Of 413 studies examining cardiovascular, 86% found measurable biological effects from EMF exposure.
Research found effects on cardiovascular at exposures as low as:
The scientific evidence on electromagnetic field exposure and cardiovascular health is substantial: 86% of peer-reviewed studies examining this relationship have documented measurable biological effects. This isn't a fringe concern buried in obscure journals. The research spans decades, involves thousands of subjects, and consistently identifies similar patterns of cardiovascular stress when people encounter EMF exposure.
The science shows effects ranging from heart rate variability changes to alterations in blood pressure regulation to increased markers of oxidative stress in cardiac tissue.
Showing 430 studies
Kim DW, Lee JH, Ji HC, Kim SC, Nam KC, Cha EJ. · 2008
Researchers exposed 18 self-declared EHS volunteers and 19 controls to both sham and real RF from a CDMA phone for half an hour each. They measured heart rate, respiration rate, and heart rate variability. The CDMA phone exposure produced no effects on any of these parameters in either group.
Rezk AY, Abdulqawi K, Mustafa RM, Abo El-Azm TM, Al-Inany H · 2008
Researchers enrolled 90 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies and 30 full-term newborns for the study. Pregnant women were exposed to mobile phone electromagnetic fields in dialing mode for 10 minutes, and fetal and neonatal heart rate and cardiac output were measured. Exposure significantly increased fetal and neonatal heart rate and decreased stroke volume and cardiac output, with these changes becoming less pronounced at higher gestational ages.
Jauchem JR. · 2008
Huss A et al. · 2008
Researchers conducted a systematic review of 59 controlled-exposure studies of radiofrequency radiation with health-related outcomes. Industry-funded studies reported the most outcomes but had the lowest odds of a statistically significant association. The association persisted after adjusting for number of outcomes, study quality, and other factors.
Andrzejak R et al. · 2008
Researchers recorded ECG Holter monitoring in 32 healthy students before, during, and after a mobile phone call in the morning while seated. During the call, time-domain HRV parameters SDNN and SDANN increased significantly, and frequency-domain components VLF, LF, and HF were highest while LF/HF ratio was lowest. The authors concluded that the call may alter autonomic balance, though electromagnetic field effects could not be separated from the influence of speaking.
Devrim E et al. · 2008
EMR exposure increased MDA, XO, and GSH-Px activities in erythrocytes compared with controls. In kidney tissue, EMR increased MDA and CAT activities but decreased XO and ADA activities. In heart tissue, EMR decreased MDA, ADA, and XO activities. Vitamin C seems to make partial protection against oxidative stress in erythrocytes.
George I et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to a 60 Hz, 8 µT electromagnetic field for 30 minutes before inducing ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury to the heart. Significant upregulation of the HSP70 gene and increased hsp70 levels were measured in response to EMF pre-exposures. Systolic contractile function showed significant recovery after 30 minutes of reperfusion in EMF-exposed animals, and diastolic function was markedly improved as well.
Canseven AG, Coskun S, Seyhan N · 2008
Researchers exposed guinea pigs to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 1, 2, and 3 mT for 4 h/day and 8 h/day for 5 days, measuring malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione, and myeloperoxidase activity in heart and liver tissues. MDA levels increased in the liver in some groups but decreased in both liver and heart in group VII. The researchers concluded that field intensity and exposure duration are among the conditions that influence free radical formation and antioxidant enzyme behavior.
Masuda H et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed rat heads to 1439 MHz RF-EMF for 10 minutes at three intensity doses of 0.6, 2.4, and 4.8 W/kg BASAR. They measured blood-brain barrier permeability, leukocyte behavior, plasma velocity, and vessel diameter using a closed cranial window method. No extravasation of intravenously injected dyes from pial venules was found at any BASAR level. No significant changes in the number of endothelial-adhering leukocytes after exposure were found. Plasma velocities and vessel diameters remained constant within the physiological range throughout each exposure.
Masuda H et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed the heads of rats for four weeks (60 min/day, 5 days/week) to RF-EMF at 2.4 W/kg of brain averaged specific absorption rate (BASAR). They measured blood-brain barrier permeability, leukocyte behavior, and plasma velocity using a closed cranial window method. No extravasation of dyes from pial venules was found, no significant changes in endothelial-adhering leukocytes occurred, and plasma velocity remained constant within the physiological range. These findings suggest that there were no effects on the cerebral microcirculation under the given RF-EMF exposure conditions.
Wilén J, Wiklund U, Hörnsten R, Sandström M. · 2007
The study aimed to investigate changes in heart rate variability among RF plastic sealer operators. Researchers found significantly increased total HRV and VLF power during nighttime in RF operators compared to a control group. This finding, together with a previous finding of lower nighttime heart rate, indicates a relative increase in parasympathetic cardiac modulation in RF operators.
Trigano A, Blandeau O, Dale C, Wong MF, Wiart J. · 2007
Researchers tested cellular phone interference with implantable loop recorders by placing phones 1 cm from externally applied devices in 45 patients. The ILR was positioned in the left parasternal region and the telemetry wand removed after regular programming. They used GSM phones at 900 MHz with 2 W output and PCS phones at 1800 MHz with 1 W output. The artifacts occurred without causing permanent device dysfunction or reprogramming.
