Unknown authors · 2005
Researchers exposed 24 male Wistar rats to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields at 100-300 microT for 4 hours daily over one month. Skin and thyroid samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and stereology with markers for serotonin, substance P, CGRP, PGP 9.5, and NPY. Exposed rats had significantly more serotonin-positive mast cells in skin and NPY-containing nerve fibers in thyroid compared to controls.
Seitz H, Stinner D, Eikmann T, Herr C, Röösli M. · 2005
Researchers systematically reviewed literature from 2000 to 2004 on electromagnetic hypersensitivity and mobile phone electromagnetic fields, evaluating 13 studies of sufficient quality. Five randomized cross-over studies on impaired well-being from mobile phone exposure gave contradictory results and were limited by short exposure periods and small sample sizes. Observational epidemiological studies showing a positive association between exposure and unspecific symptoms had methodological limitations preventing firm conclusions. In the only provocation study with self-reported electromagnetic hypersensitivity individuals, perception of field status was no better than chance.
Koyu A, Cesur G, Ozguner F, Akdogan M, Mollaoglu H, Ozen S. · 2005
The study examined effects of 900 MHz EMF on thyroid hormones in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Thirty rats were divided into control, EMF-exposed, and sham-exposed groups of ten each. Exposed rats received 30 minutes of EMF per day, five days a week, for four weeks. TSH and T3-T4 levels were significantly lower in the EMF group than in the sham group (p<0.01). No significant differences were found between control and sham groups (p>0.05).
Hata K et al. · 2005
The study aimed to clarify the effects of short-term 1439 MHz TDMA exposure on melatonin synthesis in rats. Researchers investigated 208 male and female rats with brain SAR of 7.5 W/kg and whole-body SAR of 1.9 to 2.0 W/kg. After a 12-hour light-dark cycle, serum and pineal melatonin and pineal serotonin were measured by radioimmunoassay in darkness. No significant differences in melatonin or serotonin levels were found between exposed, sham, and cage control groups.
Degrave E, Autier P, Grivegnee AR, Zizi M. · 2005
Researchers studied all-cause mortality in 27,671 Belgian militaries who served in radar battalions from 1963 to 1994, observed from 1968 to 2003. A control group of 16,128 militaries who were never exposed to radars was used for comparison. The age-standardized mortality ratio was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.95-1.16) in professional militaries and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75-0.85) in conscripts. No difference in mortality was found based on duration of service or period of service among professional militaries. Over the 40-year observation period, there was no increase in all-cause mortality in those with close contact to radar equipment.
Wallin MK, Marve T, Hakansson PK. · 2005
Researchers tested whether GPRS, UMTS, and WLAN signals interfere with life-supporting equipment in intensive care and operating rooms. UMTS and WLAN caused little interference and can be used safely in critical care areas, though direct contact with medical devices should be avoided. GPRS at 50 cm caused an older infusion pump to alarm and stop infusing and produced 10 cases of display interference. GPRS can be used safely at a distance of 1 m.
van Wyk MJ, Bingle M, Meyer FJ. · 2005
This study presents a variety of critical aspects that need to be considered when calculating SAR in a human body close to a mobile phone base station antenna. The results show that it is critical to take the disturbance effect of the human phantom (a large conductive body) on the base station antenna into account when the antenna-phantom spacing is less than 300 mm. For these small spacings, the antenna structure must be modeled in detail. The conclusion is that it is feasible to calculate, using the proposed techniques and methodology, accurate occupational compliance zones around base station antennas based on a SAR profile and basic restriction guidelines. A hybrid FEM/MoM technique is proposed as a suitable numerical method to obtain accurate results.
Martinez-Burdalo M, Martin A, Anguiano M, Villar R · 2005
Researchers analyzed safety assessment procedures for human exposure near cellular base-station antennas at 900, 1800, and 2170 MHz. They compared distances where electromagnetic fields were below reference levels with distances where specific absorption rate (SAR) values in an exposed person were below basic restrictions according to European guidelines. A high-resolution human body model was placed in front of each antenna at different distances to compute whole-body averaged SAR and maximum 10 g averaged SAR. The finite-difference time-domain method was used for both electromagnetic field and SAR calculations.
Leena K, Tomi L, Arja RR. · 2005
The study surveyed a representative sample of 14-16-year-olds (N=3485) in 2001 about mobile phone use and health-compromising behaviours. Mobile phone was used by 89% of respondents and by 13% for at least 1h daily. The intensity of use was positively associated with health-compromising behaviours, and the associations remained after adjusting for weekly spending money.
Jones RP, Conway DH. · 2005
All ventilators except the Respironics VISION showed display errors when exposed to the Nokia phones and Simoco radio. Only the radio caused the Puritan Bennett 840 to stop functioning completely. Transfer ventilators' performance was not affected by radio or mobile phone, although a mobile phone triggered a low-power alarm. Bluetooth transmission had no effect on any ventilator.
Yariktas M et al. · 2005
Ozguner F et al. · 2005
The study compared the protective effects of melatonin and CAPE against 900 MHz mobile phone radiation-induced renal tubular injury in rats. Exposure increased urinary NAG and renal MDA levels in rats. Both melatonin and CAPE significantly reduced these elevated markers. Melatonin also increased SOD and GSH-Px activities above control levels, while CAPE did not increase these enzymes.
