Abdel-Rassoul G et al. · 2007
A cross-sectional study enrolled 85 residents living near a mobile phone base station in Egypt and 80 matched controls. Exposed residents reported significantly higher rates of headache, memory changes, dizziness, tremors, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance than controls. On neurobehavioral testing, exposed residents performed worse on a test of attention and short-term auditory memory but better on tests of visuomotor speed and attention. Residents living opposite the station performed worse on a problem-solving test than those living under the station. Measured radiofrequency radiation levels were below the allowable standard.
Crouzier D et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed freely moving rats for 24 hours to a 1.8 GHz GSM radiofrequency signal at low power density. The study tracked acetylcholine release in the hippocampus, EEG, EMG, and subcutaneous temperature, and also analyzed brain lipid extracts using NMR after the animals were sacrificed. No significant changes in any measured parameter were observed under radiofrequency exposure, and the NMR study also failed to show any effect.
Regel SJ et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed the heads of 15 healthy male subjects for 30 min prior to sleep to a pulse-modulated EMF signal at different intensities or a sham condition, in a double-blind, crossover design. The active exposure levels used peak spatial specific absorption rates of 0.2 W kg–1 and 5 W kg–1. Sleep EEG analysis showed a dose-dependent increase of power in the spindle frequency range in non-REM sleep, while sleep architecture was not affected. Reaction speed slowed with increasing field intensity in the 1-back task, but accuracy in the CRT and N-back tasks was not affected in a dose-dependent manner.
Hung CS, Anderson C, Horne JA, McEvoy P · 2007
Researchers exposed 10 healthy young adults to talk, listen, standby, or sham signal modes for 30 minutes, then gave them a 90-minute sleep opportunity. Sleep latency after talk mode was markedly and significantly delayed beyond listen and sham modes. This condition effect was also evident in 1–4 Hz EEG frontal power, a frequency range described as particularly sensitive to sleep onset. There was no condition effect for subjective sleepiness.
Unknown authors · 2006
Researchers conducted telephone interviews with a random sample of 342 Swiss general practitioners, achieving a 28.2% response rate. 69% of GPs reported at least one consultation due to EMF, with a median of three such consultations per year. The most commonly reported symptoms were sleep disorders, headaches, and fatigue, while the main suspected EMF sources were mobile phone base stations, power lines, and personal mobile phone use. GPs judged the association between EMF and symptoms as plausible in 54% of cases, but no specific symptom-source combination was consistently judged plausible.
Unknown authors · 2006
Researchers conducted telephone interviews between May and June 2004 with a representative sample of 2048 Swiss residents aged over 14 years. The study found a 5% prevalence of electromagnetic hypersensitivity with a 95% confidence interval of 4% to 6%. Among those with electromagnetic hypersensitivity, the most common complaints were sleep disorders at 43% and headaches at 34%. 53 percent of the population were worried about adverse health effects from EMF without attributing their own health symptoms to them.
Sukhotina I, Streckert JR, Bitz AK, Hansen VW, Lerchl A · 2006
Researchers exposed isolated pineal glands from Djungarian hamsters to 1800 MHz continuous wave or GSM-modulated signals at SAR levels of 8, 80, 800, and 2700 mW/kg for 7 hours. At 800 mW/kg SAR both signal types significantly enhanced melatonin release, but at 2700 mW/kg SAR continuous wave elevated melatonin while GSM-modulated exposure suppressed it. The authors concluded that the data do not support the melatonin hypothesis that nonthermal radiofrequency exposure suppresses melatonin synthesis.
Wood A, Loughran S, Stough C · 2006
In a double-blind cross-over study, 55 adult volunteers were exposed to mobile phone emissions for 30 minutes at 0.25 W average power or sham exposure on successive nights. Urine was collected before bed and upon waking, and melatonin output was estimated from 6-sulphatoxymelatonin concentrations, urine volume, and creatinine. Total melatonin metabolite output did not differ between active and sham exposure, but pre-bedtime output normalized to creatinine was significantly lower after active exposure.
