Danker-Hopfe H, Dorn H, Bornkessel C, Sauter C. · 2010
Researchers conducted a double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized cross-over study with 397 residents exposed to GSM base station signals and sham exposure at home for 12 nights. No significant differences in objective or subjective sleep measures were found between real and sham exposure conditions. During sham exposure nights, participants with concerns about health risks from base stations had significantly worse sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and subjective sleep latency than those without concerns. The authors concluded that EMF from base stations did not affect sleep quality, but the presence of base stations themselves may negatively impact sleep.
Crespo-Valero P et al. · 2010
The methodology enhances dosimetry assessment using finite difference time domain simulations or compliance dosimetry measurements. Applications include detailed dosimetric analysis of brain exposure during cell phone use and improved design of exposure setups for human studies. A hierarchical labeling scheme mapped onto high-resolution human models automatically identifies over a thousand brain sites. Electromagnetic absorption can be extracted and interpreted for any brain region or combination of regions.
Colletti V et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed seven patients with Ménière's disease undergoing retrosigmoid vestibular neurectomy to a mobile phone placed over the craniotomy for 5 minutes. All patients showed a substantial decrease in amplitude and a significant increase in latency of cochlear nerve compound action potentials during the 5 minutes of exposure. The changes lasted for around 5 minutes after exposure ended.
Christ A, Gosselin MC, Christopoulou M, Kühn S, Kuster N. · 2010
Researchers compared absorption in cortex regions using MRI-based head phantoms of adults and children exposed to different mobile phone models. Locally induced fields in children were significantly higher (>3 dB) in brain subregions (cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus) and the eye due to closer phone proximity. Bone marrow showed an even larger increase (>10 dB) due to its high conductivity. Pineal gland showed no increase as its distance to the phone does not change with age. The study confirmed no age-dependent changes in peak spatial SAR when averaged over the entire head.
Angelone LM, Bit-Babik G, Chou CK. · 2010
Researchers performed a finite-difference time-domain simulation of a human head model with EEG electrodes and leads exposed to RF sources at 915 MHz and 1748 MHz. Whole-head and peak 10-g average SAR changed by less than 20% with leads present, and peak SAR values remained below ICNIRP and IEEE limits. However, a volumetric assessment revealed a two-order-of-magnitude increase in single-voxel power absorption in the epidermis and a 40-fold increase in the brain when metallic leads were used with a 915 MHz mobile phone.
Aksu R et al. · 2010
Researchers used 18 New Zealand rabbits divided into three groups, and ligated the left sciatic nerve in two groups. Pulsed radiofrequency was applied to the L5 and L6 dorsal roots of one group at 42°C for 8 minutes. Ten days after nerve ligation, both ligated groups showed lower responses to heat and mechanical stimuli compared with baseline, confirming neuropathic pain. In the PRF-treated group, responses to the hot plate test returned to baseline levels by two weeks and to mechanical stimuli by three weeks, while the untreated ligated group continued to show decreased responses at four weeks. The researchers concluded that pulsed radiofrequency reduced the hyperalgesia caused by neuropathic pain.
Politański P et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed C57BL/6 mice to 8 hours of 119 dB SPL 4 kHz octave band noise and assessed auditory brainstem response, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity in the cochlea before and at five time points over two weeks. The auditory brainstem response showed no permanent functional damage from noise exposure in either the static magnetic field exposed group or the non-exposed group. However, lipid peroxidation levels, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity differed significantly between mice exposed to both noise and static magnetic field and those exposed to noise only.
Wang Z, Che PL, Du J, Ha B, Yarema KJ. · 2010
Researchers investigated static magnetic fields by focusing on the adenosine A2A receptor in PC12 rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells that display metabolic features of Parkinson's disease. Static magnetic fields reproduced several responses elicited by ZM241385 and counteracted several PD-relevant endpoints exacerbated by CGS21680 in a manner similar to ZM241385.
Reyes-Guerrero G et al. · 2010
Researchers studied the influence of ELF EMF on estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mRNA expression in the olfactory bulb of adult female and male rats using RT-PCR. ELF EMF exerted a biphasic effect on female olfactory bulb ERβ mRNA expression, increasing it during diestrous and decreasing it during estrous. No influence of ELF EMF was observed on female olfactory bulb ERα mRNA expression. In male rats, ERα and ERβ mRNA expression levels did not vary with ELF EMF exposure.
