Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.
Showing 1,087 studies from Glaser RF/Microwave Archive with extracted diagrams
Medical Instrument Research Associates, Inc. · 1979
This 1979 technical report documented diagnostic and surgical instruments used in ophthalmology, including fundus cameras and ophthalmoscopes. While specific EMF measurements weren't detailed, these medical devices represent an early generation of electronic equipment that exposed both patients and healthcare workers to electromagnetic fields during eye examinations and procedures.
D.D. N'GUYEN et al. · 1979
This 1979 French technical study examined microwave heating and thermography for medical and industrial applications. Researchers developed automatic probe-applicators (open waveguide sections) and found that microwave penetration depth depends on both the material's properties and the probe characteristics. The work laid groundwork for combining microwave heating with thermal imaging technology.
John R. Thomas, Linda S. Burch · 1979
Researchers exposed rats to low-level pulsed microwave radiation at an average power density of 1 milliwatt per square centimeter while giving them chlordiazepoxide, a minor tranquilizer. The microwave exposure made the drug's response-rate-increasing effects stronger, even though the radiation alone had no apparent impact on the rats' behavior.
Thomas F. Budinger · 1979
This 1979 study by researcher Budinger established safety thresholds for NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) imaging, which later became MRI technology. The research identified specific limits for RF power, static magnetic fields, and field variation rates that would prevent health hazards in medical imaging. These early guidelines helped shape safety protocols still used in modern MRI facilities.
D.D. N'Guyen, A. Mamouni, Y. Leroy, E. Constant · 1979
This 1979 technical study explored combining microwave heating with microwave temperature monitoring in the same system for medical applications. Researchers demonstrated that microwaves could both heat living tissue to controlled temperatures (around 43°C) and simultaneously measure that temperature using microwave radiometry. The dual-purpose system was designed for cancer hyperthermia therapy and diagnostic imaging.
A. Mamouni, D.D. N'Guyen, M. Robillard, M. Chivé, Y. Leroy · 1979
This 1979 research explored using microwave thermal noise detection to measure body temperature beneath the skin without invasive procedures. The study demonstrated that microwaves could detect heat patterns in living tissue, with potential medical applications including cancer detection and brain temperature monitoring.
A. MAMOUNI, D.D. N'GUYEN, Y. LEROY, E. CONSTANT · 1979
This 1979 French research examined microwave thermography, a technique that uses microwave radiation to measure temperature patterns in living tissue for medical diagnosis. The study explored how electromagnetic waves interact with biological systems and the potential biomedical applications of this technology. This represents early research into how microwave energy behaves in human tissue.
R.A. Tell, F. Harlen · 1979
This 1979 government review examined how radiofrequency radiation heats human tissue to establish safe exposure limits. The analysis found that the widely-used 10 mW/cm² safety standard provides adequate protection above 1 GHz frequencies, but may be too high by up to 10 times for lower frequencies where the body absorbs more energy.
Robert P. Liburdy · 1979
Researchers exposed mice to 26 MHz radiofrequency radiation that raised their body temperature by 2°C, finding it caused a drop in immune cells and suppressed immune function. The radiation triggered stress hormone release and altered the distribution of immune cells throughout the body. This suggests RF radiation can weaken immune defenses through heat-related stress responses.
Paul S. Ruggera · 1979
This 1979 government study measured electromagnetic field levels near CB (Citizens Band) radio antennas to understand radiation exposure in close proximity to these transmitters. The research focused on documenting actual field strengths that CB radio operators and nearby individuals might encounter during typical use.
D. Davidson, J. M. Musser, O. G. Nackoney, D. L. Swank · 1979
This 1979 technical report documented power density measurements around GTE microwave transmitting facilities in Florida. The research measured electromagnetic field levels near telecommunications infrastructure to assess potential exposure levels. This type of field measurement work provided early baseline data for understanding microwave exposure from commercial transmission systems.
Q. Balzano, O. Garay, F. R. Steel · 1979
This 1979 technical report by Q. Balzano attempted to measure radiofrequency exposure levels for operators of portable radios operating at 30 MHz. The research used phantom measurements to evaluate power density levels that radio operators experienced during typical use. This represents early efforts to quantify occupational RF exposure from two-way radio equipment.
William A. Herman, Donald M. Witters, Jr. · 1979
This 1979 Bureau of Radiological Health study evaluated the accuracy of inexpensive microwave detection instruments that consumers and repair shops were starting to use to test microwave oven emissions. The researchers found these cheaper devices could give unreliable readings, potentially missing real hazards or triggering unnecessary repairs.
