Jauchem JR et al. · 1998
Researchers exposed 10 anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats to ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses at three different pulse repetition rates. Exposures at 50, 500, and 1000 pulses per second resulted in no significant changes in heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure during the two-minute exposures or in the two minutes after. The results suggest that acute whole-body exposure under these conditions does not have an immediate detrimental effect on these cardiovascular system variables.
Adair ER, Kelleher SA, Mack GW, Morocco TS, · 1998
Thermoregulatory responses of heat production and heat loss were measured in seven adult volunteers (four women and three men, aged 21–57 years) during 45-minute dorsal exposures of the whole body to 450 MHz continuous wave RF fields. Two power densities were tested at each of three ambient temperatures (24, 28, and 31 °C), plus control conditions with no RF. No changes in metabolic heat production occurred, and deep body temperature was regulated to within 0.1 °C of the normal level through vigorous increases in sweating rate on the back and chest.
Unknown authors · 1997
Unknown authors · 1997
Hydrogels are popular for their high water content, softness, flexibility, and biocompatibility. They are made by cross-linking natural or synthetic hydrophilic polymers physically or chemically. Current uses include contact lenses, hygiene products, tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery systems, and wound dressings.
Unknown authors · 1997
The authors conducted a literature study comparing skin changes in screen dermatitis with those from UV light or ionizing radiation. Screen dermatitis patients had a much higher number of mast cells. The most remarkable cellular change was the disappearance of Langerhans cells, which also occurs after UV or ionizing radiation.
Unknown authors · 1997
They note that EMF energies are far below those typical of biomolecules, induced electric forces are considerably smaller than biological forces, and magnetic-moment sensory cells have not been found in humans. Resonant interaction mechanisms conflict with accepted physics and many experimental tests have not found the predicted effects. The review states that biological effects at residential levels [< or = 2 microT (< or = 20 mG)] are implausible, while effects at higher fields [> 10 microT (> 100 mG)] might reach plausibility but lack demonstrated transduction structures.
Stark KD, Krebs T, Altpeter E, Manz B, Griot C, Abelin T · 1997
Researchers conducted a pilot study comparing two dairy herds at 500 m and 4,000 m from a short-wave radio transmitter, monitoring five cows per farm for salivary melatonin over ten days. The average nightly field strength was 21-fold higher on the exposed farm (1.59 mA/m) than on the control farm (0.076 mA/m). No significant difference in melatonin was seen during the first two nights, but on the first night after the transmitter was turned back on following a three-day off period, melatonin concentration was significantly higher on the exposed farm (3.89 pg/ml, CI: 2.04, 7.41), indicating a two- to seven-fold increase.
Ryan KL, Walters TJ, Tehrany MR, Lovelace JD, Jauchem JR · 1997
Researchers exposed three age groups of calorically restricted rats to 35 GHz microwaves until death while measuring temperature, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure. Before exposure, the age groups showed no significant differences in measured parameters. Microwave heating increased temperatures at all measured sites, but temperatures at death did not differ between age groups. Heart rate increased throughout exposure in a statistically identical manner across all age groups, and mean arterial pressure was initially well maintained before precipitously declining until death with no age-related difference. Respiration rate was not altered by microwave exposure in any group, and the exposure time required to induce death did not differ among age groups.
Schilling, CJ · 1997
Violanti JM · 1997
The study examined statistical rate-ratios of accident characteristics between drivers with and without cellular phones. Results showed a significant increased rate among drivers with phones for inattention, unsafe speed, driving on the wrong side of the road, striking a fixed object, overturning, swerving, and running off the roadway. People with phones had an increased risk of being killed in an accident compared to those without phones. Male drivers with phones had significantly higher rates than females for many of these accident characteristics. Rate-ratios for some accident characteristics and fatalities increased with age, except drivers under 20 years who had the highest fatality rate.
Riu PJ, Foster KR, Blick DW, Adair ER, · 1997
Researchers measured human thresholds for skin warmth sensations at frequencies from 2.45 to 94 GHz. The thermal analysis suggests these thresholds correspond to a localized temperature increase of about 0.07°C at and near the skin surface. The thermal model results were insensitive to blood flow but sensitive to thermal conduction, with sensitivity increasing strongly with frequency. Thermal conduction becomes a dominant factor for surface temperature rise at microwave frequencies over 10 GHz.
Olchowik G · 1997
Researchers investigated the influence of hydrocortisone and microwave radiation on bone in rats. Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate was administered intraperitoneally for 12 weeks with concomitant microwave irradiation at two power densities. The results indicated a protective effect of electromagnetic microwave radiation on bone tissue exposed to corticotherapy.
