Schoemaker MJ, Swerdlow AJ · 2009
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in Southeast England from 2001 to 2005 with 291 cases and 630 controls. Detailed information on cellular phone use was collected by personal interview. Tumor risk was not associated with cellular phone use overall, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.9 (95% CI 0.7-1.3). Risk was not appreciably increased after 10 or more years since first use (OR 1.0, 0.5-1.9) or after 10 or more years of cumulative use (OR 1.1, 0.5-2.4). Odds ratios were 1.2 (0.7-1.9) for the highest quartile of cumulative calls and 1.1 (0.7-1.7) for the highest quartile of hours of use, and separate analyses of analog and digital phone use showed no associations.
Nam KC, Lee JH, Noh HW, Cha EJ, Kim NH, Kim DW. · 2009
Researchers tested 18 self-reported EHS and 19 non-EHS volunteers with sham and real RF exposure from CDMA cellular phones at 300 mW maximum for half an hour. They measured heart rate, respiration rate, heart rate variability, subjective symptoms, and EMF perception. RF exposure had no effect on physiological parameters or subjective symptoms in either group.
Marino AA, Carrubba S · 2009
The authors analyzed 55 reports that compared human brain electrical activity with and without mobile-phone electromagnetic fields or before and after exposure. Positive reports failed to adequately address family-wise error rates, spike artifacts, and the confounding influence of two different EMFs, while negative reports lacked positive controls and power analyses. The reviewers concluded that the crucial question of how mobile-phone EMFs affect brain activity remains unanswered and essentially unaddressed.
Hansteen IL et al. · 2009
The aim was to test if exposure used in mobile phones and wireless network technologies would induce DNA damage in cultured human lymphocytes with and without a known clastogen. Lymphocytes from six donors were exposed to 2.3 GHz, 10 W/m(2) continuous waves, or 2.3 GHz, 10 W/m(2) pulsed waves (200 Hz pulse frequency, 50% duty cycle). Mitomycin C was added to half of the cultures. No statistically significant differences were observed between control and exposed cultures. A weak trend for more chromosomal damage with the interaction of pulsed fields with mitomycin C compared to a constant field was observed.
Hansteen IL et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed lymphocytes from two smoking and four non-smoking donors for 53 hours to 1.0 W/m(2) continuous-wave at 18.0 GHz or 10 W/m(2) pulsed-wave at 16.5 GHz, alone or with MMC. DNA synthesis and repair were inhibited in some cultures. No synergistic effect was observed with MMC or with cells pre-exposed to tobacco smoke. A non-significant trend toward increased aberration frequencies appeared for 16.5 GHz pulsed exposure in DNA synthesis and repair inhibited cultures. Neither exposure induced statistically significant increases in chromosomal aberration frequencies.
Billaudel B et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to DAMPS and GSM signals using waveguide systems. No change in ODC activity was observed regardless of signal type, duration, or SAR.
Ahlbom A et al. · 2009
The review summarizes epidemiologic evidence on whether radiofrequency fields from mobile phones cause tumors. Studies to date do not show an increased risk of any brain or head tumor within roughly 10 years of use. Data do not suggest a causal link for fast-growing tumors like malignant glioma, but conclusions for slow-growing tumors and long-term use are less certain due to short observation periods.
Sannino A et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human dermal fibroblasts from a healthy donor and a Turner's syndrome donor to 900 MHz RF radiation for 24 hours using a GSM-like signal at 1 W/kg, and Turner's syndrome fibroblasts were also exposed for 1 hour. For RF exposure alone, DNA damage was assessed with the alkaline comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. RF radiation alone caused no genotoxic or cytotoxic effects in either cell line. MX increased DNA migration in the comet assay, but RF exposure did not enhance this MX-induced DNA damage.