Koylu H, Mollaoglu H, Ozguner F, Nazyroglu M, Delibab N. · 2006
Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham control, 900-MHz microwave exposure, and microwave exposure with melatonin treatment. Microwave exposure increased lipid peroxidation in both the brain cortex and hippocampus compared to controls. Melatonin administration decreased lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus but did not affect cortex levels.
Hutter HP, Moshammer H, Wallner P, Kundi M. · 2006
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 365 randomly selected inhabitants living near 10 mobile phone base stations in urban and rural areas. High-frequency electromagnetic field strength was measured in the bedrooms of 336 households, and several cognitive tests, wellbeing, and sleep quality were also assessed. Total HF-EMF exposure was far below recommended levels, with a maximum of 4.1 mW/m2, and average power density was 0.05 mW/m2 in the rural area and 0.02 mW/m2 in the urban area. Some symptoms showed a significant relation to measured power density, headaches most strongly, while sleep quality showed no significant effect.
Ozguner F, Bardak Y, Comlekci S. · 2006
Researchers compared how well melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) protected rat retinas from oxidative stress caused by exposure to 900 MHz mobile-phone radiation. Melatonin and CAPE were administered daily for 60 days to the rats prior to their EMR exposure. Retinal levels of the oxidative stress markers NO and MDA increased in EMR-exposed rats, while both melatonin and CAPE caused a significant reduction in those levels. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT) decreased in EMR-exposed animals, but both treatments significantly increased those activities.
Belyaev IY et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed rats to 915 MHz GSM microwaves for 2 hours at a SAR of 0.4 mW/g and then examined brain cells for DNA damage and gene expression changes. In the cerebellum, 11 genes were upregulated in a range of 1.34 to 2.74 fold and one gene was downregulated 0.48-fold (P < .0025). The exposure did not induce detectable DNA double strand breaks or changes in chromatin conformation.
Koyu A et al. · 2005
Researchers studied the effects of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz EMF on nocturnal serum melatonin in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed for 30 minutes per day, five days per week for four weeks. Serum melatonin concentrations were measured at 12:00 pm using a radioimmunoassay method. No statistically significant differences in melatonin levels were found between the 900 MHz exposed group and the sham group, nor between the 1800 MHz exposed group and the sham group.
Iudice A et al. · 2005
Twenty-three young healthy participants completed a 10 km simulated drive under four counterbalanced conditions: alcohol alone, alcohol with 19 h wakefulness, alcohol with 24 h wakefulness, and sober. The combination of alcohol and 24 h wakefulness produced the highest driving impairment, significantly greater than alcohol alone. Alcohol with 19 h wakefulness significantly affected only the time-to-collision measure, while alcohol alone in rested conditions did not significantly change any study measure.
Hata K et al. · 2005
The study aimed to clarify the effects of short-term 1439 MHz TDMA exposure on melatonin synthesis in rats. Researchers investigated 208 male and female rats with brain SAR of 7.5 W/kg and whole-body SAR of 1.9 to 2.0 W/kg. After a 12-hour light-dark cycle, serum and pineal melatonin and pineal serotonin were measured by radioimmunoassay in darkness. No significant differences in melatonin or serotonin levels were found between exposed, sham, and cage control groups.
Loughran SP et al. · 2005
Researchers examined whether sleep architecture is sensitive to electromagnetic fields from digital mobile phone handsets. Fifty participants were exposed to electromagnetic fields for 30 minutes before sleep. Exposure decreased rapid eye movement sleep latency and increased electroencephalogram spectral power in the 11.5-12.25 Hz range during the initial part of sleep. The authors concluded that mobile phone exposure before sleep may promote rapid eye movement sleep and modify the sleep electroencephalogram in the first non-rapid eye movement sleep period.
Kamibeppu K, Sugiura H. · 2005
Researchers recruited 651 eighth-grade students from five public junior high schools in the Tokyo metropolitan area and had them complete a questionnaire. The response rate was 88.8% with 578 participants, and about 49.3% of them owned a mobile phone. Students used phones more for e-mail than calls, with over half exchanging e-mails more than 10 times a day, mostly with schoolmates. Sociable students found phones useful for friendship but also experienced insecurity, stayed up late for e-mail, and felt they could not live without their phone.
