnetic Field on Rat Livers

Unknown authors · 2019

Researchers exposed three groups of rats to 1,800-MHz EMF for 6, 12, or 24 hours daily for 20 days during prenatal development. On postnatal day 60, liver tissue and blood were analyzed for biochemical and histological changes. Exposed groups showed significantly higher malondialdehyde levels and lower glutathione levels compared to controls. Serum calcium, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase were elevated, while liver tissue total oxidant status increased and total antioxidant status decreased. Histology revealed extensive vacuolation and degeneration of hepatocytes, and the authors concluded that intrauterine liver damage persists into puberty.

The impact of exposure of diabetic rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation emitted from mobile phone antenna on hepatic oxidative stress

Unknown authors · 2019

Researchers exposed type 2 diabetic rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation from a GSM antenna for 24 hours per day over 28 days. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of twelve: control rats, normal rats exposed to radiation, diabetic rats, and diabetic rats exposed to radiation. Radiation exposure nonsignificantly reduced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in diabetic rats compared to unexposed diabetic rats. Radiation exposure increased hepatic malondialdehyde and Nrf-2 levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities but decreased phosphorylated Akt-2 in diabetic rats.

Microwaves from mobile phone induce reactive oxygen species but not DNA damage, preleukemic fusion genes and apoptosis in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells

Unknown authors · 2019

No persistent differences in DNA damage, preleukemic fusion genes, or apoptosis were found between exposed and sham-exposed samples. A transient increase in reactive oxygen species appeared after one hour of UMTS exposure but was not evident three hours later. The reactive oxygen species rise was greater with higher cellular differentiation.

The Effects of Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on β-Amyloid-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human and Rat Primary Astrocytes.

Tsoy A et al. · 2019

Weak magnetic fields alter stem cell-mediated growth.

Van Huizen AV et al. · 2019

Researchers used the planarian regeneration model to study weak magnetic field effects. Weak magnetic fields altered stem cell proliferation and differentiation through changes in ROS accumulation and Hsp70 expression. The field strength determined whether weak magnetic fields increased or decreased new tissue formation.

Effect of 900-, 1800-, and 2100-MHz radiofrequency radiation on DNA and oxidative stress in brain

Alkis ME et al. · 2019

Researchers exposed male Sprague Dawley rats to radiofrequency radiation at 900, 1800, or 2100 MHz for 2 hours per day for 6 months to study DNA damage and oxidative stress in blood and brain tissue. DNA damage and oxidative stress indicators were found higher in the radiofrequency radiation exposure groups than in the sham-control group. The researchers concluded that 900-, 1800-, and 2100-MHz radiofrequency radiation may cause oxidative damage, induce an increase in lipid peroxidation, and increase oxidative DNA damage in the frontal lobe of rat brain tissues, and that 2100-MHz radiation may cause formation of DNA single-strand breaks.

Long - term exposure of cockroach Blaptica dubia (Insecta: Blaberidae) nymphs to magnetic fields of different characteristics: Effects on antioxidant biomarkers and nymphal gut mass.

Todorović D et al. · 2019

Researchers exposed one-month-old cockroach Blaptica dubia nymphs to magnetic fields for 5 months across three groups: a control group, a static magnetic field (SMF) group at 110 mT, and an extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) group at 50 Hz and 10 mT. Gut masses were significantly lower in both magnetic field groups compared to the control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were markedly higher than in the control, while glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were significantly lower in both magnetic field groups. The applied magnetic fields were considered a potential stressor influencing gut mass and the examined antioxidant biomarkers.

High-voltage electrostatic field-induced oxidative stress: Characterization of the physiological effects in Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) across multiple generations.

Luo K, Luo C, Li G, Yao X, Gao R, Hu Z, Zhang G, Zhao H. · 2019

Researchers studied how a high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) affected antioxidant enzyme activity and metabolic rate in the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae over multiple generations. Direct exposure of aphids and wheat seeds to a 2- or 4-kV/cm HVEF for 20 minutes resulted in significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the sixth, 11th, 16th, and 21st generations, but significantly decreased SOD activity in the second generation. Catalase and peroxidase activities showed significant decreases across multiple generations, and exposure to the 4-kV/cm HVEF for 20 min also significantly decreased the aphids' metabolic rates.

Biochemical and biomolecular effects induced by a static magnetic field in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Evidence for oxidative stress.

Kthiri A, Hidouri S, Wiem T, Jeridi R, Sheehan D, Landouls A · 2019

Researchers investigated whether an applied static magnetic field could induce biological effects on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and probed biochemical and biomolecular responses. There was a decrease in growth and viability under SMF, with a significant decrease in colony forming units after 6 hours, followed by an increase between 6 and 9 hours. SOD and catalase activities increased in magnetized cultures after 9 hours compared with unexposed samples, while glutathione peroxidase activity decreased. SMF caused an increase in MDA levels as well as the content of protein carbonyl groups after 6 and 9 hours of exposure.