Akdag MZ et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for 10 months to test effects on sperm health, cell death, and oxidative stress. They found no impact on sperm count or quality, and no oxidative damage at either exposure level tested. However, higher exposure (500 μT) did increase markers of programmed cell death in testicular tissue.
Aït-Aïssa S et al. · 2013
French researchers exposed pregnant rats and their newborns to WiFi signals (2450 MHz) for 2 hours daily during pregnancy and early life, then examined brain tissue for signs of stress and damage. They found no differences in stress markers or heat-shock proteins between exposed and unexposed rats at any of the tested exposure levels. The study suggests that WiFi exposure during critical developmental periods may not cause detectable brain damage in rats.
Salah MB, Abdelmelek H, Abderraba M · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to WiFi signals (2.45 GHz) for one hour daily over 21 days and found it created diabetes-like symptoms and damaged the body's natural antioxidant defenses in the liver and kidneys. The WiFi exposure reduced protective enzymes by 33-68% and increased cellular damage markers by up to 51%. When researchers gave the rats olive leaf extract, it prevented the glucose problems and restored most of the antioxidant protection.
Ozgur E et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant rabbits and their offspring to 1800 MHz cell phone radiation (similar to GSM signals) for short periods daily. They found that this exposure caused oxidative stress and altered blood chemistry in the infant rabbits, with different effects in males versus females. This suggests that developing animals may be particularly vulnerable to radiofrequency radiation during critical growth periods.
Nazıroğlu M, Yüksel M, Köse SA, Özkaya MO · 2013
This review examined research on how Wi-Fi and cell phone radiation affects reproductive health in both men and women. The researchers found that while EMF exposure doesn't appear to directly cause infertility, it does trigger oxidative stress (cellular damage from harmful molecules) and can harm reproductive organs in animal studies. In male animals, radiation exposure damaged sperm-producing tissues and reduced testosterone, while in females it caused inflammation and reduced egg follicles.
Maaroufi K et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used by many cell phones) and tested their learning and memory abilities. The EMF-exposed rats showed impaired performance on tasks requiring natural exploration behavior and had altered brain chemistry, particularly in the hippocampus (a key memory center). Interestingly, adding iron overload to the brain didn't make the EMF effects worse, suggesting the radiation alone was sufficient to cause these cognitive changes.
Koca O et al. · 2013
Turkish researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation for 8 hours daily over 20 days using a Philips phone with high radiation output. They found significant kidney damage including damaged filtering units (glomeruli), swollen tissue spaces, and inflammation in exposed rats compared to unexposed controls. The damage persisted even 20 days after exposure ended, suggesting lasting effects from intensive cell phone use.
Kesari KK, Kumar S, Nirala J, Siddiqui MH, Behari J. · 2013
This review examined how radiofrequency radiation from mobile phones affects male reproductive health, particularly when phones are carried in pockets near reproductive organs. The researchers found that mobile phone radiation increases harmful reactive oxygen species (molecules that damage cells) in testicular tissue, leading to decreased sperm count, DNA damage, and hormonal changes that can cause infertility. The study highlights the biological mechanisms by which everyday mobile phone use may be compromising men's fertility through oxidative stress and cellular damage.
Jelodar G, Akbari A, Nazifi S. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 45 days and found it caused significant oxidative stress in their eyes, reducing protective antioxidant enzymes and increasing cellular damage markers. When rats were given vitamin C alongside the radiation exposure, the antioxidant damage was largely prevented. This suggests that radiofrequency radiation can harm eye tissues through oxidative stress, but antioxidants may provide some protection.
Ghanbari M, Mortazavi SB, Khavanin A, Khazaei M. · 2013
Researchers exposed male rats to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz (the frequency used by GSM networks) for 2-3 weeks and measured effects on sperm health. They found that exposed rats had significantly reduced sperm viability, motility, and antioxidant defenses compared to unexposed controls. Longer exposure periods caused even greater damage to sperm quality.
Gao X, Luo R, Ma B, Wang H, Liu T, Zhang J, Lian Z, Cui X. · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 900MHz cell phone radiation for three hours daily throughout pregnancy and found significant brain damage in both mothers and offspring, including swollen brain cells and reduced antioxidant defenses. However, when rats were given vitamin E supplements during pregnancy, the protective antioxidant largely prevented this brain damage. This suggests that EMF exposure during pregnancy can harm developing brains, but certain nutrients may offer protection.
Bodera P et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at 1800 MHz (the same frequency used by GSM phones) for 15 minutes and measured changes in their blood's antioxidant capacity. They found that this brief exposure significantly reduced the blood's ability to neutralize harmful free radicals, both in healthy rats and those with inflammation. The study also tested interactions with tramadol (a pain medication) and found the radiation effects were amplified when combined with the drug.
