Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers exposed UVW human glioma cells to ELF-EMF at 1 mT (50 Hz) for 12 hours. This exposure alone produced 0.011 mutations per locus per cell, a 3.75-fold increase over unexposed controls. ELF-EMF also increased the mutagenic effect of 0.3 Gy and 3 Gy gamma-irradiation by 2.6-fold and 2.75-fold respectively. The lower radiation dose of 0.3 Gy induced more than 10 times more mutations per unit dose than 3 Gy, indicating hypermutability at low dose.
Unknown authors · 2007
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers exposed THP1 cells to a static magnetic field of 250 mT for 1, 2, or 3 hours to investigate antioxidant enzyme activity, the labile zinc fraction, and DNA damage. Cell viability was slightly lower in the exposed groups compared to sham-exposed cells. Malondialdehyde concentration and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase did not change significantly in group 3 compared to sham. Comet assay showed no DNA damage in groups 1 and 2, but a low level of single-strand breaks appeared in group 3, while the oxidative DNA lesion 8-oxodGuo remained unchanged. The labile zinc fraction decreased in all exposure groups.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers exposed the U-251 MG human glial cell line to 60 GHz millimeter wave radiation for 1 to 33 hours at two power densities. They measured transcription factor activation, mRNA levels, and protein amounts for the chaperone genes clusterin and HSP70. No significant changes were found in gene transcription, mRNA, or protein levels for the tested exposure conditions.
Zeni O et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed human whole blood samples from healthy donors to terahertz radiation for 20 min. They tested frequencies of 120 GHz at 0.4 mW g-1 SAR and 130 GHz at 0.24, 1.4, and 2 mW g-1 SAR. Chromosomal damage and cell cycle kinetics were assessed using the cytokinesis block micronucleus technique. Samples exposed to 130 GHz at SAR levels of 1.4 and 2 mW g-1 were also examined for primary DNA damage with the alkaline comet assay. The results indicate that terahertz exposure under these conditions did not induce genotoxicity or alter cell cycle kinetics in human blood cells.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers subjected insulin chain-B to oscillating electric fields of different frequencies. Lower-frequency fields produced static-field-like behavior that constrained the peptide's intrinsic flexibility. This constraint potentially restricted access to the protein's active state.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers exposed murine L929 fibroblasts, rat C6 glioblastoma cells, human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and rat primary astrocytes to 872 MHz RF radiation. Cells were exposed for 2, 8, or 24 hours to continuous wave or GSM-modulated signals at specific absorption rates of 1.5, 2.5, or 6.0 W/kg. ODC activity in rat primary astrocytes decreased significantly at 1.5 and 6.0 W/kg with both signal types. Secondary cell lines showed generally no change in ODC activity.
Preece AW, Georgiou AG, Dunn EJ, Farrow S · 2007
Field strengths in exposed villages reached up to 0.30 (Volts/Vm(-1) metre) from the 17.6 MHz military transmissions and up to 1.4 Vm(-1) from other sources, while the control village measured below 0.01 Vm(-1). Compared with the control village, exposed residents reported significantly more migraine, headache, and dizziness, and had poorer scores on all eight SF-36 health domains. The authors noted heightened risk perception, especially for noise and electromagnetic pollution, and suggested the symptom excess was more likely due to antenna visibility or aircraft noise.
Speit G, Schütz P, Hoffmann H. · 2007
Researchers exposed ES1 cells to 1800 MHz RF-EMF at 2 W/kg SAR with intermittent exposure and tested for DNA damage using the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus test. They also tested V79 Chinese hamster cells and found no genotoxic effect in either assay. Quality control measures were used to rule out test performance issues, exposure failure, or evaluation bias.
Peyman A, Holden SJ, Watts S, Perrott R, Gabriel C · 2007
The dielectric properties of pig cerebrospinal tissues were measured in vivo and in vitro in the frequency range of 50 MHz-20 GHz. White matter and spinal cord showed significant variation as a function of animal age while no age-related variations were recorded for grey matter. The in vitro study included tissue from pigs weighing approximately 10, 50, and 250 kg to examine variation with age. Total combined measurement uncertainty was calculated at each frequency point and reported over representative frequency regions. Comparisons were made between the in vivo and in vitro data and with literature from the past decade.
Zhao TY, Zou SP, Knapp PE. · 2007
Researchers exposed primary cultured neurons and astrocytes to GSM cell phone emissions at 1900 MHz for 2 hours. Neurons showed up-regulation of caspase-2, caspase-6, and Asc genes in both 'on' and 'stand-by' modes. Astrocytes showed up-regulation of the same genes only in 'on' mode and also up-regulated the Bax gene.
Wang KJ, Yao K, Lu DQ. · 2007
Sahebjamei H, Abdolmaleki P, Ghanati F · 2007
Researchers investigated the effects of static magnetic fields on antioxidant enzyme activities in suspension-cultured tobacco cells. Cells were exposed to static magnetic fields at 10 and 30 mT for 5 days, 5 hours each day, and compared with control cells. Superoxide dismutase activity increased with exposure, while catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased, and lipid peroxidation levels also increased.
Cheun BS, Yi SH, Baik KY, Lim JK, Yoo JS, Shin HW, Soh KS · 2007
Researchers studied biophoton emission from Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells treated with hydrogen peroxide, with and without exposure to a 60 Hz AC magnetic field. Hydrogen peroxide increased biophoton emission from the cells, and the increase was dependent on the amount of hydrogen peroxide applied. When the 60 Hz AC magnetic field was applied, the decay of chemiluminescence intensity took a different path compared to cells not exposed to the field.
