A. A. Pokrovskiy · 1960
This 1960 study by Pokrovskiy developed an accelerated laboratory method for measuring cholinesterase enzyme activity in human blood samples. Cholinesterase is a critical enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for nerve and muscle function. The research focused on improving clinical diagnostic techniques for detecting cholinesterase deficiency, which can indicate exposure to certain toxins or neurological conditions.
A. F. Harvey · 1960
This 1997 technical review examined microwave radiation's industrial applications, biological effects on living tissues and animals, and occupational safety hazards for workers near high-power microwave equipment. The paper provided comprehensive coverage of microwave technology's impact across multiple domains and offered safety recommendations for personnel exposure.
Schliephake, E · 1960
This 1960 German study examined how short-wave electromagnetic radiation affects endocrine glands, particularly the pituitary gland (hypophysis), in humans. The research focused on using microwave stimulation to test gland function and its relationship to vegetative dystonia, a condition involving autonomic nervous system dysfunction. This represents early medical investigation into how electromagnetic fields interact with the body's hormone-producing systems.
E. HENDLER, J. D. HARDY · 1960
Researchers exposed seven people's foreheads to controlled infrared and microwave heating while measuring skin temperature. They found that temperature sensations correlated with how fast skin temperature changed, not the absolute temperature itself. This suggests our temperature sensors respond to the rate of change rather than static heat levels.
Charles Susskind and Staff · 1960
This 1960 technical report by Charles Susskind examined microwave radiation as both a biological hazard and scientific tool. The research addressed the dual nature of microwave energy, investigating its potential health effects on cellular organisms while exploring its applications in biological research. This early work helped establish the foundation for understanding microwave radiation's biological impacts.
A. A. TEIXEIRA-PINTO et al. · 1960
This 1960 study investigated how radio frequency electromagnetic fields affect the movement and behavior of single-celled organisms like bacteria. Researchers found that motile bacteria had their normal swimming patterns constrained when exposed to RF fields, suggesting non-thermal biological effects. This was among the first scientific evidence that EMF could influence living organisms through mechanisms beyond just heating tissue.
Cazzamalli, Ferdinando · 1960
This 1960 research by F. Cazzamalli investigated what he termed 'cerebro-psychic radiation' - the idea that human brains might emit or respond to electromagnetic radiation during psychological processes. The study used oscillator equipment to explore potential electromagnetic phenomena associated with mental activity. While the specific methodology and findings aren't detailed, this represents early attempts to understand possible connections between brain function and electromagnetic fields.
S. J. Gill, Y. Downing · 1959
Researchers in 1959 developed specialized equipment to measure the magnetic properties of individual biological cells ranging from 1-20 microns in diameter. This pioneering work aimed to understand how single cells respond to magnetic fields when suspended in liquid, laying groundwork for studying cellular interactions with electromagnetic forces.
Charles Süsskind and Staff · 1959
This 1959 technical report by Charles Susskind examined how microwave radiation affects cellular function and lifespan in biological organisms. The research represented early scientific investigation into the biological effects of microwave exposure, focusing on fundamental cellular processes and longevity impacts. This work helped establish the foundation for understanding how microwave frequencies interact with living tissue.
W. A. Cumming · 1959
This 1959 technical survey examined methods for measuring radio frequency radiation fields, focusing on three main applications: fundamental electromagnetic wave studies, antenna design, and antenna performance testing. The research catalogued measurement techniques for various RF phenomena including diffraction, scattering, transmission patterns, and radiation gain. This foundational work established standardized approaches for quantifying RF electromagnetic fields that remain relevant today.
B. S. Jacobson, S. B. Prausnitz, C. Susskind · 1959
Researchers in 1959 exposed mice to 3-centimeter wavelength microwave radiation to study how electromagnetic energy affects body temperature regulation in mammals. The study found that microwave exposure could be used as a research tool to investigate thermal balance and heat exchange processes in warm-blooded animals. This early research laid groundwork for understanding how microwave radiation interacts with biological systems.
J. J. Windle, T. M. Shaw · 1959
This 1953 study measured how water content in wool fibers affects the absorption of microwave radiation at 3000 and 9300 MHz frequencies. Researchers found that as water content increased up to 19%, the wool absorbed significantly more microwave energy, making further measurements impossible due to excessive power loss.