Aynali G et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to WiFi radiation (2.45 GHz) for one hour daily over 28 days and found it caused oxidative stress in throat tissue, measured by increased lipid peroxidation (cellular damage from free radicals). When rats were also given melatonin, this protective hormone significantly reduced the WiFi-induced damage and helped restore antioxidant defenses. This suggests WiFi radiation can cause cellular damage through oxidative stress, but natural protective mechanisms may help counteract these effects.
Atasoy HI, Gunal MY, Atasoy P, Elgun S, Bugdayci G. · 2013
Researchers exposed young male rats to Wi-Fi radiation (2.4 GHz) continuously for 20 weeks and found significant DNA damage in their reproductive organs. The Wi-Fi exposure also reduced the activity of key antioxidant enzymes that normally protect cells from damage. These findings suggest that prolonged Wi-Fi exposure during development could potentially harm reproductive health and fertility.
Salah MB, Abdelmelek H, Abderraba M. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to WiFi radiation (2.45 GHz) for one hour daily over 21 days and found it created a diabetes-like condition by damaging the body's natural antioxidant defenses in the liver and kidneys. The WiFi exposure reduced key protective enzymes by 33-68% and increased cellular damage markers by up to 51%. When researchers gave the rats olive leaf extract, it prevented most of the metabolic disruption and restored the protective enzymes, suggesting that WiFi radiation causes harm through oxidative stress.
Ozorak A et al. · 2013
Turkish researchers exposed pregnant rats and their offspring to Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz) and mobile phone frequencies (900 and 1800 MHz) for one hour daily from pregnancy through 6 weeks of age. The exposed animals showed significant oxidative damage in kidneys and reproductive organs, with increased harmful byproducts and decreased protective antioxidants. This suggests that common wireless radiation may interfere with normal development and damage vital organs during critical growth periods.
Ozgur E et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant rabbits and their offspring to cell phone-like radiation (1800 MHz GSM) for 15 minutes daily and measured blood chemistry changes in the baby rabbits. They found that even brief daily exposures caused oxidative stress (cellular damage from free radicals) and altered blood chemistry parameters, with different effects in male versus female offspring. The findings suggest that developing animals may be particularly vulnerable to radiofrequency radiation during critical growth periods.
Jelodar G, Nazifi S, Akbari A. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone-frequency radiation for 45 days, finding it caused oxidative damage in testicles by reducing protective antioxidants. Vitamin C supplements prevented much of this damage, suggesting RF radiation may harm reproductive health but antioxidants could provide protection.
Jelodar G, Akbari A, Nazifi S. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell tower frequencies) for 45 days and found it caused oxidative stress in their eyes by reducing protective antioxidant enzymes and increasing harmful compounds. When rats were given vitamin C alongside the radiation exposure, it significantly protected against this eye damage. This suggests that radiofrequency radiation can harm delicate eye tissues through oxidative stress, but antioxidants may offer some protection.
Hamzany Y et al. · 2013
Researchers compared saliva samples from 20 mobile phone users (who used phones for an average of 12.5 years) to deaf individuals who didn't use phones. Mobile phone users showed significantly higher levels of oxidative stress markers in their saliva, along with reduced saliva flow and important proteins like albumin and amylase.
Ghanbari M1, Mortazavi SB1, Khavanin A1, Khazaei M2. · 2013
Researchers exposed male rats to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz (the frequency used by GSM networks) for two to three weeks and measured effects on sperm quality. They found that exposure significantly reduced sperm viability, motility (swimming ability), and antioxidant defenses compared to unexposed rats, with longer exposure causing greater damage. This suggests cell phone radiation may impair male fertility by creating oxidative stress in reproductive cells.
Eser O et al. · 2013
Turkish researchers exposed rats to radiofrequency radiation at cell phone frequencies (900, 1800, and 2450 MHz) for one hour daily over two months. They found severe brain damage including cell death and shrunken brain tissue in key areas like the frontal cortex and brain stem, along with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. This demonstrates that chronic RF exposure can cause structural brain damage even at relatively low daily exposure levels.
Bodera P et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (1800 MHz) for 15 minutes and found it significantly reduced the blood's ability to fight harmful free radicals. This antioxidant damage occurred in both healthy and inflamed animals, suggesting cell phone radiation may weaken natural cellular defenses.
Aynali G, Nazıroğlu M, Celik O, Doğan M, Yarıktaş M, Yasan H · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to Wi-Fi radiation for one hour daily over 28 days, finding it caused oxidative damage in throat tissues. Melatonin treatment significantly reduced this cellular damage. The study suggests Wi-Fi exposure may harm respiratory tissues, but antioxidants could provide protection.
Tasset I et al. · 2013
Researchers studied rats with a Huntington's disease-like condition and found that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) activated protective cellular pathways that help defend against brain damage. Specifically, TMS increased levels of Nrf2, a protein that triggers the body's antioxidant defense system. This suggests that certain types of electromagnetic field exposure might actually help protect brain cells from damage in neurodegenerative diseases.
