Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.
Showing 505 studies in Reproductive Health
Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Ulukaya E, Uzunlar AK, Yegin D. · 2008
Apoptosis was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for cleaved caspase-3 in testicular tissue. The exposed group showed no statistically significant difference in apoptosis scores compared to sham and cage control groups.
Yilmaz F, Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Kilinc N · 2008
Researchers investigated anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein in rat brain and testes after whole-body exposure to 900 MHz cellular phone radiation. The results showed that 20 minutes of radiation did not alter bcl-2 protein in the brain and testes of rats. The study used two groups of eight Sprague-Dawley rats each, with the experimental group exposed to phones in speech condition for 20 minutes per day for one month and the sham group exposed to turned-off phones. The authors speculated that bcl-2 may not be involved in radiation effects on the brain and testes of rats.
Rezk AY, Abdulqawi K, Mustafa RM, Abo El-Azm TM, Al-Inany H · 2008
Researchers enrolled 90 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies and 30 full-term newborns for the study. Pregnant women were exposed to mobile phone electromagnetic fields in dialing mode for 10 minutes, and fetal and neonatal heart rate and cardiac output were measured. Exposure significantly increased fetal and neonatal heart rate and decreased stroke volume and cardiac output, with these changes becoming less pronounced at higher gestational ages.
Nagaoka T, Saito K, Takahashi M, Ito K, Watanabe S. · 2008
The paper outlines the development of pregnant woman models adjusted to reference physiological characteristics for gestation ages of 13, 18, and 26 weeks. The models are composed of voxels of 2 x 2 x 2 mm³ and include 56 tissue types. Basic specific absorption rate (SAR) characteristics for whole-body RF exposure were calculated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.
Jauchem JR. · 2008
Chen ZJ, He JL. · 2008
The study aimed to investigate mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects induced by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile phones. The authors noted that conflicting results exist in publications on these effects. They reported that overwhelming findings do not support the assumption that RF exposure may induce mutagenic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic effects. However, they stated that health effects from low-level RF exposure need further study.
Batellier F, Couty I, Picard D, Brillard JP. · 2008
Researchers exposed fertile chicken eggs to a cell phone in call position over the entire incubation period. Embryo mortality was significantly higher in exposed eggs than in sham eggs in two of four replicates. The additional mortality occurred mainly between days 9 and 12, but a causal relationship with electric field intensity could not be established.
Baste V, Riise T, Moen BE. · 2008
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study among 10,497 military men in the Royal Norwegian Navy to assess work near radiofrequency-emitting equipment, infertility, and offspring sex ratio. Infertility increased significantly with increasing self-reported exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Adjusted odds ratios for infertility were 1.39 for low exposure, 1.52 for some exposure, 1.93 for high exposure, and 1.86 for very high exposure compared to no exposure. Higher paternal exposure was also associated with a lower ratio of boys to girls at birth. The number of children was not associated with exposure degree.
Agarwal A, Deepinder F, Sharma RK, Ranga G, Li J. · 2008
Three hundred sixty-one men undergoing infertility evaluation were divided into four groups based on daily cell phone use: no use, less than 2 hours, 2 to 4 hours, and more than 4 hours. Comparisons of mean sperm count, motility, viability, and normal morphology among the four groups were statistically significant. The decrease in sperm parameters was dependent on the duration of daily exposure to cell phones and independent of the initial semen quality.
Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J · 2008
Mothers of 13,159 children completed a follow-up questionnaire reporting cell phone use during pregnancy and the child's current cell phone use. Greater odds ratios for behavioral problems were observed for children with possible prenatal or postnatal exposure to cell phone use. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratio for a higher overall behavioral problems score was 1.80 (95% confidence interval = 1.45–2.23) in children with both prenatal and postnatal exposure. The authors noted that these associations may be noncausal and may be due to unmeasured confounding.
Odaci E, Bas O, Kaplan S · 2008
Researchers investigated the effects of prenatal EMF exposure on the number of granule cells in the dentate gyrus of 4-week-old rats. Pregnant rats in the exposed group were subjected to a 900 MHz EMF for 60 min/day between the first and last days of gestation. The results showed that prenatal EMF exposure caused a decrease in the number of granule cells in the dentate gyrus (P < 0.01).
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers developed an anatomical voxel model of an 89 kg woman at 30 weeks pregnancy to study low frequency field exposure. They calculated intracorporal electric current density distributions from homogeneous 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields and compared them to ICNIRP basic restrictions. The basic restriction was met in the mother's central nervous system at reference level exposure. However, the basic restriction was considerably exceeded in the fetus. The authors suggest revision of reference levels might be necessary.
Ribeiro EP, Rhoden EL, Horn MM, Rhoden C, Lima LP, Toniolo L · 2007
Researchers randomly divided 16 male Wistar rats into experimental and control groups; the experimental group was exposed to GSM radiofrequency (1,835–1,850 MHz) for 1 hour daily over 11 weeks. They measured rectal temperature, testicular and epididymal weight, lipid peroxidation, serum testosterone, sperm count, and histopathological endpoints. No statistically significant differences were found between exposed and control groups in any measured endpoint.
Hardell L et al. · 2007
A case-control study investigated the risk of testicular cancer in relation to use of cellular and cordless telephones. The analysis included 542 seminoma cases, 346 non-seminoma cases, and 870 controls. For seminoma, odds ratios were 1.2 for analog phones, 1.3 for digital phones, and 1.1 for cordless phones. For non-seminoma, odds ratios were 0.7 for analog phones, 0.9 for digital phones, and 1.0 for cordless phones. There was no dose-response effect and odds ratios did not increase with latency time.