Nelson BK, Conover DL, Shaw PB, Snyder DL, Edwards RM · 1997
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to radiofrequency radiation that raised colonic temperature to 42.0°C for 10 minutes while administering various doses of 2-methoxyethanol on gestation day 13. Dose-related developmental toxicity from 2-methoxyethanol occurred both with and without the radiation exposure. However, the radiation changed the shape of the dose-effect curve for 2-methoxyethanol.
Lagorio S et al. · 1997
Researchers investigated the mortality of Italian plastic-ware workers exposed to radiofrequency fields from dielectric heat sealers. Follow-up ran from 1962 to 1992 and the analysis included 481 women workers representing 78% of person-years. Mortality from malignant neoplasms was slightly elevated and increased risks of leukemia and accidents were detected. The all-cancer standardised mortality ratio was higher among women in the sealing department than in the whole cohort.
Hocking B, Gordon IR, Grain HL, Hatfield GE · 1997
Researchers compared cancer incidence and mortality from 1972 to 1990 in nine municipalities, three of which surround TV towers and six of which are further away. Among children, the rate ratio for leukaemia incidence was 1.58 and for mortality it was 2.32. Brain cancer incidence and mortality were not increased. The researchers found an association between increased childhood leukaemia incidence and mortality and proximity to TV towers.
Balodis V, G Briimelis, K Kalviskis, et al. · 1996
Dr Cherry was invited by the New Zealand Ministry of Health and Ministry for the Environment to peer-review the proposal to adopt the ICNIRP guidelines for cell sites in November 1999. The review found that the ICNIRP assessment ignored all published studies showing chromosome damage and was highly selective, biased, and dismissive of genotoxic and epidemiological evidence. The assessment gave the impression of being predetermined to accept only effects from high exposures causing electric shocks or tissue heating, and it misrepresented two studies that actually showed significant increases in brain/CNS cancer.
Andersson B, Berg M, Arnetz BB, Melin L, Langlet I, Lidén S. · 1996
Seventeen patients were randomly assigned to a treatment group or a waiting-list control group in a pretest-posttest control group design. Patients participated in double-blind provocation tests before and after treatment. Subjective symptom ratings and blood samples for stress-related variables were collected. The experimental group reduced disability evaluations more than the control group, but no significant between-group differences were found in psychophysiological measures or subjective reactions to provocation. The provocation test concluded that alleged hypersensitive patients did not react to electromagnetic fields.
Rothman KJ, Loughlin JE, Funch DP, Dreyer NA · 1996
Researchers conducted a record-based mortality surveillance of a cohort of more than 250,000 portable and mobile telephone customers during 1994. Age-specific mortality rates were similar for users of the two types of telephones. For customers with accounts at least 3 years old, the mortality rate ratio for portable versus mobile telephone users was 0.86 with a 90% confidence interval of 0.47 to 1.53.
Naegeli B, Osswald S, Deola M, Burkart F · 1996
Reproducible interference occurred in 7 of 39 patients during 26 of 672 tests with phones operating within 10 cm of the pacemaker. Ventricular inhibition was induced only in unipolar pacing mode (12.5% positive test results). Interference was more likely at higher phone power output and maximal pacemaker sensitivity (6% vs 1.8% positive tests).
Kolodynski AA, Kolodynska VV · 1996
Holly EA, Aston DA, Ahn DK, Smith AH. · 1996
Researchers conducted a case-control study in the western United States to examine the relation between occupations or chemical exposures and uveal melanoma risk. Among 221 male cases and 447 controls, intense ultraviolet light exposure, welding exposure, asbestos exposure, and occupations as chemists, chemical engineers, or chemical technicians were associated with elevated odds ratios.
Bielski J, Sikorski M · 1996
The study examined 50 workers exposed to electromagnetic radiation in the form of radiowaves. Average glucose levels were 155 mg% at 30 minutes, 180 mg% at 60 minutes, 153 mg% at 90 minutes, and 124 mg% at 120 minutes. Among those with glucose tolerance disturbances, 10 persons (32%) also had abnormal EEG records indicating disorders in brain bioelectric activity.
Pashovskina MS, Akoev IG · 1996
A solution of rat muscle actomyosin was exposed to 2375 MHz pulse-modulated microwave radiation with rectangular pulse modulation ranging from 50 to 300 pulses per second. The study found that actomyosin ATPase activity was dependent on both modulation frequency and microwave intensity. Specific modulation frequencies were found to change the ATPase activity of actomyosin.
Unknown authors · 1995
Sherry CJ, Blick DW, Walters TJ, Brown GC, Murphy MR · 1995
Researchers examined the effect of acute ultrawideband electromagnetic radiation exposure on monkeys performing a Primate Equilibrium Platform task. The exposure had no effect on task performance when tested immediately after exposure. Each monkey was exposed twice for 2 minutes at a pulse repetition rate of 60 Hz with a peak electric field strength of 250 kV/m.