Albertus Wildervanck et al. · 1959
This 1959 study examined experimental observations on a pulsed diathermy machine, which uses high-frequency radio waves for medical heating treatments. The research investigated temperature effects and operational characteristics of pulsed short-wave diathermy equipment. This represents early scientific investigation into how pulsed RF energy behaves in medical applications.
Johnson W, Kindsvatter VH, Shaw CC · 1959
This 1959 Navy study examined radiation hazards aboard the U.S.S. Galveston, a guided missile cruiser equipped with high-power radar systems. The research documented health risks to crew members from both microwave radar emissions and ionizing X-ray radiation. The study provided practical guidance for ship medical officers to protect personnel from these newly recognized occupational radiation exposures.
Macherauch E, Thelen PO · 1959
This 1959 German study measured radiation exposure to radiologists' eyes during fluoroscopy procedures of the chest and stomach. The research documented occupational X-ray exposure levels that medical professionals received while performing these common diagnostic imaging procedures. This early work helped establish understanding of radiation risks in medical settings.
T. H. ALLEN, B. E. WELCH, T. T. TRUJILLO, J. E. ROBERTS · 1959
This 1959 study analyzed the composition of human bodies, measuring the ratios of fat, water, and tissue solids excluding bone mineral in 30 healthy people. Researchers found that bodies contain about 78% water by weight (excluding bone) and developed equations to estimate body composition. The study established baseline measurements for understanding how human tissue density varies based on hydration and fat content.
John H. Heller, H. P. Schwan, D. W. C. Shen · 1959
This 1959 research by Heller, Schwan, and Shen demonstrated that radio frequency (RF) radiation produces biological effects in living organisms that cannot be explained by heating alone. The study marked early recognition that electromagnetic fields can affect biological systems through non-thermal mechanisms, challenging the prevailing view that only heat-based effects mattered.
LT Kermit R. Meade, USCG · 1959
This 1959 study by Meade examined radio frequency radiation hazards from radar systems, focusing on safe operating distances and power density measurements around radar antennas. The research addressed growing concerns about RF exposure risks as radar technology expanded in military and civilian applications during the post-war era.
WALTER JOHNSON, VICTOR H. KINDSVATTER, CHRISTOPHER C. SHAW · 1959
This 1959 Navy study documented radiation hazards aboard the USS Galveston, a guided missile cruiser equipped with high-powered radar systems. The research identified specific health risks to crew members from both microwave radar radiation and ionizing X-ray radiation. The study provided practical guidance for ship medical officers to recognize and protect against these occupational radiation exposures.
Frank Leary · 1959
This 1959 research examined health hazards from microwave radiation, focusing on radar systems and measuring devices used in military and industrial applications. The study reviewed biological effects of radiofrequency energy on living organisms during the early era of microwave technology development. This represents some of the earliest scientific investigation into microwave health risks, decades before consumer microwave ovens became common.
Nai-Yuen Chen · 1959
This 1959 conference paper by Chen explored how thermal energy transfers through clothing to skin using an artificial skin model. The research examined how different fabrics affect infrared radiation and heat transfer to human skin. This early work laid groundwork for understanding how materials interact with electromagnetic energy at thermal frequencies.
Louis Daily Jr. et al. · 1959
This 1950 study by L. Daily examined the effects of microwave diathermy (therapeutic microwave heating) on animal eyes, measuring temperature changes and documenting potential ocular damage. The research investigated how microwave energy used in medical treatments might affect eye tissues, providing early evidence of microwave-induced biological effects decades before widespread consumer microwave technology.
John F. Mason · 1959
This 1959 technical paper examined electronic detection systems for chemical and biological warfare agents. While focused on military applications, the research explored early electronic sensing technologies that would later inform modern EMF detection and measurement systems. The work represents foundational research in electronic detection methods during the Cold War era.
J. H. Heller, A. A. Teixeira-Pinto · 1959
In 1959, researchers discovered that pulsed radio frequency radiation at 27 MHz could create chromosomal aberrations in laboratory samples. Using short pulses (3 milliseconds) delivered 50-180 times per second, they found this RF energy could damage genetic material without causing significant heating. This early study revealed that electromagnetic fields could directly affect DNA structure.
Helmut Pauly, Lester Packer, H. P. Schwan · 1959
Scientists in 1959 measured the electrical properties of mitochondria (cellular powerhouses) from rat liver cells. They found these tiny structures have specific electrical capacitance values similar to other biological membranes, suggesting common structural features across different cell types.