Vangelova KK, Israel MS. · 2005
Researchers measured urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin and three stress hormones in 36 male operators working fast-rotating extended shifts under radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Exposure levels were high for broadcasting station operators, low for TV station operators, and very low for satellite station operators. Radiofrequency EMR had no effect on the typical diurnal pattern of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin. High-level exposure significantly increased excretion rates of cortisol, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, while low-level exposure changes were not significant. The 24-hour excretion of cortisol and noradrenaline correlated with time-weighted average exposure measures.
Huber R et al. · 2005
Researchers investigated the effects of radio frequency electromagnetic fields similar to those emitted by mobile phones on waking regional cerebral blood flow in 12 healthy young men. Positron emission tomography scans were taken after 30 min unilateral head exposure to pulse-modulated 900 MHz RF EMF, and a sham control condition was also included. Only the 'handset-like' signal, which had stronger low-frequency components, increased relative cerebral blood flow in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the side of exposure; the 'base-station-like' signal did not.
Bortkiewicz A, Zmyslony M, Szyjkowska A, Gadzicka E. · 2004
The review investigated subjective symptoms reported by people living near cellular phone base stations. Questionnaire surveys revealed various complaints mostly of the circulatory system, plus sleep disturbances, irritability, depression, blurred vision, concentration difficulties, nausea, lack of appetite, headache and vertigo. Studies showed a relationship between symptom incidence, exposure level, and distance from base stations. This association appeared in both people who attributed symptoms to the base station and those who did not. No studies worldwide found exposures exceeding ICNIRP standards.
Al-Khlaiwi T, Meo SA. · 2004
Researchers conducted a study in Saudi Arabia with 437 mobile phone users. The results showed an association between mobile phone use and health hazards, with headache at 21.6%, sleep disturbance at 4.%, tension at 3.9%, fatigue at 3%, and dizziness at 2.4%. The authors concluded that mobile phone use is a risk factor for health hazards and recommended avoiding long-term or excessive use through health promotion activities.
Ayata A et al. · 2004
Thirty Wistar-Albino rats were assigned to control, irradiated, and irradiated-plus-melatonin groups, and the irradiated group received 900 MHz, 2 W radiation for 30 minutes daily over 10 days. The melatonin group received 10 mg/kg/day melatonin in tap water for 10 days before irradiation. Skin samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde, hydroxyproline, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. Radiation significantly increased MDA, hydroxyproline, CAT, and GSH-Px and decreased SOD; melatonin reversed the increases in MDA, hydroxyproline, CAT, and GSH-Px but did not prevent the SOD decrease. The results suggest that 900 MHz radiation increases fibrosis and lipid peroxidation in rat skin and that melatonin can reduce these effects.
Zwirska-Korczala K et al. · 2004
Ozguner F, Aydin G, Mollaoglu H, Gokalp O, Koyu A, Cesur G. · 2004
Researchers used thirty male Wistar-Albino rats divided into a nontreated control group, an irradiated group, and an irradiated group that also received melatonin. The irradiated group received 900 MHz radiation for 10 days at 30 minutes per day, and skin grafts were taken from the thoraco-abdominal area at the end of the tenth day. In the irradiated group, researchers observed increased thickness of stratum corneum, atrophy of epidermis, papillamatosis, basal cell proliferation, hypergranulosis, capillary proliferation, and impairment in collagen tissue distribution compared to the control group. Most of these changes, except hypergranulosis, were prevented with melatonin treatment.
Unknown authors · 2003
Researchers conducted a survey of 530 people living near or not near cellular phone base stations. They compared frequencies of 16 non-specific health symptoms using a chi-square test with Yates correction. Older subjects showed a significant increase in symptoms. Facing the base station within 100 meters was the worst position for some symptoms. No significant difference was found for exposure duration except irritability increased after more than five years, and other electromagnetic factors also affected symptom frequency.