Unknown authors · 1978
This 1978 government report examined health effects from radio frequency and microwave radiation exposure across various sources and frequencies. As one of the early comprehensive reviews of RF/microwave health impacts, it helped establish the foundation for understanding electromagnetic field exposure risks. The timing makes this particularly significant as it predated widespread consumer electronics and wireless technology adoption.
Howard I. Bassen et al. · 1978
This 1978 government report examined microwave radiation leakage from diathermy machines used in medical treatments. Researchers measured how much microwave energy escaped from these therapeutic devices when used on both human patients and phantom test models. The study was part of federal efforts to assess potential exposure risks from medical microwave equipment.
M. H. Repacholi · 1978
This 1978 Canadian government paper proposed the first national exposure limits for microwave and radiofrequency radiation, recommending 1 mW/cm² (10 W/m²) for continuous human exposure. The authors argued this limit would protect both workers and the general public while remaining technically feasible for industry compliance.
Unknown authors · 1978
Researchers developed a highly sensitive technique called PFLOH spectroscopy to measure how liquids absorb microwave energy by detecting tiny temperature changes through laser interferometry. The method uses pulsed microwaves to heat liquid samples while a laser beam measures the resulting thermal expansion. This represents an advancement in precisely measuring microwave absorption patterns in biological and other liquid systems.
Gerald Schaffner · 1978
This 1978 technical overview examined microwave solid-state power sources including IMPATT diodes, Gunn diodes, and GaAs field-effect transistors for commercial applications. The study cataloged technical parameters for various microwave power devices entering the market. This represents early documentation of microwave technology proliferation that would later become ubiquitous in consumer electronics.
Frank J. Moncrief · 1978
This 1987 technical paper examined the potential for automotive radar systems to become standard safety equipment in cars during the 1980s. The research focused on radar technology for collision avoidance systems, which would emit microwave radiation to detect obstacles and prevent accidents. While the paper addressed the technical feasibility of car-based radar, it represents an early look at technology that would eventually expose millions of drivers to continuous microwave emissions.
Gideon Kantor, Donald M. Witters, Jr., John W. Greiser · 1978
Researchers in 1978 tested a new microwave diathermy device operating at 2.45 GHz (the same frequency as modern WiFi and microwave ovens) for medical heating therapy. They found the device created uniform heating patterns in tissue phantoms while keeping radiation leakage at 0.8-4 mW/cm² depending on contact distance. The study demonstrated technical feasibility for safe medical microwave applications.
R.M. Albrecht, E. Landau · 1978
This 1979 epidemiological assessment examined microwave radiation exposure patterns across different applications including communications, industrial uses, home ovens, and medical diathermy. The study highlighted significant discrepancies between Eastern and Western exposure standards, with Eastern European countries reporting adverse health effects at much lower levels than Western safety limits allowed.
M. Repacholi · 1978
This 1978 review by M. Repacholi examined the health effects of microwave and radiofrequency radiation exposure, covering biological effects, public health implications, and protective measures. The document provided an early comprehensive assessment of EMF health risks and established exposure standards for both occupational workers and the general public.
Marjorie Passini Yuhas, D. I. Bolef, J. G. Miller · 1978
Researchers used ultrasonic waves to measure how electrons in iron-doped magnesium oxide crystals relax back to their ground state after being excited. They found that non-resonant ultrasonic measurements gave different relaxation rate values compared to traditional resonant techniques, suggesting the measurement method itself affects the results.
Chung-Kwang Chou, Arthur W. Guy · 1978
Researchers exposed isolated nerve and muscle tissues from frogs, cats, rabbits, and rats to 2450 MHz microwave radiation at power levels ranging from 0.3 to 1500 W/kg. They found no changes in nerve function or muscle contraction during or after exposure. Any effects observed at high power levels were simply due to tissue heating, not direct electromagnetic field effects.
R.P. Blakemore, R.B. Frankel, A.J. Kalmijn · 1978
Scientists discovered that magnetotactic bacteria contain chains of magnetite crystals that function as internal compasses, allowing them to navigate using Earth's magnetic field. Using Mössbauer spectroscopy, researchers found approximately 25 magnetite particles arranged in chains within each bacterial cell. This groundbreaking study revealed how living organisms can naturally sense and respond to magnetic fields for navigation.