Vecchio F et al. · 2010
Researchers recorded eyes-closed resting EEG data from 16 healthy elderly subjects and 5 young subjects during GSM-on and GSM-off conditions lasting 45 minutes each. Spectral coherence measured inter-hemispheric synchronization across delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands. Elderly subjects showed a statistically significant increment of inter-hemispheric coherence of frontal and temporal alpha rhythms during the GSM condition compared to young subjects. The results suggest GSM-EMFs affect inter-hemispheric synchronization of alpha EEG rhythms as a function of physiological aging.
Thomas S, Heinrich S, von Kries R, Radon K · 2010
Researchers randomly selected 1,498 children and 1,524 adolescents from population registries in four Bavarian cities and measured their RF exposure over 24 hours with personal dosimeters. Mental health behaviour was assessed using the German version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Measured exposure in the highest quartile was associated with overall behavioural problems in adolescents but not in children. Exposure was associated with conduct problems in both children and adolescents.
Panda NK, Jain R, Bakshi J, Munjal S. · 2010
Participants underwent a battery of audiologic investigations including pure-tone audiometry, tympanometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, auditory brain responses, and middle latency responses. There was no significant difference between users and controls for any of the audiologic parameters. However, trends for audiologic abnormalities were seen within users, with high-frequency loss and absent distortion product otoacoustic emissions observed with longer duration of use, excessive use, and age over 30 years. The researchers concluded that long-term and intensive mobile phone use may cause inner ear damage, but a larger sample size would be needed for definitive conclusions.
Narayanan SN et al. · 2010
Healthy male albino Wistar rats were exposed to RF-EMR by giving 50 missed calls per day for 4 weeks with a GSM mobile phone in vibratory mode in the cage. Passive avoidance behaviour was significantly affected in exposed rats, shown as shorter entrance latency to the dark compartment compared to control rats. Marked morphological changes were observed in the CA3 region of the hippocampus of exposed rats compared to control rats. Mobile phone RF-EMR exposure significantly altered passive avoidance behaviour and hippocampal morphology in rats.
Maganioti AE et al. · 2010
Researchers examined P600 waveform activation patterns using principal component analysis and repeated measures ANOVA to test for RF and gender dependence. Event-related potentials were recorded from thirty-nine healthy subjects (20 male and 19 female) during an auditory memory task in the presence and absence of RF similar to that emitted by mobile phones. Both PCA and ANOVA showed that P600 activation occurs early and intensely in posterior electrodes, less intensely in central electrodes, and later with reduced intensity in anterior electrodes. In the absence of RF, female subjects had significantly lower amplitudes at anterior electrodes and earlier latencies at central electrodes than males, but these gender differences disappeared during RF exposure.
Hardell L, Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Zetterberg H, Mild KH · 2010
Researchers studied the concentration of β-trace protein in blood in relation to emissions from wireless phones in 62 persons aged 18-30 years. The concentration of β-trace protein decreased with increasing number of years of use of a wireless phone, yielding a negative β coefficient of -0.32 with a 95% confidence interval of -0.60 to -0.04. Cumulative use in hours also gave a negative β coefficient, although not statistically significant. Forty of the 62 persons participated in an experimental study with 30 min exposure to an 890-MHz GSM signal, and no statistically significant change of β-trace protein was found. In a similar study of the remaining 22 participants with no exposure, β-trace protein increased significantly over time, probably due to a relaxed situation.
Vorobyov V, Janać B, Pesić V, Prolić Z. · 2010
Researchers studied EEG in 10 freely moving rats with electrodes implanted in the cortex and dorsomedial hypothalamus over five consecutive days. Rats were exposed to ELF-MW (915 MHz, 20-ms pulse duration, approximately 0.3 mW/cm(2), 4 Hz) intermittently (1-min 'On', 1-min 'Off') for 10 min several times per day. Baseline EEG showed dominant activity in the 3.2-6.0 Hz and 17.8-30.5 Hz ranges in the cortex, and in the 6.0-17.8 Hz range in the hypothalamus. ELF-MW exposure increased beta(2) activity in the hypothalamus more than in the cortex, significantly reducing the initial cortical-hypothalamic EEG imbalance. A cumulative effect was observed across repeated exposures.
