Bit-Babik G et al. · 2003
Researchers investigated the estimation of SAR in the human head and body from handheld mobile phones with hands-free accessories. The results show that the opposite is observed when proper dosimetric methods are employed. Human phantoms for such measurements should include the torso, not just the head, because the body strongly attenuates RF energy coupled into the accessory leads. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements agree that hands-free accessories decrease RF energy exposure in the human head.
Astrain I, Bernaus J, Claverol J, Escobar A, Godoy P. · 2003
The study used direct observation of 1536 cars at six traffic-light intersections in Lleida, excluding cyclists, motorcyclists, and driving school cars. Mobile phone use was detected in 50 drivers, giving a prevalence of 3.3% (95% CI 2.4-4.3). Higher odds of phone use were found for men (OR 2.2), drivers aged 18-40 (OR 1.5) and over 60 (OR 2.2), unaccompanied drivers (OR 3.0), at urban intersections (OR 2.7), on workdays (OR 2.0), and during rush hour (OR 1.4).
Arai N, Enomoto H, Okabe S, Yuasa K, Kamimura Y, Ugawa Y. · 2003
Researchers studied auditory brainstem response, ABR recovery function, and middle latency response before and after 30 minutes of mobile phone use in 15 normal-hearing volunteers. None of the three measures were affected by the exposure. The researchers concluded that 30 minutes of mobile phone use has no short-term adverse effects on the human auditory system.
Nakamura H et al. · 2003
Researchers compared microwave exposure to water immersion at matched temperature rises in thirty-six pregnant rats assigned to six groups with 90-minute exposures. No significant differences in uteroplacental circulation or placental endocrine and immune functions were found between rats exposed to 0.6 mW/cm2 microwaves and those immersed at 38 °C. At 3 mW/cm2, microwaves caused significant decreases in uteroplacental blood flow and estradiol compared with rats immersed at 40 °C.
Liljestrand B, Sandström M, Hansson Mild K. · 2003
The study aimed to investigate RF exposure during use of electrosurgical units. Researchers measured electric fields near the lead wires of two electrosurgical units, a BARD 3000 at 0.5 MHz and an ERBE ICC 350 at 0.3–1 MHz, at distances of 5–30 cm during cutting and coagulating at 10–100 W. The calculated local exposure of the surgeon's hand was estimated to exceed 15 kV/m for the electric field and 16 µT for the magnetic field, exceeding the suggested international reference levels at 0.5 MHz of 610 V/m and 4 µT.
Huber R et al. · 2003
Dabrowski MP et al. · 2003
Researchers exposed cultured human blood mononuclear cells isolated from 16 healthy donors to 1300 MHz pulse-modulated microwaves at a power density of 10 W/m2 and a SAR of 0.18 W/kg. Lymphocyte proliferative responses and IL-2 receptor saturation did not change, though lymphocyte production of IL-10 increased (P < .001). Monocyte production of IL-1β increased significantly (P < .01), the concentration of its antagonist IL-1ra dropped by half (P < .01), and TNF-α remained unchanged. The researchers concluded that pulse-modulated microwaves represent the potential of immunotropic influence, stimulating preferentially the immunogenic and proinflammatory activity of monocytes at relatively low levels of exposure.
Wilén J, Sandström M, Hansson Mild K · 2003
Researchers selected 2,402 people from an epidemiological study who used any of the four most common GSM MP. The study combined data on symptom prevalence, calling time per day, and number of calls per day with measurements of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). The results indicated that SAR values above 0.5 W/kg may be an important factor for the prevalence of some symptoms, especially in combination with long calling times per day.
Mashevich M et al. · 2003
Researchers examined whether in vitro exposure of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to continuous 830 MHz electromagnetic fields causes losses and gains of chromosomes, a condition called aneuploidy. Cells were irradiated at SAR levels ranging from 1.6 to 8.8 W/kg for 72 hours. A linear increase in chromosome 17 aneuploidy was observed as a function of the SAR value, which the researchers described as a genotoxic effect. Control experiments conducted without any RF radiation across a temperature range of 34.5 to 38.5 °C showed that elevated temperature was not associated with the increased aneuploidy or the changes in centromeric DNA replication seen after RF exposure.
Unknown authors · 2002
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in 1997 among 15,000 men and women aged 19 to 80 in Stockholm County with a 73% response rate. One and a half percent of respondents reported hypersensitivity to electric or magnetic fields. Prevalence was highest among women and in the 60- to 69-year age group. The hypersensitive group reported all symptoms, allergies, and other hypersensitivities, as well as being disturbed by various home factors, to a significantly greater extent than other respondents. No specific symptom profile distinguished the hypersensitive group from other respondents.
Unknown authors · 2002
Researchers reported the results of a telephone survey among a sample of 2,072 Californians. Being allergic or very sensitive to electrical devices was reported by 68 subjects, giving an adjusted prevalence of 3.2%. The strongest predictor of reporting hypersensitivity was a doctor-diagnosed environmental illness or multiple chemical sensitivity. Risk perception from hair dryers was most associated with self-reporting, but risk perception alone did not explain the characteristics.
