EMF Research Studies

THE HAZARDS OF RADIO TRANSMITTERS AND THEIR CORRECTION

READ H. CARD · 1957

Changes in peripheral blood flow produced by short-wave diathermy

Abramson DI, Harris AJ, Beaconsfield P, Schroeder JM · 1957

Eye Protection in Radar Fields

W. G. Egan · 1957

THE CONDUCTIVITY OF LIVING TISSUES

H. P. Schwan, C. F. Kay · 1957

POTENTIAL GROUND HAZARDS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE/RADAR

Charles W. Simon, Logan E. Anderson · 1956

Military Aspects of the Biological Effects of Microwave Radiation

S. I. Brody · 1956

Protective Measures for Microwave Radiation Hazards: 750 to 30,000 Mc

H. R. Meahl · 1956

The author summarized that continuous exposure to a field intensity of 0.001 watt per square centimeter appears to cause no harmful effects to either animals or men. Monitoring instruments can detect fields exceeding 0.001 watt per Square cm. Microwaves may be greatly intensified by reflections from objects that do not reflect light well. The paper calls for monitoring microwave radiation to limit exposure and describes two inexpensive monitoring devices. Materials and techniques to limit field strength are also indicated.

HAZARDS DUE TO TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION BY RADAR

H. P. SCHWAN, K. LI · 1956

Physical Evaluation of Personnel Exposed to Microwave Emanations

C. I. Barron, A. A. Love, A. A. Baraff · 1956

Physical Evaluation of Personnel Exposed to Microwave Emanations

CHARLES I. BARRON, ARTHUR A. LOVE, ALBERT A. BARAFF · 1955

THE SUBJECTIVE EFFECTS OF GENERAL IRRADIATION

George H. Day · 1955

THE MECHANISM OF ABSORPTION OF ULTRAHIGH FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY IN TISSUES, AS RELATED TO THE PROBLEM OF TOLERANCE DOSAGE

Herman P. Schwan, Kam Li · 1955

CHANGES IN TISSUE CLEARANCE OF RADIOACTIVE SODIUM FROM SKIN AND MUSCLE DURING HEATING WITH SHORT-WAVE DIATHERMY

J. B. Millard · 1955

Variations Between Measured and Biologically Effective Microwave Diathermy Dosage

Herman P. Schwan, Kam Li · 1955

THE ABSORPTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY IN BODY TISSUES

Herman P. Schwan, Geo Morris Piersol · 1955

CHANGES IN TISSUE CLEARANCE OF RADIOACTIVE SODIUM FROM SKIN AND MUSCLE DURING HEATING WITH SHORT-WAVE DIATHERMY; A PRELIMINARY REPORT

J. B. MILLARD · 1955

EEG after radar-application

L. Sinisi · 1954

Comparative Evaluation of Electromagnetic and Ultrasonic Diathermy

Herman P. Schwan, Edwin L. Carstensen, Kam Li · 1954

THE ABSORPTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY IN BODY TISSUES: A Review and Critical Analysis

Herman P. Schwan, Geo. Morris Piersol · 1954

The authors classify biological effects of high-frequency currents and radiation into thermal, specific thermal, and nonthermal categories, and state that nonthermal effects cannot withstand criticism. They report that selective heating of microscopic particles such as bacteria or cells is not possible because the temperature rise is less than 1/1000°C, and selective heating only occurs for particles at least 1 mm in diameter. The review finds that fatty tissue is heated more than muscle at all practical current therapy frequencies up to about 100 Mc. It also calculates that a coupling medium with a dielectric constant of about 65 can reduce reflection losses to about 7 per cent at 1000 Mc.

The Operational Hazard of Microwave Radiation

Sidney I. Brody · 1953

Relationship Between Injury and Pain in the Human Skin

F. B. Benjamin · 1953

Thresholds of Pain and Reflex Contraction as Related to Noxious Stimulation

James D. Hardy, Irving Jacobs, Margaret D. Meixner · 1953

Capacity and Conductivity of Body Tissues at Ultrahigh Frequencies

Herman P. Schwan, Kam Li · 1953

They also measured temperature dependence for fatty tissue, kidney, heart muscle, and liver. The analysis attributed the frequency dependence to cellular structure, water polarity, and protein content.

Heating of Fat-Muscle Layers by Electromagnetic and Ultrasonic Diathermy

Herman P. Schwan, Edwin L. Carstensen, Kam Li · 1953

Skin Impedance in Relation to Pain Threshold Testing by Electrical Means

EMILY E. MUELLER, ROBERT LOEFFEL, SEDGWICK MEAD · 1953