Kwon MK, Nam KC, Lee da S, Jang KH, Kim DW. · 2011
Researchers conducted a double-blind provocation study with 10 self-reported electromagnetic hypersensitivity and 10 non-hypersensitivity volunteers. Participants were exposed to WCDMA RF fields at 1950 MHz with 24 dBm output and a specific absorption rate of 1.57 W/kg for 30 minutes. The 30-minute exposure did not produce any physiological changes in either group.
Mortazavi SM et al. · 2011
Participants were exposed to microwave radiation from a mobile phone for 10 minutes in a real or sham condition and asked if they could sense the exposure. Heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure were monitored during exposure, and no statistically significant differences were found between real and sham conditions. The authors concluded that the findings confirm other provocative studies and suggest a possible role of psychological factors in electromagnetic hypersensitivity.
Ding S, Peng H, Fang HS, Zhou JL, Wang Z. · 2011
Seventy-two male adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups, with the PEMF group receiving LPS and methylprednisolone injections followed by 4 hours per day of PEMF stimulation for 1 to 8 weeks. The incidence of osteonecrosis was 29% in the PEMF group versus 75% in the methylprednisolone group, and no osteonecrosis occurred in the saline control group. Serum lipid levels were significantly lower in the PEMF and control groups than in the methylprednisolone group, and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression increased after PEMF treatment.
Türker Y et al. · 2011
Thirty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups, with three groups receiving 2.45-GHz radiation for 60 minutes per day over 28 days. Radiation exposure increased lipid peroxidation and decreased vitamins A, C, and E in heart tissue.
Esmekaya MA, Ozer C, Seyhan N · 2011
Researchers exposed male Wistar albino rats to 900 MHz pulse-modulated RF radiation at a SAR of 1.20 W/kg for 20 minutes per day over three weeks to investigate oxidative damage in multiple tissues. MDA and NOx levels were significantly increased in liver, lung, testis, and heart tissues of the exposed group compared to sham and control groups, while GSH levels were significantly lower in exposed rat tissues. No significant difference was observed between the sham and control groups.
Martino CF · 2011
Researchers investigated how low level fields (0.2–1 µT), 30 µT, and 120 µT static magnetic fields affected the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Reducing the magnetic field to low levels clearly inhibited proliferation, while small differences of 30 µT reduced endothelial cell numbers significantly. Adding the free radical scavenger superoxide dismutase suppressed the enhanced proliferation caused by 120 µT static magnetic fields, suggesting a free radical mechanism of interaction.
Masuda H et al. · 2011
The study aimed to detect reproducible responses to local radiofrequency exposure in the parietal cortex of anesthetized rats and to determine their dependence on exposure intensity. The target cortex tissue was locally exposed to 2-GHz RF using a figure-eight loop antenna at averaged specific absorption rates of 10.5, 40.3, 130, and 263 W/kg. All measured parameters except calf hypodermis temperature increased significantly in exposed animals compared with sham-exposed ones during 18-min exposures. The local cerebral blood flow elevation seemed to be driven by the rise in target temperature, but not by rectal temperature, in the early part of RF exposure or at low-intensity RF exposure.
Peter Denchev et al. · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
The present study investigated the potential effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electric field exposure on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels of adult male rats. Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups: controls without exposure, a group exposed to 50 Hz for 10 days, and a group exposed to 50 Hz for 30 days. Total cholesterol concentration in the short-term exposure group was 65.33 ± 15.31 mg/dL and in the long-term exposure group was 59.55 ± 15.01 mg/dL, both significantly lower than the control value of 70.44 ± 19.60 mg/dL. Plasma triglyceride levels were 67.33 ± 15.63 mg/dL in one exposed group and 51.53 ± 14.17 mg/dL in the other, compared with 84.44 ± 16.79 mg/dL in controls.
Nylund R, Kuster N, Leszczynski D · 2010
Researchers exposed primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells and primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells to 1800 MHz GSM radiation for one hour at an average specific absorption rate of 2.0 W/kg. Protein expression patterns were examined immediately after exposure using two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis-based proteomics (2DE-DIGE). Exposure did not cause any statistically significant changes in protein expression in either cell type.
Chen YB, Li J, Qi Y, Miao X, Zhou Y, Ren D, Guo GZ. · 2010
Researchers exposed insulin solution to EMP using a GTEM cell and compared it with sham-exposed insulin. EMP-exposed insulin showed significantly reduced bioactivity in lowering fasting blood glucose in type I diabetic mice (p = 0.023). The percentage of FITC labeling of HL-7702 cells was significantly lower with EMP-exposed insulin (22.7% vs 13.8%). Fluorescence intensity of insulin was also significantly reduced after EMP exposure (p < 0.001).
Tayefi H et al. · 2010
Martínez-Sámano J et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed adult male Wistar rats to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (60 Hz, 2.4 mT) for two hours to evaluate early effects on antioxidant systems in plasma, liver, kidney, and heart. SOD activity was lower in the plasma of restrained and EMF-exposed animals compared to unrestrained rats. There were no significant differences in CAT activity and TBARS levels among the experimental groups versus the control group. The researchers noted that oxidative stress induced by movement restraint was stronger than that produced by EMF.
