Lai H, Singh NP · 2005
Researchers studied four groups of rats: one exposed to 2450-MHz microwaves at 1 mW/cm2, one to magnetic field noise at 45 mG, one to both simultaneously, and a sham-exposed group. Brain cells of microwave-exposed rats had significantly higher levels of DNA single- and double-strand breaks compared with sham-exposed animals. Noise exposure alone did not significantly affect DNA strand break levels, but simultaneous noise exposure blocked the microwave-induced increases.
Unknown authors · 2004
Case reports of peripheral neurological effects of radiofrequency radiation describe mainly disturbances of noxious sensation called dysaesthesia. Cases have arisen after exposure to much of the frequency range from low MHz to GHz. After very high intensity exposures nerves may be grossly injured; however, after lower intensity exposures which may result in dysaesthesia, ordinary nerve conduction studies demonstrate no abnormality although current perception threshold studies may. Only a small proportion of similarly exposed persons develop symptoms. Some observations are not consistent with the hypothesis that all health effects of radiofrequency radiation arise from thermal mechanisms.
Unknown authors · 2004
Researchers distributed health questionnaires from June 2001 to people who complained of symptoms they ascribed to electromagnetic field exposure. Within one year, 429 questionnaires were returned and 394 persons reported symptoms, with an average age of 51.0 years and 57% female. The most common symptoms were sleep disorders (58%), headaches (41%), nervousness or distress (19%), fatigue (18%), and concentration difficulties (16%). Participants most often attributed symptoms to mobile phone base stations (74%), mobile phones (36%), cordless phones (29%), and power lines (27%), but no distinct symptom pattern was linked to a specific source.
Unknown authors · 2004
Researchers exposed cerebral cortical neurons from postnatal rats to low-intensity 900MHz continuous microwave electromagnetic fields at 9mW/cm2 with a SAR of 3.22mW/g for 2 hours per day over 4 or 5 consecutive days and also for 12 hours at a time. They measured cytochrome oxidase activity as a marker of energy metabolism. Compared to sham-exposed neurons, cytochrome oxidase activity decreased significantly in neurons exposed for 2 hours per day and in those exposed for 12 hours (P < 0.001).
Ono T et al. · 2004
A possible mutagenic effect of 2.45 GHz radiofrequency exposure was examined using lacZ-transgenic MutaTM mice. Offspring were exposed in utero for 16 hours a day from embryonic day 0 to 15 and examined at 10 weeks of age. Mutation frequencies at the lacZ gene in spleen, liver, brain, and testis were similar to those in non-exposed mice. Sequencing of mutant DNAs showed no appreciable difference in mutation quality between exposed and non-exposed samples.
Monnery PM, Srouji EI, Bartlett J · 2004
Researchers recruited 12 volunteers with normal hearing and measured their otoacoustic emissions. The volunteers were exposed to a mobile telephone placed over the mastoid process during receive and transmit modes. There was no change in the trace signature and no statistically significant change in trace figures. The researchers concluded that PEMF from mobile phones has no measurable effect on outer hair cell function during use.
Lonn S, Ahlbom A, Hall P, Feychting M. · 2004
In this population-based case-control study, researchers identified all cases aged 20 to 69 years diagnosed with acoustic neuroma during 1999 to 2002 in certain parts of Sweden. Controls were randomly selected from the study base, stratified on age, sex, and residential area. The overall odds ratio for acoustic neuroma associated with regular mobile phone use was 1.0 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.6 to 1.5. Ten years after the start of mobile phone use the relative risk increased to 1.9 (0.9-4.1), and for tumors on the same side of the head as the phone was normally used, the relative risk was 3.9 (1.6-9.5). The researchers concluded that there was no increased risk for short-term use but suggested an increased risk for at least 10 years' duration.
Krause CM et al. · 2004
Researchers conducted a double-blind study in which subjects performed a memory task with and without exposure to a digital 902 MHz field. All eight significant EEG changes from the earlier study were not significant in this replication. The effect of EMF on incorrect answers was inconsistent, with a significant increase in errors observed in this study but not in the earlier one.
Jokela K, Puranen L, Sihvonen AP. · 2004
Researchers assessed magnetic field exposure from battery currents of digital mobile phones using ICNIRP guidelines and two evaluation approaches. The ICNIRP exposure ratio based on current density ranged from 0.04 to 0.14 for the weighted peak approach and from 0.08 to 0.27 for the multiple-frequency rule. The exposure did not exceed guidelines, and no biological data indicate health concerns from magnetic field pulses.
Hinrichs H, Heinze HJ. · 2004
Researchers investigated potential effects of GSM 1800 electromagnetic fields on verbal memory encoding by recording event-related magnetic fields from the brain during subsequent memory retrieval. Twelve normal subjects each completed two experimental sessions, one with EMF exposure during the study phase and one without. Exposure to EMF changed an early (350-400 ms) task-specific component of the event-related magnetic field, indicating interference with item encoding. Behavioral measures were not significantly affected.
Haarala C et al. · 2004
Researchers studied the effects of a 902 MHz mobile phone EMF on human short term memory using a double blind, multi-centre design. Sixty-four subjects in two laboratories performed an n-back task with memory loads of 0 to 3 items under both EMF and sham exposure. The EMF had no effect on reaction times or accuracy, and performance did not differ between the two laboratories.
Cobb BL, Jauchem JR, Adair ER. · 2004
Researchers exposed rats to 2450 MHz fields at 0.6 W/kg for 45 minutes daily over 10 days in circularly polarized waveguides and gave them a pre-exposure injection of a psychoactive compound or saline. Error rate analysis showed no significant effect of microwave exposure, no drug effect, and no exposure-drug interaction, while performance improved across test days indicating learning. Time to criterion showed no significant exposure effect but a significant drug effect, a significant test day effect, and a significant drug-by-test-day interaction. The authors concluded there is no evidence that microwave radiation exposure under the tested parameters caused decrements in spatial memory learning.