Unknown authors · 2002
Researchers sent a questionnaire to 350 patients registered with electrical sensitivity at a Swedish hospital from 1980 to 1998, achieving a 73% response rate. The study included 50 respondents with hypersensitivity to electricity (38% men, 62% women) and 200 with VDT-related skin symptoms (21.5% men, 78.5% women). Patients with hypersensitivity to electricity were more often not gainfully employed (38% vs 17%) and their medical prognosis did not improve over time, unlike the VDT group.
Unknown authors · 2002
Unknown authors · 2002
Researchers conducted a nested case-control study with 177 cases and 550 controls to assess the relation between retrospective magnetic field measures and clinical miscarriage among Kaiser Permanente members in northern California. They evaluated wire codes, area measures, and three personal meter metrics including rate-of-change, maximum level, and time-weighted average. For personal metrics at 30 weeks, adjusted odds ratios for the highest quartile were 3.1 for rate-of-change, 2.3 for maximum value, and 1.7 for time-weighted average. A prospective substudy of 219 participants found exposure measurements at 12 weeks were poorly correlated with those at 30 weeks, yet miscarriage risk results were consistent with the nested study.
Unknown authors · 2002
Unknown authors · 2002
Researchers conducted case-referent studies of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease using death records of males in Colorado from 1987 to 1996. Three exposure assessment methods were used: electrical versus nonelectrical occupations, a three-tiered job-title and industry grouping, and a job-exposure matrix with magnetic-field means. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was associated with electrical occupations but not with magnetic-field exposure from the job-exposure matrix. No consistent associations with magnetic fields were observed for Alzheimer's disease.
Unknown authors · 2002
The paper estimates the annual number of excess illness cases that might occur near high-voltage powerlines in the UK. Within 150m of powerlines, magnetic field exposures above 0.1 microT are postulated to result in 9000 excess cases of depression in adults and 60 cases of suicide. Within 400m of powerlines, this may result annually in 200-400 excess cases of lung cancer, 2000-3000 cases of other illnesses associated with air population and 2-6 cases of childhood leukaemia. Seventeen cases of non-melanoma skin cancer might occur by exposure directly under powerlines.
Unknown authors · 2002
Researchers measured magnetic fields and two sources of contact current in 36 homes in Pittsfield, MA. The first source, VP–W, is the voltage due to current in the grounding wire, and the second, VW–E, is the voltage between the water pipe and earth.
Unknown authors · 2002
Unknown authors · 2002
However, research reports indicate that living cells may respond to power-frequency fields well below the thermal noise limits. The study proposes that published thermal arguments may not fully account for all membrane force fields of thermal origin, and that a full accounting could show smaller net thermal noise fields in the power-frequency range.
Unknown authors · 2002
Researchers surveyed 530 people (270 men, 260 women) living near or not near cellular phone base stations about 18 non-specific health symptoms. Complaint frequencies were compared by distance and sex using a chi-square test with Yates correction. Significant increases were seen for tiredness up to 300 m, for headache, sleep disturbance and discomfort up to 200 m, and for irritability, depression, memory loss, dizziness and libido decrease up to 100 m. Women reported headache, nausea, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, depression, discomfort and visual perturbations significantly more often than men.
Shckorbatov YG et al. · 2002
Researchers used intracellular microelectrophoresis to study electrokinetic properties of nuclei in human buccal epithelial cells after microwave exposure at wavelengths of 8 mm and 16 mm with a surface power density of 0.2 mW/cm(2). Microwave irradiation for 15-60 s induced ENN changes, decreasing ENN when it was initially elevated and increasing it when initially low. No significant difference between the action of microwaves of wavelengths of 8 mm and 16 mm was found. Microwave exposure increased membrane permeability for the in vivo dye indigo Carmine in cells from all donors regardless of initial ENN levels.
Ozturan O, Erdem T, Miman MC, Kalcioglu MT, Oncel S. · 2002
Researchers exposed 30 volunteers with normal hearing to mobile telephone electromagnetic fields for 10 minutes and measured evoked otoacoustic emissions before and after exposure. No measurable change in evoked otoacoustic emissions was detected, and none of the volunteers reported a deterioration in hearing. The researchers concluded that a 10-minute exposure had no effect on hearing at outer ear, middle ear, and cochlear levels.
Hietanen M, Hämäläinen A-M, Husman T. · 2002
The study tested the hypothesis that hypersensitive persons perceive symptoms from RF fields using double blind provocation experiments. Twenty volunteers who reported sensitivity to cellular phones participated. Exposure sources were one analogue NMT phone at 900 MHz and two digital GSM phones at 900 and 1800 MHz. Each test session lasted 30 minutes with three or four sessions in random order per day. More symptoms were reported during sham exposure than during real exposure, and no subject could distinguish real from sham exposure.
Bortkiewicz A, Pilacik B, Gadzicka E, Szymczak W. · 2002