Ning W, Xu SJ, Chiang H, Xu ZP, Zhou SY, Yang W, Luo JH · 2007
Researchers cultured hippocampal neurons from rats and exposed them to GSM 1800 MHz microwaves at either 2.4 or 0.8 W/kg for 15 minutes each day from DIV6 to DIV14. At 2.4 W/kg, the density and mobility of dendritic filopodia at DIV8 and the density of mature spines at DIV14 were significantly decreased, and the average length of dendrites per neuron at DIV10 and DIV14 was also decreased. Dendritic arborization was unaltered in the exposed neurons, and no significant changes were found in neurons exposed to 0.8 W/kg.
Meral I et al. · 2007
In brain tissue, the MDA level increased and GSH level and CAT enzyme activity decreased in EMF-exposed guinea pigs, while vitamins A, E, and D3 levels did not change. In blood, MDA, vitamins A, D3, and E levels, and CAT enzyme activity increased, while GSH level decreased in the EMF-exposed guinea pigs.
Unknown authors · 2006
Researchers exposed two human cell lines, neuronal SK-N-SH and monocytoid U937, to a 900 MHz RF signal pulsed at 217 Hz with a SAR of 0.2 W/kg. For SK-N-SH cells, they assessed effects using gene microarray, real-time PCR, Western blot for heat shock proteins, and flow cytometry for cell cycle and apoptosis. For U937 cells, they assessed effects using cell viability and cell cycle analysis. No significant difference was found between sham-exposed and radiofrequency-exposed cells in any assay or condition.
Unknown authors · 2006
Researchers exposed human whole-blood leukocytes and isolated lymphocytes to high power microwave pulses at 8.8 GHz for 40 minutes in a rectangular waveguide. The average specific absorption rate was about 1.6 kW/kg with a peak of about 300 MW/kg, and the sample temperature rose by 3.5 ± 0.1 °C. No statistically significant DNA damage was found immediately after exposure or after a 30-minute incubation at 37 °C. The authors concluded that the pulses did not induce DNA strand breaks, alkali-labile sites, or incomplete excision repair sites detectable by the alkaline comet assay.
Whitehead TD, Moros EG, Brownstein BH, Roti Roti JL. · 2006
Researchers exposed cultured C3H 10T 1/2 cells to cell phone RF radiation at a specific absorption rate of 5 W/kg for 24 hours. Gene expression was measured using Affymetrix microarrays and compared to sham controls. The RF exposure did not produce more gene expression changes than expected by chance. In contrast, X-ray exposure at 0.68 Gy with a 4-hour recovery produced more changes than the sham comparison.
Thorlin et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed cultured astroglial and microglial cells to 900 MHz microwave radiation at various SARs and durations. They measured markers including interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, glial fibrillary acidic protein, total protein, and ED-1. No significant differences were found for any parameter at any time or radiation characteristic. Total protein levels remained constant and cell morphology appeared unaffected. The study concluded no evidence for effects on damage-related factors in glial cells.
Túnez I et al. · 2006
Researchers investigated the effect of transcranial magnetic field stimulation on free radical production and neuronal cell loss caused by 3-nitropropionic acid in rats. 3-nitropropionic acid induced oxidative and nitrosative stress in the striatum and prompted cell loss. Transcranial magnetic stimulation prevented the harmful effects induced by the acid.
Copty AB, Neve-Oz Y, Barak I, Golosovsky M, Davidov D. · 2006
Researchers compared the effects of microwave irradiation and conventional heating on the fluorescence of solution-based green fluorescent protein. Both microwave irradiation and conventional heating decreased fluorescence intensity and red-shifted the spectrum. The microwave-induced fluorescence changes could not be explained by heating alone.
Beede KE, Kass SJ. · 2006
Thirty-six college students with a median of 6 years of driving experience completed a driving history questionnaire and four simulated driving scenarios. The distraction tasks consisted of responding to a signal detection task and engaging in a simulated cell phone conversation. Driving performance was measured in four categories: traffic violations, driving maintenance, attention lapses, and response time. Performance was significantly impacted in all four categories when drivers were concurrently talking on a hands-free phone.
Anghileri LJ, Mayayo E, Domingo JL. · 2006
The study investigated the effects of parenteral iron administration on the acceleration of lymphomagenesis by radiofrequency exposure using an animal model that develops spontaneous lymphomas with ageing. Complementary studies showed differences in absorption and excretion between ferric gluconate and ferric-ATP complex, and molecular structure-dependence in calcium cellular uptake. The results demonstrated a synergism between radiofrequency and ferric gluconate, and increased risk of radiofrequency exposure when simultaneous to parenteral iron administration.
Xu S, Ning W, Xu Z, Zhou S, Chiang H, Luo J. · 2006
The study assessed the effects of microwave exposure on cultured rat hippocampal neurons using whole cell patch-clamp analysis combined with immunocytochemistry. Chronic exposure for 15 minutes per day over 8 days to GSM 1800-MHz microwaves at a SAR of 2.4 W/kg selectively reduced the amplitude of AMPA miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, while the frequency of AMPA mEPSCs and the amplitude of NMDA mEPSCs did not change. The same exposure decreased the expression of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) in the cultured neurons.