Yan JG, Agresti M, Bruce T, Yan YH, Granlund A, Matloub HS. · 2007
Rats exposed to 6 hours of daily cellular phone emissions for 18 weeks exhibited a significantly higher incidence of sperm cell death than control group rats through chi-squared analysis. Abnormal clumping of sperm cells was present in exposed rats and absent in controls.
Wdowiak A, Wdowiak L, Wiktor H. · 2007
The objective was to determine the effect of cellular phone usage on the fertility of males undergoing marital infertility therapy. The study included 304 men divided into groups: 99 who did not use mobile phones, 157 who used GSM equipment sporadically for 1-2 years, and 48 who regularly used mobile phones for more than 2 years. An increase in the percentage of sperm cells with abnormal morphology was associated with longer duration of exposure to waves emitted by GSM phones. A decrease in the percentage of sperm cells with vital progressive motility was correlated with the frequency of mobile phone use.
Panagopoulos DJ et al. · 2007
Researchers used Drosophila melanogaster reproductive capacity to compare the biological activity of GSM 900 MHz and DCS 1800 MHz radiation. Both radiation types significantly reduced reproductive capacity in a non-thermal manner. GSM 900 MHz radiation appeared more bioactive than DCS 1800 MHz, a difference attributed mostly to field intensity and less to carrier frequency.
Panagopoulos DJ, Chavdoula ED, Nezis IP, Margaritis LH · 2007
Researchers used the TUNEL assay to detect DNA fragmentation in early and mid-oogenesis stages of Drosophila melanogaster. Flies were exposed to GSM 900-MHz or DCS 1800-MHz radiation from a mobile phone for a few minutes daily over the first six days of adult life. Both radiation types induced DNA fragmentation in all cell types of the egg chamber, leading to degeneration of egg chambers. Germarium and stages 7-8 were the most sensitive developmental stages, with germarium even more sensitive than stages 7-8.
Lonappan A, Rajasekharan C, Thomas V, Bindu G, Mathew KT. · 2007
Researchers measured the dielectric properties of human colostrum and breast milk at microwave frequencies using a rectangular cavity perturbation technique at the S-band. Dielectric constants of the samples increased as weeks elapsed, attributed to reduced fat content and increased lactose concentration.
Liu XY et al. · 2007
Researchers interviewed 200 women with early spontaneous abortion and age-matched controls and used multivariable logistic regression. In single-factor analysis, higher proportions of watching TV ≥10 hours/week, computer use ≥45 hours/week, using copycat, microwave oven and mobile phone, and proximity to switch rooms ≤50 m and launching towers ≤500 m were found in cases versus controls. After multivariable adjustment, using a microwave oven and mobile phone, exposure to abnormal renovation smell for ≥3 months, emotional stress in early pregnancy, and prior spontaneous abortion remained significantly associated with miscarriage risk. The odds ratios for these risk factors were 2.23 and 4.63.
Clark ML et al. · 2007
Researchers measured estrogen and melatonin metabolites in overnight urine from women living near radio and television transmitters. Among premenopausal women, no associations were found between RF or 60-Hz exposure and either metabolite.
Guney M, Ozguner F, Oral B, Karahan N, Mungan T. · 2007
Rats were randomly assigned to four groups of eight each, including a control, a sham, a 900 MHz EMR exposure group, and an EMR plus vitamins E and C group, and the EMR groups received 30 minutes per day for 30 days. EMR exposure increased endometrial nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels and decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, while combined vitamins E and C reversed these changes. The EMR group showed diffuse severe apoptosis in endometrial epithelial, glandular, and stromal cells and diffuse eosinophilic leucocyte and lymphocyte infiltration, which were significantly reduced by vitamins E and C.
Dimbylow P. · 2007
Researchers used finite-difference time-domain calculations to estimate SAR from 20 MHz to 3 GHz in hybrid voxel-mathematical models of the pregnant female. Mathematical models of the developing foetus at 8-, 13-, 26- and 38-week gestation were converted into voxels and combined with the reference adult female model, NAOMI at a resolution of 2 mm. The study calculated the electric field values needed to produce the ICNIRP public exposure restriction of 2 W kg(-1) when averaged over 10 g of the foetus.
Unknown authors · 2006
Researchers exposed male adult rats to a static magnetic field of 128 mT for one hour per day over 30 days. Exposure did not change epididymal sperm count, sperm motility, or genital organ weight. Testicular and plasma testosterone levels decreased significantly in exposed rats. Oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde, metallothioneins, and 8-oxo-dG increased in the testis. Antioxidant enzymes CAT, GPx, and mitochondrial Mn-SOD decreased, while cytosolic CuZn-SOD activity was unchanged.
Unknown authors · 2006
Researchers exposed female mice to 50 Hz, 1.2 mT electromagnetic fields for 8 hours per day throughout pregnancy. Exposed dams gained weight more slowly (29.0% vs 47.8%) and had a lower producing rate (60% of controls), with miscarriages, fetal loss, and malformed fetuses observed. The average number of offspring per mouse decreased (11 ± 1.6 vs 7 ± 2.0), and prenatally exposed offspring showed slower weight gain in the first two weeks and delayed eye opening and tooth eruption.