Christensen HC et al. · 2004
Researchers ascertained 106 incident acoustic neuroma cases and matched them with 212 population-based controls between 2000 and 2002. Data came from personal interviews, medical records, radiologic examinations, and socioeconomic records. The overall relative risk of acoustic neuroma was 0.90 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.51 to 1.57. Using a cell phone for 10 years or more did not increase risk compared with short-term use. Tumors were not more frequent on the side of the head where the phone was typically used, and tumor size did not correlate with use patterns.
Aran JM et al. · 2004
In the first experiment, guinea pigs were exposed to GSM microwaves at SARs of 1, 2, and 4 W/kg for 1 hour per day, 5 days per week, for 2 months. In the second experiment, guinea pigs were exposed at 4 W/kg and auditory brainstem response thresholds were monitored. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed no difference in DPOAE amplitudes or ABR thresholds between exposed and sham-exposed groups. Acute exposure for 1 hour also produced no statistically significant change in ABR thresholds. In vitro, organs of Corti from newborn rats exposed to 1 W/kg for 24-48 hours appeared normal under light microscopy after 2-3 days of culture.
Lagroye I et al. · 2004
The study aimed to investigate the effect of 2450 MHz pulsed-wave microwaves on DNA damage in rat brain cells and whether proteinase K is needed to detect such damage. Rats exposed to γ-rays showed significant DNA damage using both comet assay versions independent of proteinase K. Neither assay version detected any difference in comet length or normalized comet moment between sham-exposed and microwave-exposed rats regardless of proteinase K inclusion. No DNA damage was detected in brain cells after exposure to 2450 MHz pulsed-wave microwaves at 1.2 W kg−1 regardless of proteinase K inclusion. The results support the conclusion that low-level 2450 MHz pulsed-wave microwave exposures do not induce DNA damage detectable by the alkaline comet assay.
Strayer DL, Drews FA. · 2004
The study examined the effects of hands-free cell phone conversations on simulated driving performance in younger and older adults. Compared to driving alone, cell phone use made reactions 18% slower, increased following distance by 12%, and lengthened speed recovery after braking by 17%. There was a twofold increase in rear-end collisions when drivers were conversing on a cell phone.
Tzaphlidou M, Fotiou E. · 2004
The study aimed to investigate the effects of a 910-MHz electromagnetic field on rat cranial arachnoid and dura mater collagen. Rat arachnoid and dura mater collagen fibrils were exposed to 910 MHz for 2 h/day for 30 consecutive days. Axial periodicity was measured by image analysis of electron-optical data and compared with sham-exposed animals. The measurements revealed that exposure affected intermolecular interactions during collagen fibril assembly.
Pedersen W. · 2004
Researchers investigated associations between communication technology like web chat and mobile phones and sexual behaviour among Norwegian adolescents. A representative sample of 10,926 adolescents aged 13-18 completed questionnaires at school with a 92% response rate. A strong association was found between mobile phone use and sexual behaviour, with less than 10% of non-users reporting intercourse compared to two out of three of the most active users. The associations remained significant after controlling for age and contextual, family, peer and individual factors.
Papageorgiou CC et al. · 2004
Ten women and nine men performed a short memory task during baseline and during exposure to a 900 MHz signal. Baseline EEG energy was higher in men than in women, and EMF exposure decreased EEG energy in men but increased it in women. Memory performance did not change with EMF exposure or gender.
Martinez-Burdalo M, Martin A, Anguiano M, Villar R · 2004
Peak SAR1g and SAR10g trended downwards as head size decreased. The percentage of energy absorbed in the brain increased with smaller head size. SAR distributions in eyes were very similar between full-size and scaled models.
Maier R, Greter SE, Maier N · 2004
Researchers tested cognitive processing in 11 volunteers using an auditory discrimination task under GSM-standard pulsed electromagnetic field exposure and field-free conditions. After a first test cycle, volunteers relaxed for 50 minutes with or without field exposure, then repeated the test, and data before and after the resting phase were compared. Nine of 11 participants (81.8%) showed worse auditory discrimination performance during field exposure compared to control, with group data reaching statistical significance (P = 0.0105).
Maby E et al. · 2004
Researchers studied GSM phone radiofrequency effects on human cerebral activity using auditory evoked potentials. N100 amplitudes were reduced under GSM radiofrequency influence with mean attenuation of -0.36 microV for healthy subjects and -0.60 microV for epileptic patients. Healthy subjects also showed a N100 latency decrease of -5.23 ms in mean. The auditory cortical activity was modified but an effect on brain functionality has not been proven.
Lonn S et al. · 2004
Researchers used national cancer registries in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden to obtain cases of benign and malignant primary intracerebral tumors in adults aged 20-79 for the years 1969-98. Overall incidence ranged from 8.4 to 11.8 for men and 5.8 to 9.3 for women, with average annual increases of 0.6% for men and 0.9% for women. The increase was confined to the late 1970s and early 1980s, coinciding with improved diagnostic methods, and incidence remained stable after 1983 during the period of increasing mobile phone use.
Lesch MF, Hancock PA. · 2004
Kimata H. · 2004
Writing mail on a mobile phone increased plasma nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3, and allergic skin wheal responses in atopic dermatitis patients. Viewing a comic video reduced these neurotrophin levels and allergic skin responses, while a nonhumorous video did not. Previewing the comic video also counteracted the mobile phone-mediated enhancement of neurotrophins and allergic skin wheal responses, whereas the weather video did not.