Goraca A, Ciejka E, Piechota A. · 2010
Researchers exposed rats to an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) at 40 Hz and 7 mT for either 30 or 60 minutes per day for 14 days, then measured oxidative stress markers in heart tissue and plasma. Exposure at 30 minutes per day did not significantly alter any of the measured oxidative stress markers.
Gulturk S et al. · 2010
Rats in the magnetic field groups were exposed to a 5 mT field for 165 minutes every day for 30 days, and all rats underwent Evans blue measurement to evaluate the blood-brain barrier. Diabetes and magnetic field exposure each increased blood-brain barrier permeability, their combination caused a greater increase, and insulin reduced that effect.
Barry J. Maron et al. · 2009
Researchers identified 1866 sudden deaths in competitive athletes aged 19+6 years across 38 sports in the United States from 1980 to 2006. Cardiovascular disease accounted for 56% of deaths, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at 36% and congenital coronary artery anomalies at 17%.
Unknown authors · 2009
The effects of exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on human cardiovascular parameters remain undetermined. Epidemiological studies used dosimetry estimations of employee workplace exposure with altered heart rate variability as predictive of certain cardiovascular pathologies. Laboratory studies focused on macrocirculatory indicators including heart rate, HRV and blood pressure. Few studies have been conducted on the response of the microcirculatory system to EMF exposure. Attempts to replicate both epidemiological and laboratory studies have been mostly unsuccessful as study design, small sample populations and confounding variables have hampered progress to date.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed 18 male and 18 female rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 1000 microT, 100 microT, and 0 microT, and another 18 male and 18 female rats to 1.8 GHz fields at 50 V/m, 25 V/m, and 0 V/m. They measured glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Different effects on circadian rhythms were observed, with changes in those haematochemical parameters (P < 0.05).
Tamer A, Gündüz H, Ozyildirim S · 2009
Researchers evaluated the effect of a mobile phone on cardiac electrical activity by measuring heart rate variability, QT and P dispersions, and blood pressure while the phone was placed on the precordium. In the first step, no statistically significant differences were found in blood pressure, heart rate, P-wave dispersion, QT dispersion, or QT corrected dispersion. In the second step, no significant differences were observed in blood pressure, heart rate, or heart rate variability parameters during 30-minute Holter recordings with the phone on versus off.
Nam KC, Lee JH, Noh HW, Cha EJ, Kim NH, Kim DW. · 2009
Researchers tested 18 self-reported EHS and 19 non-EHS volunteers with sham and real RF exposure from CDMA cellular phones at 300 mW maximum for half an hour. They measured heart rate, respiration rate, heart rate variability, subjective symptoms, and EMF perception. RF exposure had no effect on physiological parameters or subjective symptoms in either group.
Lipping T et al. · 2009
Eleven pigs were anaesthetized to a burst-suppression EEG level and exposed to a GSM mobile phone signal at 890 MHz. In phase I, EMF stimulation was randomly switched on and off to study the relation between EEG bursts and EMF onsets and endpoints. In phase II, continuous RF stimulation at 31 W/kg was applied for 10 minutes while ECG, EEG, and subcutaneous temperature were recorded. No correlation between exposure and EEG burst occurrences was observed in phase I, and no significant EEG changes were found in phase II. Subcutaneous temperature increased by 1.6°C and heart rate by 14.2 bpm on average during the 10-minute exposure periods.
Mousavy SJ et al. · 2009
Researchers investigated the effect of mobile phone RF (910 MHz and 940 MHz) on the structure and function of HbA. Oxygen affinity was measured using sodium dithionite with a UV-vis spectrophotometer, and structural changes were studied by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that mobile phone EMFs altered oxygen affinity and tertiary structure of HbA. Furthermore, the decrease of oxygen affinity of HbA corresponded to the EMFs intensity and time of exposure.
Henrykowska G et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human blood platelet suspensions for 15 minutes to a 50 Hz magnetic field of different shapes at a flux density of 10 mT. The study measured catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde concentration, and free radical generation in human blood platelets. Free radicals, malondialdehyde, and catalase all showed increased values compared with the initial level regardless of field shape, while superoxide dismutase activity was lower than at the onset of the experiment.
Ciejka EB, Goraca A · 2009
The study tested whether a time-variable magnetic field affects heart rate and plasma antioxidant capacity. Tests were performed on Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to the magnetic field at a frequency of 40 Hz and induction of 7 mT for 30 and 60 minutes. A significant decrease of the heart rate was observed after 14 days of exposure. Exposure at 60 minutes for 14 days caused a significant decrease of the organism antioxidant defence.
Jonathan A. Drezner et al. · 2008
Researchers identified exercise-related sudden death events in young individuals through a systematic search of public media reports from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2006. Over 7 years, 486 total cases of exercise-related SCA were identified in U.S. youth, with an average of 69 cases per year (range 48-96). Overall survival during this time period was 11% (55/486), with a range of 4% to 21% survival per year, and there was a statistically significant trend toward improved survival in recent years (P = .035). Females were more likely to survive sudden cardiac arrest than were males (21% vs 9%, P = .001).