Barker AT et al. · 2007
Researchers conducted a double-blind study with 120 healthy volunteers who completed six exposure sessions with GSM and TETRA handset signals. They also measured blood catechols before and after exposure, heart rate variability during exposure, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure after exposure. The study had power to detect mean arterial pressure changes smaller than 1 mmHg, but no measurement showed any effect attributable to radiofrequency exposure. A single statistically significant decrease of 0.7 mmHg in mean arterial pressure occurred with GSM handsets in sham mode, which the authors suggest may be due to a slight increase in handset operating temperature.
Parazzini M et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed 26 healthy young volunteers to 900 MHz GSM phone radiation and sham exposure in separate double-blind sessions. A rest-to-stand protocol assessed autonomic nervous system function during rest and after sympathetic activation. No statistically significant effect of EMF exposure was found on the main RR mean or most other heart rate variability parameters. A weak interaction between some time and frequency domain HRV parameters and RF exposure was observed around the sympathetic response to standing.
Li BF, Guo GZ, Ren DQ, Zhang RB. · 2007
Rats were exposed to EMP using a GTEM cell at 0.5 pulses per second for 200 pulses with specific absorption rates of 50 mW/kg at 200 kV/m or 75 mW/kg at 400 kV/m. Heart rates in both sham- and EMP-exposed rats were not significantly changed. Systolic blood pressure increased immediately after exposure and decreased at 1 day and 3 days. Diastolic blood pressure increased immediately and decreased at 12 hours, 1 day, and 1 month. Mean arterial pressure increased immediately and decreased at 1 day.
Sirmatel O, Sert C, Tümer C, Oztürk A, Bilgin M, Ziylan Z · 2007
Researchers measured nitric oxide production in 33 healthy young male volunteers aged 18 to 26 years old immediately after a 30-minute exposure to a 1.5 T magnetic field. A control group of 30 healthy male volunteers aged 19 to 26 years old was not exposed to the magnetic field, and their nitric oxide levels were also measured. Total nitrite concentration in post-exposure samples was found to be higher than in pre-exposure samples (P < .05).
Akdag MZ, Bilgin MH, Dasdag S, Tumer C · 2007
Nam KC, Kim SW, Kim SC, Kim DW · 2006
Vangelova K, Deyanov C, Israel M. · 2006
The study aimed to assess long-term effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on the cardiovascular system. Researchers studied two exposed groups of broadcasting and TV station operators and a control group of radiorelay station operators matched by sex and age. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the exposed groups. Radiofrequency EMR exposure was associated with a greater chance of becoming hypertensive and dyslipidemic. The authors concluded that radiofrequency EMR contributes to adverse cardiovascular effects.
Nylund R, Leszczynski D. · 2006
Researchers examined in vitro cell response to mobile phone radiation using two variants of a human endothelial cell line: EA.hy926 and EA.hy926v1. Gene expression changes were examined using cDNA Expression Arrays and protein expression changes were examined using 2-DE and PDQuest software. Gene and protein expression were altered in both examined cell lines after one hour of exposure at an average specific absorption rate of 2.8 W/kg, but the same genes and proteins were differently affected in each line.
Zhi-Jie Zheng et al. · 2005
Of 48,573 cardiac disease deaths in this age group, 31,827 (65.5%) occurred out of hospital. The leading underlying causes of out-of-hospital cardiac death were coronary heart disease (28.7%), cardiomyopathy (17.7%), and conduction disorders or dysrhythmias (13.6%). Age-adjusted out-of-hospital cardiac death rates increased from 1989–1990 to 1997–1998 by 11% in men, 33% in women, 11% in African Americans, and 19% in whites.
Green AC et al. · 2005
Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2 +) ](i)) was measured in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells and cardiac myocytes during exposure to TETRA fields (380.8875 MHz pulse modulated at 17.6 Hz, 25% duty cycle). Granule cells exposed at specific absorption rates (SARs) of 5, 10, 20, 50 or 400 mW x kg(-1) showed no significant changes in resting [Ca(2 +) ](i). Exposure to TETRA (50 or 400 mW x kg(-1)) had no significant effect on either the rate or amplitude of spontaneous Ca(2 +) transients in cardiac myocytes. Overall, these results showed no evidence of any consistent or biologically relevant effect of TETRA fields on [Ca(2 + )](i) in granule cells and cardiac myocytes at any of the SAR tested.
Trigano A, Blandeau O, Dale C, Wong MF, Wiart J. · 2005
Researchers performed 330 consecutive tests in 158 patients during routine pacemaker follow-up examinations. Two cellular phone systems were tested: GSM at a maximal power output of 2 W on a 900 MHz carrier frequency, and PCS at a maximal output of 1 W on a 1800 MHz carrier frequency. Interference was noted in only 5 tests, all involving unprotected pacemaker models, and the overall incidence of interference was 1.5% of tests.
Ozguner F et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz EMR radiation for 30 minutes per day over 10 days and measured oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activities. Exposure increased MDA and NO levels and decreased SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities in myocardial tissue. Treatment with CAPE reversed these changes, indicating a protective effect against mobile phone-induced oxidative heart injury.
Morimoto S et al. · 2005
The study examined how EMF radiation affects endothelin-1 production by cultured endothelial cells. EMF radiation reduced basal ET-1 levels in human umbilical vein and microvascular endothelial cells but did not reduce them in bovine and human aortic endothelial cells. EMF radiation significantly inhibited thrombin-stimulated ET-1 production and mRNA expression in all four cell types in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition was abolished by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine at 10−3 mol/l.
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