Furubayashi T et al. · 2009
Researchers conducted a double-blind, cross-over study with 11 women reporting mobile phone related symptoms and 43 control women. Participants were exposed to 2.14 GHz W-CDMA fields at 10 V/m for 30 minutes under continuous, intermittent, and sham conditions. The symptom group did not detect real exposure better than controls but reported more discomfort during both real and sham exposure, with no differences in psychological, cognitive, or autonomic measures.
Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L · 2009
One thousand subjects, 500 of each sex aged 18–65 years, were randomly recruited using the population registry and assessed via postal questionnaire and blood samples for S100B. The response rate was 31.4%. The study failed to show that long- or short-term use of wireless telephones was associated with elevated serum S100B levels. The linear regression analysis of latency for UMTS use remained significant only for men (p = 0.01; n = 31). Total use of mobile and cordless phones over time yielded an odds ratio of 0.8 (95% CI 0.3–2.0) and same-day use yielded an odds ratio of 1.1 (95% CI 0.4–2.8).
Parazzini M et al. · 2009
Participants received 20 minutes of genuine or sham RF exposure at maximum phone output with 69 mW/kg SAR in the cochlea region. Auditory function was measured before and after exposure using hearing thresholds, otoacoustic emissions, and auditory evoked potentials. No consistent pattern of effects was found, and an isolated high-frequency threshold change was not statistically significant after multiple comparison correction. Researchers concluded that short-term UMTS exposure at maximum consumer phone output does not cause measurable immediate auditory effects.
Lipping T et al. · 2009
Eleven pigs were anaesthetized to a burst-suppression EEG level and exposed to a GSM mobile phone signal at 890 MHz. In phase I, EMF stimulation was randomly switched on and off to study the relation between EEG bursts and EMF onsets and endpoints. In phase II, continuous RF stimulation at 31 W/kg was applied for 10 minutes while ECG, EEG, and subcutaneous temperature were recorded. No correlation between exposure and EEG burst occurrences was observed in phase I, and no significant EEG changes were found in phase II. Subcutaneous temperature increased by 1.6°C and heart rate by 14.2 bpm on average during the 10-minute exposure periods.
Kwon MS et al. · 2009
Researchers recorded mismatch negativity responses to duration, intensity, frequency, and gap changes in 17 healthy young adults while a GSM phone was placed on either ear with the field on or off. The mismatch negativity was elicited by all deviant types, but its amplitude and latency showed no significant differences due to EMF exposure for any deviant type. The authors concluded there was no conclusive evidence that acute GSM mobile phone EMF exposure affects cortical auditory change detection processing reflected by the mismatch negativity.
Eltiti S et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed 44 sensitive and 44 matched-control participants to GSM, UMTS, and sham signals for 50 minutes at 10 mW/m2 under double-blind conditions. Participants performed digit symbol substitution, digit span, and mental arithmetic tasks during exposure. Cognitive functioning and physiological measures including blood volume pulse, heart rate, and skin conductance were not affected by exposure.
Wake K et al. · 2009
Compliance testing data are measured only on the surface near the device and in a small 3D region around the maximum on a homogeneous phantom. Validation confirmed the method provided good estimation of 3D SAR distribution in the head, especially in the brain. The method has been used in several studies in the INTERPHONE.
Vrijheid M et al. · 2009
Vrijheid M et al. · 2009
The study aimed to quantify selection bias from nonparticipation in a multinational case-control study of mobile phone use and brain tumor. Regular mobile phone use was reported less often by nonparticipants who completed the non-response questionnaire than by participants who completed the full interview. Bias factors ranged from 0.87 to 0.92, indicating roughly a 10% downward bias in odds ratios.
Schüz J, Waldemar G, Olsen JH, Johansen C. · 2009
Researchers conducted a large nationwide cohort study of mobile phone subscribers whose first subscription was between 1982 and 1995 and followed them through 2003 for central nervous system hospital contacts. Standardized hospitalization ratios were calculated by comparing observed hospital contacts in the cohort to expected numbers in the Danish population. The ratios were increased by 10-20% for migraine and vertigo, showed no association for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, or epilepsy in women, and were decreased by 30-40% for dementia, Parkinson disease, and epilepsy among men.
