Fragopoulou AF et al. · 2010
Researchers tested the effects of mobile phone radiation on spatial learning and memory in mice using the Morris water maze, a hippocampal-dependent spatial memory task. The mice received a 2 h daily dose of pulsed GSM 900 MHz radiation from a commercially available mobile phone for 4 days at SAR values ranging from 0.41 to 0.98 W/kg. Exposed animals showed a deficit in transferring acquired spatial information across training days, with increased escape latency and distance swam compared to sham-exposed animals. During the memory probe trial, sham-exposed animals showed the expected preference for the target quadrant, while exposed animals showed no preference.
Croft RJ et al. · 2010
Researchers tested whether adolescents and the elderly are more sensitive to mobile phone-related bioeffects than young adults, using both 2G GSM and 3G W-CDMA exposures. Resting alpha activity in the 8-12 Hz band of the EEG was recorded and compared between conditions in a double-blind crossover design, with each participant receiving sham, 2G, and 3G exposures separated by at least 4 days. Young adults showed greater alpha activity in the 2G condition compared to sham, but no effect was found in adolescents or the elderly, and 3G exposure produced no effect in any group.
Bak M, Dudarewicz A, Zmyślony M, Sliwinska-Kowalska M · 2010
Researchers assessed the effect of electromagnetic field from the GSM mobile phone system on human brain function in volunteers. The assessment was based on event related potentials, with P300 latency, amplitude, and latency of the N1, N2, P2 waves analysed. The statistical analysis revealed an effect of EMF on P300 amplitude, with lower amplitudes observed only during exposure. No statistically significant changes were noted in the latencies of the N1, N2, P2 waves or in the latency of the P300 itself.
Schoemaker MJ, Swerdlow AJ · 2009
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in Southeast England from 2001 to 2005 with 291 cases and 630 controls. Detailed information on cellular phone use was collected by personal interview. Tumor risk was not associated with cellular phone use overall, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.9 (95% CI 0.7-1.3). Risk was not appreciably increased after 10 or more years since first use (OR 1.0, 0.5-1.9) or after 10 or more years of cumulative use (OR 1.1, 0.5-2.4). Odds ratios were 1.2 (0.7-1.9) for the highest quartile of cumulative calls and 1.1 (0.7-1.7) for the highest quartile of hours of use, and separate analyses of analog and digital phone use showed no associations.
Mizuno Y et al. · 2009
This was the first study to investigate the effects of the third generation system on regional cerebral blood flow in humans, comparing W-CDMA electromagnetic field exposure versus sham exposure. Nine healthy male volunteers participated and underwent PET scans before, during, and after 30 minutes of unilateral EMF exposure. The subtraction analysis showed no significant regional cerebral blood flow changes from the EMF conditions compared to sham exposure.
Marino AA, Carrubba S · 2009
The authors analyzed 55 reports that compared human brain electrical activity with and without mobile-phone electromagnetic fields or before and after exposure. Positive reports failed to adequately address family-wise error rates, spike artifacts, and the confounding influence of two different EMFs, while negative reports lacked positive controls and power analyses. The reviewers concluded that the crucial question of how mobile-phone EMFs affect brain activity remains unanswered and essentially unaddressed.
Ahlbom A et al. · 2009
The review summarizes epidemiologic evidence on whether radiofrequency fields from mobile phones cause tumors. Studies to date do not show an increased risk of any brain or head tumor within roughly 10 years of use. Data do not suggest a causal link for fast-growing tumors like malignant glioma, but conclusions for slow-growing tumors and long-term use are less certain due to short observation periods.
Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L · 2009
One thousand subjects, 500 of each sex aged 18–65 years, were randomly recruited using the population registry and assessed via postal questionnaire and blood samples for S100B. The response rate was 31.4%. The study failed to show that long- or short-term use of wireless telephones was associated with elevated serum S100B levels. The linear regression analysis of latency for UMTS use remained significant only for men (p = 0.01; n = 31). Total use of mobile and cordless phones over time yielded an odds ratio of 0.8 (95% CI 0.3–2.0) and same-day use yielded an odds ratio of 1.1 (95% CI 0.4–2.8).