Jorge-Mora T et al. · 2010
Grigoriev YG et al. · 2010
Researchers replicated earlier Soviet studies from 1974 to 1991 that had examined immunological and reproductive effects of long-term low-level radiofrequency exposure in rats. Wistar rats were exposed in the far field to 2450 MHz continuous wave RF fields at an incident power density of 5 W/m² for 7 hours per day, 5 days per week, for a total of 30 days, resulting in a whole-body SAR of 0.16 W/kg. The results partly confirmed the earlier findings and indicated possible effects from non-thermal RF exposure on autoimmune processes. A separate part of the study suggested possible adverse effects of blood serum from exposed rats on pregnancy and foetal development of intact rats, though the researchers noted that applying these results to exposure standards is limited.
Danker-Hopfe H, Dorn H, Bahr A, Anderer P, Sauter C. · 2010
Balmori A. · 2010
Researchers exposed eggs and tadpoles of the common frog (Rana temporaria) to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone antennae located 140 meters away for two months, from the egg phase until an advanced tadpole phase. The exposed group of 70 tadpoles showed low coordination of movements, asynchronous growth, and 90% mortality. A control group of 70 tadpoles kept under the same conditions inside a Faraday cage showed normal movement coordination, synchronous development, and only 4.2% mortality. The researchers concluded that radiation from phone masts in a real situation may affect development and may cause an increase in mortality of exposed tadpoles.
Volkow ND et al. · 2010
Researchers measured brain glucose metabolism in fifteen healthy subjects inside a 4 T magnet, comparing conditions with and without echo-planar imaging (EPI) gradient pulses. Relative metabolism was lower in areas at the poles of the brain when the EPI pulses were on compared to when they were off. The size of the metabolic decreases was significantly correlated with the estimated strength of the electric field (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001), such that a stronger field was associated with larger decreases. No differences were detected between the ON and OFF conditions for mood ratings or for absolute whole-brain metabolism.
Morabito C, Guarnieri S, Fanò G, Mariggiò MA · 2010
Researchers studied how extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) of different intensities and durations affected PC12 cells, a cell line used as a neuronal model, during neuronal differentiation. Long-lasting ELF-EMF exposure did not appear to significantly affect proliferation or neuritogenesis. During acute exposure lasting 30 minutes, ROS levels were increased and catalase activity was decreased in undifferentiated PC12 cells, while chronic exposure at 1.0 mT increased catalase activity. Acute exposure affected spontaneous intracellular calcium variations, and basal intracellular calcium was increased after chronic exposure.
Szemerszky R, Zelena D, Barna I, Bárdos G. · 2010
Researchers exposed adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields at 0.5 mT, either for 5 days at 8 hours daily or for 4 to 6 weeks at 24 hours daily. Neither exposure duration produced the body changes associated with chronic stress, such as body weight reduction, thymus involution, or adrenal gland hypertrophy. After long-term exposure, rats showed elevated proopiomelanocortin and depressive-like behavior, and blood glucose was also higher. The researchers noted that the exposure intensity used was much higher than typical human exposure.
Sun H, Che Y, Liu X, Zhou D, Miao Y, Ma Y. · 2010
Researchers investigated memory impairment in newly hatched chicks following in ovo exposure to a 50-Hz magnetic field of 2 mT for 60 minutes per day on embryonic days 12 through 18. Memory retention was tested at 10, 30, and 120 minutes after exposure to a bitter-tasting bead.
Ravera S et al. · 2010
Researchers investigated how extremely low frequency magnetic fields affect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in synaptosomal membranes from the cerebellum. Sinusoidal 50 Hz fields at different amplitudes caused AChE activity to decrease about 27%, with a threshold of about 0.74 mT. The decrease was completely reversible and independent of the time spent in the field. When the synaptosomal membranes were solubilized with Triton, the fields did not affect AChE activity, suggesting the membrane plays a crucial role in the effect.