Myung SK et al. · 2009
Researchers investigated the association between mobile phone use and tumor risk using a meta-analysis of 23 case-control studies involving 37,916 participants. The overall odds ratio for mobile phone use compared with never or rare use was 0.98 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.07), indicating no significant association. Studies using blinding showed a significant positive association, while those without blinding showed a significant negative association. Mobile phone use for 10 years or longer was associated with an increased risk of tumors (odds ratio = 1.18; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.34). The authors concluded there is possible evidence linking mobile phone use to increased tumor risk from low-biased case-control studies and called for prospective cohort studies.
Mousavy SJ et al. · 2009
Researchers investigated the effect of mobile phone RF (910 MHz and 940 MHz) on the structure and function of HbA. Oxygen affinity was measured using sodium dithionite with a UV-vis spectrophotometer, and structural changes were studied by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that mobile phone EMFs altered oxygen affinity and tertiary structure of HbA. Furthermore, the decrease of oxygen affinity of HbA corresponded to the EMFs intensity and time of exposure.
Landgrebe M, Frick U, Hauser S, Hajak G, Langguth B. · 2009
The study used a case-control design with 89 electromagnetic hypersensitive patients and 107 matched controls to assess tinnitus occurrence and severity by questionnaires. Tinnitus was significantly more frequent in the electromagnetic hypersensitive group (50.72% vs. 17.5%) while tinnitus duration and severity did not differ between groups. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity and tinnitus were independent risk factors for sleep disturbances, but measures of individual EMF exposure like cell phone use did not show any association with tinnitus.
Kühn S, Jennings W, Christ A, Kuster N. · 2009
Researchers investigated absorption characteristics for anatomies ranging from a 6-year-old child to a large adult male using numerical modeling. They addressed exposure to plane waves incident from all six major sides of the human models with two orthogonal polarizations each. Worst-case scattered field exposure scenarios were constructed to test the implemented procedures of current in situ compliance measurement standards. The findings suggest that the reference levels of current electromagnetic safety guidelines and some measurement standards are not consistent with the basic restrictions and need to be revised.
Kristiansen IS et al. · 2009
Researchers used data from a 2006 telephone survey of 1004 people aged 15 years and older in Denmark to explore the prevalence, nature, and determinants of concerns about mobile phone radiation. Twenty-eight percent of respondents were concerned about mobile phone radiation, 15% about radiation from masts, and 82% about pollution. Nearly half considered the mortality risk of 3G phones and masts similar to being struck by lightning, while 7% thought it equivalent to tobacco-induced lung cancer. Among women, concerns were positively associated with education, perceived mortality risk, and concerns about unknown consequences of new technologies, and more than two-thirds felt they had received inadequate public information about the 3G system.
Joseph W, Verloock L, Tanghe E, Martens L. · 2009
Researchers categorized exposure locations by environment, population density, and mobile phone traffic, selected five sites, and collected 352,800 electric field time samples over time. They defined factor X as the ratio of actual maximal temporal measurements to estimated maximal values from short-period data, and factor R as the ratio of median to maximal momentary field measurements indicating signal variation over time. Median values of R were 0.92 for FM, 0.66 for GSM, and 0.71 for UMTS. Using an optimal method for X, median values were 1.05 for FM, 0.47 for GSM, and 0.96 for UMTS. Combining X and R allows estimation of actual maximal and median exposure during longer periods from short-period measurements.
Hu J, Lu Y, Zhang H, Xie H, Yang X. · 2009
Researchers randomly selected 18 residential districts with base stations and 10 without, using a TES-92 monitor to measure microwave radiation indoors and outdoors. Radiation levels were higher in districts with base stations than in control districts. Radiation peaked at about 10 meters from the station and decreased with distance. Aluminum alloy security nets reduced indoor radiation, while glass windows did not. All ground-level measurements around base stations were below the primary standard, but some windows facing the station had higher levels, and a few exceeded the primary safe level.