Rağbetli MC, Aydinlioğlu A, Koyun N, Rağbetli C, Karayel M. · 2009
The study examined the effect of mobile phone exposure on the developing hippocampus in Swiss albino mice. Pregnant mice were exposed to a mobile phone in an exposure system room. Pyramidal cells in the hippocampus were counted using the optical fractionator method with Axiovision software. No significant difference in pyramidal cell numbers was found between exposed and control groups.
Parazzini M et al. · 2009
Participants received 20 minutes of genuine or sham RF exposure at maximum phone output with 69 mW/kg SAR in the cochlea region. Auditory function was measured before and after exposure using hearing thresholds, otoacoustic emissions, and auditory evoked potentials. No consistent pattern of effects was found, and an isolated high-frequency threshold change was not statistically significant after multiple comparison correction. Researchers concluded that short-term UMTS exposure at maximum consumer phone output does not cause measurable immediate auditory effects.
Lipping T et al. · 2009
Eleven pigs were anaesthetized to a burst-suppression EEG level and exposed to a GSM mobile phone signal at 890 MHz. In phase I, EMF stimulation was randomly switched on and off to study the relation between EEG bursts and EMF onsets and endpoints. In phase II, continuous RF stimulation at 31 W/kg was applied for 10 minutes while ECG, EEG, and subcutaneous temperature were recorded. No correlation between exposure and EEG burst occurrences was observed in phase I, and no significant EEG changes were found in phase II. Subcutaneous temperature increased by 1.6°C and heart rate by 14.2 bpm on average during the 10-minute exposure periods.
Kwon MS et al. · 2009
Researchers recorded mismatch negativity responses to duration, intensity, frequency, and gap changes in 17 healthy young adults while a GSM phone was placed on either ear with the field on or off. The mismatch negativity was elicited by all deviant types, but its amplitude and latency showed no significant differences due to EMF exposure for any deviant type. The authors concluded there was no conclusive evidence that acute GSM mobile phone EMF exposure affects cortical auditory change detection processing reflected by the mismatch negativity.
Finnie JW, Chidlow G, Blumbergs PC, Manavis J, Cai Z · 2009
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at 4 W/kg for 60 minutes daily throughout gestation. Fetal brains were examined for heat shock proteins HSP25, HSP32, and HSP70. No induction of HSP32 or HSP70 was found in any brains, and HSP25 expression was similar in exposed and control groups. The study concluded that whole-gestation exposure did not produce a stress response detectable by HSPs.
Eltiti S et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed 44 sensitive and 44 matched-control participants to GSM, UMTS, and sham signals for 50 minutes at 10 mW/m2 under double-blind conditions. Participants performed digit symbol substitution, digit span, and mental arithmetic tasks during exposure. Cognitive functioning and physiological measures including blood volume pulse, heart rate, and skin conductance were not affected by exposure.
Wake K et al. · 2009
Compliance testing data are measured only on the surface near the device and in a small 3D region around the maximum on a homogeneous phantom. Validation confirmed the method provided good estimation of 3D SAR distribution in the head, especially in the brain. The method has been used in several studies in the INTERPHONE.
Vrijheid M et al. · 2009
The study aimed to quantify selection bias from nonparticipation in a multinational case-control study of mobile phone use and brain tumor. Regular mobile phone use was reported less often by nonparticipants who completed the non-response questionnaire than by participants who completed the full interview. Bias factors ranged from 0.87 to 0.92, indicating roughly a 10% downward bias in odds ratios.
Schüz J, Waldemar G, Olsen JH, Johansen C. · 2009
Researchers conducted a large nationwide cohort study of mobile phone subscribers whose first subscription was between 1982 and 1995 and followed them through 2003 for central nervous system hospital contacts. Standardized hospitalization ratios were calculated by comparing observed hospital contacts in the cohort to expected numbers in the Danish population. The ratios were increased by 10-20% for migraine and vertigo, showed no association for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, or epilepsy in women, and were decreased by 30-40% for dementia, Parkinson disease, and epilepsy among men.