Ozguner F, Oktem F, Ayata A, Koyu A, Yilmaz HR. · 2005
Oktem F, Ozguner F, Mollaoglu H, Koyu A, Uz E. · 2005
Researchers exposed rats to 900-MHz mobile phone radiation for 30 minutes daily over 10 days. Exposure increased kidney tissue malondialdehyde and urine N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase while decreasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Melatonin administered before each exposure reversed these changes. The authors concluded that melatonin may protect against mobile phone-induced kidney impairment in rats.
Vangelova KK, Israel MS. · 2005
Researchers measured urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin and three stress hormones in 36 male operators working fast-rotating extended shifts under radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Exposure levels were high for broadcasting station operators, low for TV station operators, and very low for satellite station operators. Radiofrequency EMR had no effect on the typical diurnal pattern of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin. High-level exposure significantly increased excretion rates of cortisol, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, while low-level exposure changes were not significant. The 24-hour excretion of cortisol and noradrenaline correlated with time-weighted average exposure measures.
Ebert S et al. · 2005
This study determined the thermal regulatory and thermal breakdown thresholds for in-tube restrained B6C3F1 and NMRI mice exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 905 MHz. The thermal regulatory threshold of the restrained mice was found at SAR levels between 2 W kg(-1) and 5 W kg(-1). The breakdown of regulation was determined at 10.1 +/- 4.0 W kg(-1) for B6C3F1 mice and 7.7 +/- 1.6 W kg(-1) for NMRI mice. NMRI mice were more sensitive to thermal stress and responded at lower SAR values with regulation and breakdown.
Adair ER et al. · 2005
Researchers measured thermoregulatory responses in six adult volunteers during 45-minute whole-body exposures to 220 MHz radio frequency energy at three power densities and three ambient temperatures. Esophageal temperature showed small changes of no more than 0.35 °C and never exceeded 37.3 °C under any test condition. Vigorous sweating occurred at PD = 12 and 15 mW/cm(2), with sweating levels higher than those observed for equivalent PD at 100 MHz. The researchers concluded that exposed subjects thermoregulate efficiently through increased heat loss responses, particularly sweating.
Balmori A. 2004 · 2004
A large majority of independent researchers recognize non-thermal effects of these waves on living beings, which are not yet contemplated in Spanish legislation. Power density levels billions of times lower would provide sufficient coverage for mobile telephony to function.
Sandrini L et al. · 2004
Researchers created a female dielectric anatomical model and compared power absorption in male and female models from 0.1 to 4 GHz. Whole-body-averaged SAR was higher in the female model, mainly due to a thicker subcutaneous fat layer. Maximum 1 g and 10 g averaged SAR did not depend on gender because it occurs in regions without subcutaneous fat.
Park SK,Ha M, Im H-J · 2004
Researchers compared cancer mortality in ten areas with AM radio towers over 100 kW to control areas without towers using Korean death certificates from 1994-1995. All-cancer mortality was significantly higher in exposed areas with a mortality rate ratio of 1.29 (95% CI 1.12-1.49). Leukemia mortality was elevated in exposed areas (MRR 1.70, 95% CI 0.84-3.45), with the highest ratios in children aged 0-14 (MRR 2.29) and young adults aged 15-29 (MRR 2.44). Significant increases were seen at several power levels (100 kW, 250 kW, 500 kW) but without a consistent increasing trend across power groups. The authors concluded that the findings do not prove causation but suggest further analytical studies are needed.
Hutter HP, Moshammer H, Wallner P, Kundi M. · 2004
Researchers surveyed neighbors of cell towers (n = 123, response rate approx. 48%) and medical students (n = 366) about environmental health risks including mobile telecommunication. Neighbors rated health risks for both mobile phones and cell towers higher than students did. The magnitude of perceived risks resembled that of other ubiquitous exposures like traffic noise and air pollution.
Pedersen W. · 2004
Researchers investigated associations between communication technology like web chat and mobile phones and sexual behaviour among Norwegian adolescents. A representative sample of 10,926 adolescents aged 13-18 completed questionnaires at school with a 92% response rate. A strong association was found between mobile phone use and sexual behaviour, with less than 10% of non-users reporting intercourse compared to two out of three of the most active users. The associations remained significant after controlling for age and contextual, family, peer and individual factors.
Nagaoka T et al. · 2004
Researchers created realistic high-resolution whole-body voxel models for Japanese adult males and females of average height and weight using magnetic resonance imaging. The models consist of 2 mm cubic voxels segmented into 51 anatomic regions. The adult female model is the first of its kind worldwide, and both are the first Asian voxel models enabling numerical evaluation of electromagnetic dosimetry at frequencies up to 3 GHz. The paper describes basic SAR characteristics for VHF/UHF bands calculated using the finite-difference time-domain method.
L'Abbate N et al. · 2004
Hallberg O, Johansson O. · 2004
Researchers examined the development of mobile phone communication to see how it possibly relates to health impairment of the Swedish population. Official data on mobile phone use and long-term absence from work were collected and their co-variation was used to estimate future long-term absence rates under the hypothesis of a connection.
