6,486 Studies Reviewed. 85.2% of Original Studies Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.

EMF Research Studies

Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.

Filter Studies

Clear all filters

Showing 2,816 studies in Whole Body / General

Whole Body / General
Not an original health-effects study

Frequency and Orientation Effects on Whole Animal Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves

O. P. Gandhi · 1975

Experiments using a parallel plate waveguide measured RF absorption in rats and biological-phantom prolate spheroids across frequencies and polarizations. The results correlated well with free-space irradiation findings. Peak absorption occurred when the electric field was parallel to the long body axis at frequencies where the body length was about one-quarter wavelength, with absorption 2.5 to 3.5 times the shadow cross-section.

COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY AND PENETRATION DEPTH OF CERTAIN BIOLOGICAL TISSUE BETWEEN 40 AND 90 GHZ

Jochen Edrich, Patrick C. Hardee · 1975

Muscle penetration depth followed the expected frequency inverse behavior and matched predictions from lower-frequency data by Schwan and Li. Fat penetration depth agreed within 50% of extrapolated data and showed relatively large values of several millimeters around 50 GHz. Muscle tissue measurements indicated substantial multimoding, so the reported dielectric constant and conductivity values represent only upper limits.

An automated swim alley for small animals: I. Instrumentation

NANCY W. KING et al. · 1974

The apparatus is a 6 m long, temperature-controlled water alley with automatically raised and lowered end platforms that record swim speed on each traverse. Water temperature was held at 24°C with a gradient not exceeding .3°C across the alley. An avoidance-conditioning and dunking procedure trained more than 90% of rats to swim reliably at 23°C. The platform rest period used in most experiments was 30 seconds. The automated system operated reliably for extended sessions with trained rats.

Resonance absorption of microwave by the human skull

Joines WT, Spiegel RJ · 1974

Researchers modeled the human skull as six concentric layers (skin, fat, bone, dura, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain) and calculated microwave absorption across the 0.1-3 GHz band for skull radii of 7 cm and 10 cm. The inhomogeneous model showed a broad absorption peak near 2.1 GHz with peak values of 1.52 for the 7 cm radius and 3.38 for the 10 cm radius, a peak not present in the homogeneous model.

Browse by Health Effect