Myung SK et al. · 2009
Researchers investigated the association between mobile phone use and tumor risk using a meta-analysis of 23 case-control studies involving 37,916 participants. The overall odds ratio for mobile phone use compared with never or rare use was 0.98 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.07), indicating no significant association. Studies using blinding showed a significant positive association, while those without blinding showed a significant negative association. Mobile phone use for 10 years or longer was associated with an increased risk of tumors (odds ratio = 1.18; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.34). The authors concluded there is possible evidence linking mobile phone use to increased tumor risk from low-biased case-control studies and called for prospective cohort studies.
Hartikka H et al. · 2009
Researchers performed a case-case analysis of 99 gliomas using logistic regression, defining the tumor midpoint from radiological imaging. Exposed cases were those with the tumor midpoint within 4.6 cm from the line between the mouth and the external meatus of the ear, representing the most likely phone location. A slightly higher proportion of gliomas among mobile phone users than non-users occurred within 4.6 cm from the presumed phone location (28% vs 14%), with modestly elevated odds ratios for several use indicators but no exposure gradient.
Hardell L, Carlberg M. · 2009
Researchers conducted two case-control studies from 1997 to 2003 assessing mobile and cordless phone use in relation to brain tumors. They analyzed 905 malignant brain tumor cases, 1,254 benign cases, and 2,162 population-based controls. Ipsilateral mobile phone use for over 10 years showed an odds ratio of 3.3 for astrocytoma, while cordless phone use showed an odds ratio of 5.0. For acoustic neuroma, ipsilateral mobile phone use with >10 year latency had an odds ratio of 3.0, and cordless phone use had an odds ratio of 2.3. The annual age-adjusted incidence of astrocytoma increased significantly by 2.16% from 2000 to 2007 in Sweden.
Han YY, Kano H, Davis DL, Niranjan A, Lunsford LD. · 2009
The authors conducted a PubMed search and reviewed 10 case-control studies, one cohort study, and a meta-analysis on cell phone use and acoustic neuroma risk. Most studies did not find an association between cell phone use and acoustic neuroma, but some studies with 10 years or more of follow-up showed an association. The meta-analysis of three case-control studies found a 2.4-fold greater risk of ipsilateral acoustic neuroma for those who used cell phones for at least 10 years.
Augner C, Hacker GW. · 2009
The study examined whether people who believe they live close to mobile phone base stations show greater psychological or psychobiological strain. Fifty-seven participants completed questionnaires and provided saliva samples for alpha-amylase, cortisol, immunoglobulin A, and substance P. Self-declared base station neighbors (within 100 meters) had higher salivary alpha-amylase and higher scores on several symptom checklist subscales and the global strain index, but no difference in EMF-related health concerns.
Acar GO, Yener HM, Savrun FK, Kalkan T, Bayrak I, Enver O. · 2009
Tissue temperature around the facial nerve was measured with a four-channel Luxtron fiber optic system and rose by 0.39 K during and immediately after exposure, returning to baseline after 25 minutes. Facial nerve compound muscle action potential amplitudes decreased significantly after exposure but returned to normal at the 25-minute measurement.
Abramson MJ et al. · 2009
Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L · 2009
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 1000 adults aged 18–65 to test whether wireless telephone use was associated with changes in serum transthyretin. Logistic regression found increased but non-significant odds ratios for dichotomized transthyretin levels. Linear regression showed that in men, longer use of analogue or combined mobile and cordless desktop phones was associated with higher transthyretin, while longer UMTS use was associated with lower levels. In women, shorter time since the most recent call was associated with higher transthyretin concentrations. Time since first use of mobile phones and DECT combined was associated with higher transthyretin regardless of usage fractions.
