Wood A, Loughran S, Stough C · 2006
In a double-blind cross-over study, 55 adult volunteers were exposed to mobile phone emissions for 30 minutes at 0.25 W average power or sham exposure on successive nights. Urine was collected before bed and upon waking, and melatonin output was estimated from 6-sulphatoxymelatonin concentrations, urine volume, and creatinine. Total melatonin metabolite output did not differ between active and sham exposure, but pre-bedtime output normalized to creatinine was significantly lower after active exposure.
Vrijheid M, Deltour I, Krewski D, Sanchez M, Cardis E. · 2006
The study used Monte Carlo simulations within the INTERPHONE study to examine how recall errors and selection bias affect case-control studies of mobile phone use and cancer. Results suggest that random recall errors of plausible levels can lead to a large underestimation of brain cancer risk, and random errors were found to have a larger impact than plausible systematic errors. Selection bias from underselecting unexposed controls produced J-shaped exposure-response patterns where risk appeared to decrease at low to moderate exposure levels.
Vrijheid M et al. · 2006
Vangelova K, Deyanov C, Israel M. · 2006
The study aimed to assess long-term effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on the cardiovascular system. Researchers studied two exposed groups of broadcasting and TV station operators and a control group of radiorelay station operators matched by sex and age. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the exposed groups. Radiofrequency EMR exposure was associated with a greater chance of becoming hypertensive and dyslipidemic. The authors concluded that radiofrequency EMR contributes to adverse cardiovascular effects.
Salahaldin AH, Bener A. · 2006
Researchers reviewed all acoustic neuroma cases registered at Hamad Medical Corporation during 2004-2005 to describe the epidemiology in Qatar. They diagnosed 13 patients, 10 women with a median age of 55 years and 3 men with a median age of 49 years. Most patients used cell phones daily an average of 14 times per day for more than 5 years, while 3 patients used them excessively for more than 20 minutes per call more than five times daily. The total incidence rate was 17.2 per million population, which the authors concluded is slightly higher than in other countries.
Papageorgiou CC et al. · 2006
Exposure increased the amplitude of P50 evoked by low-frequency stimuli at the Fp1 and O1 electrode leads. Exposure decreased the amplitude of P50 evoked by high-frequency stimuli at the Fp1 electrode lead.
Oktay MF, Dasdag S · 2006
The study enrolled three groups of 20 men each: heavy users who spoke on a cellular phone for about two hours per day for four years, moderate users who used a phone for 10 to 20 minutes per day for four years, and a control group of men who had never used a cellular phone. In brainstem evoked response audiometry the I-III, III-V, and I-V interpeak latencies were evaluated. The BERA results showed no differences among the groups. Pure tone audiometry found no difference between moderate users and controls. Heavy users had significantly higher detection thresholds at 4000 Hz for both bone and air conduction in the right ear and at 500 Hz and 4000 Hz for bone and air conduction in the left ear.
Linet MS et al. · 2006
Researchers used a questionnaire to assess cellular telephone use in 551 non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases and 462 population controls. Compared to never users, the odds ratios for non-Hodgkin lymphoma were close to 1.0 for all categories of lifetime use, indicating no increased risk. The study also found little evidence linking cellular telephone use to specific non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or follicular lymphoma. The authors noted that less than 5% of the population reported using cellular telephones for six or more years or for 200 or more cumulative hours.
Krause CM et al. · 2006
Researchers collected EEG data from 15 children aged 10 to 14 years while they performed an auditory memory task with and without exposure to a 902 MHz mobile phone in counterbalanced order. During memory encoding, the active mobile phone modulated event-related desynchronization and synchronization responses in the approximately 4 to 8 Hz EEG frequencies. During recognition, the active mobile phone transformed brain oscillatory responses in the approximately 4 to 8 Hz and approximately 15 Hz frequencies.
Keshvari J, Keshvari R, Lang S. · 2006
Keetley V, Wood AW, Spong J, Stough C. · 2006
The study compared the performance of 120 volunteers on eight neuropsychological tests during real or sham exposure to a digital mobile phone at maximum permissible radiofrequency power output. Results were adjusted for gender, age, and education, revealing several alterations at p<0.05. Simple and choice reaction times showed strong evidence of impairment. Trail Making Task performance improved, supporting the hypothesis that digital mobile phone radiofrequency emissions improve the speed of processing of information held in working memory.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2006
Two case-control studies on malignant brain tumours diagnosed during 1997-2003 included answers from 905 cases and 2,162 controls aged 20-80 years, and the results were pooled. Cumulative lifetime use exceeding 2,000 hours yielded odds ratios of 5.9 for analogue cellular phones, 3.7 for digital cellular phones, and 2.3 for cordless phones. Ipsilateral exposure increased the risk for malignant brain tumours with odds ratios of 2.1 for analogue, 1.8 for digital, and 1.7 for cordless phones. For high-grade astrocytoma with more than 10 years latency, analogue phones yielded an odds ratio of 2.7, digital phones 3.8, and cordless phones 2.2.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2006
Researchers conducted a pooled analysis of two case-control studies on benign brain tumours diagnosed during 1997-2003, including 1,254 cases and 2,162 controls aged 20-80 years. For acoustic neuroma, analogue cellular phones gave an odds ratio of 2.9 (95% CI 2.0-4.3), digital phones an odds ratio of 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-2.1), and cordless phones an odds ratio of 1.5 (95% CI 1.04-2.0). For meningioma, the odds ratios were 1.3 (95% CI 0.99-1.7) for analogue phones, 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.3) for digital phones, and 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.4) for cordless phones.
Hardell, L., Carlberg, M., Mild, K., 2005. · 2006
Researchers conducted a case-control study of cellular and cordless telephone use and malignant brain tumors diagnosed from 2000 to 2003, including 317 cases and 692 controls. Analog phone use had an odds ratio of 2.6, increasing to 3.5 after a latency period exceeding ten years. Cordless phone use had an odds ratio of 2.1, increasing to 2.9 after a latency period exceeding ten years. The odds ratio increased with cumulative hours of use and was highest for high-grade astrocytoma.
Hamann W, Abou-Sherif S, Thompson S, Hall S. · 2006
Researchers applied pulsed radiofrequency (20 ms of 500-kHz RF pulses at 2 Hz, max 42°C) to the sciatic nerve or L4 anterior primary ramus in adult rats. Controls included sham-operated and L4 axotomised rats, and tissues were examined 14 days later. Axotomy upregulated ATF3 in L4 DRG neurons regardless of size. PRF applied near the DRG significantly and selectively increased ATF3 in small and medium neurons, while PRF applied to the sciatic nerve in mid-thigh caused no obvious changes.
Ferreri F et al. · 2006
Fifteen male volunteers participated in two sessions one week apart with real or sham GSM mobile phone exposure for 45 minutes in a cross-over, double-blind design. Motor evoked potentials were recorded using a paired-pulse paradigm before and after exposure to assess intracortical excitability. Real exposure significantly modified the intracortical excitability curve with reduced short intracortical inhibition and enhanced intracortical facilitation in the exposed hemisphere compared to the non-exposed hemisphere or sham exposure. Tympanic temperature showed no significant changes during exposure.
Fayos-Fernandez J et al. · 2006
The study examined how metallic objects attached or pierced to the ear interact with mobile phone antennas and a human head. Simulated and measured results indicate that wearing metallic objects close to the radiation source may increase peak SAR averaged values. Researchers used a quasi-half-wavelength dipole with the DASY4 system and tested two head models: a homogeneous sphere and a three-level model with four tissue types.
Faucon G, Le Bouquin Jeannes R, Maby E. · 2006
Nine healthy subjects and six temporal epileptic patients were exposed to radiofrequencies emitted by a GSM mobile phone while EEG signals were recorded with surface electrodes. For healthy subjects, EEG spectral energy decreased on the studied frequency band [0-40 Hz] and more precisely on occipital electrodes for the alpha-band. For epileptic patients, modifications were demonstrated by an increase of the power spectral density of the EEG signal. The authors noted that these biological effects on the EEG are not sufficient to put forward an electrophysiological hypothesis.
Esen F, Esen H · 2006
Researchers examined how cellular phone electromagnetic fields affect evoked neuronal activity related to electrodermal activity, an index of sympathetic nervous system activity. Exposure lengthened skin resistance response latency by approximately 200 ms regardless of which side of the head the phone was placed. The hemispheric asymmetry of the EDA-2 pathway, shown by shorter latency in the right hand of right-hand responders, was also distorted.
Erogul O et al. · 2006
Researchers enrolled 27 men and divided each semen sample into two parts, exposing one to 900 MHz cellular phone radiation. Exposure caused a subtle decrease in rapid and slow progressive sperm movement and an increase in non-motile sperm. Sperm concentration did not differ significantly between exposed and unexposed samples.
Eliyahu I et al. · 2006
Thirty-six healthy right-handed men performed four cognitive tasks under right-side, left-side, and sham exposure conditions. The study used a standard GSM phone at 890 MHz operated at full power via a base station simulator. Left-side exposure slowed left-hand response time in the later experimental period, an effect seen in three of four tasks but highly significant in only one. The exposure intensity and duration exceeded typical cell phone user exposure.
de Salles AA, Bulla G, Rodriguez CE. · 2006
Researchers simulated Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in adult and child head models using the Finite Difference Time Domain method at 850 MHz and 1850 MHz. They used realistic head models with fitted electromagnetic parameters and tested microstrip and quarter-wavelength monopole antennas. The 1g-SAR for children was higher than for adults, exceeding 60% higher in the 10-year-old model. Results were compared with international recommendations.
Burch JB et al. · 2006
Researchers quantified RF exposures among 280 residents living near Denver broadcast transmitters. RF power densities were measured outside and inside homes, and GPS and GIS view-shed models characterized distance, elevation, and transmitter visibility. Over a 2.5-day period, mean residential RF levels did not differ overall, but RF levels varied considerably among some homes. After a 1- to 2-year follow-up, only 25% of exterior and 38% of interior RF measurements remained unchanged. Homes with more than 50% of transmitters visible at distances of 1-3 km had exterior RF measurements 13-30 times greater than homes with less visibility.
Berg G et al. · 2006
A population-based case-control study included 381 meningioma cases, 366 glioma cases, and 1,494 controls aged 30 to 69 years in three German regions from 2000 to 2003. Researchers built an exposure matrix from computer-assisted personal interviews and defined high exposure as potentially exceeding ICNIRP public limits. Adjusted odds ratios for high exposure were 1.21 (95% CI: 0.69, 2.13) for glioma and 1.34 (95% CI: 0.64, 2.81) for meningioma, indicating no significant association.
Aalto S et al. · 2006
Researchers studied the effects of a commercial mobile phone on regional cerebral blood flow in healthy humans using PET imaging. A mobile phone in operation induced a local decrease in cerebral blood flow beneath the antenna in the inferior temporal cortex and an increase in the prefrontal cortex. The study used a double-blind, counterbalanced design with 12 male subjects performing a verbal working memory task.
