İkinci A et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields (the same frequency used by many cell phones) for one hour daily during late pregnancy. The female offspring showed significant learning and memory problems in maze tests, plus visible damage to the hippocampus, the brain region crucial for learning and memory. This suggests that EMF exposure during pregnancy may harm developing brains in ways that persist after birth.
Byun YH et al. · 2013
Researchers followed 2,422 Korean children for two years to study whether mobile phone use affects ADHD symptoms. They found that children who used mobile phones for voice calls showed increased ADHD symptoms, but only when they also had high levels of lead in their blood. This suggests that exposure to both lead and phone radiation together may worsen attention problems in children.
Podda MV et al. · 2013
Italian researchers exposed mice to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (like those from power lines) for 3.5 hours daily over 6 days and found it helped new brain cells survive in the hippocampus, a region critical for learning and memory. The mice showed improved spatial learning abilities, and laboratory tests revealed the EMF exposure reduced cell death signals while boosting cell survival proteins. This suggests certain EMF exposures might actually support brain health rather than harm it.
Podda MV et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed mice to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (the type emitted by power lines and household appliances) for 3.5 hours daily over six days. They found that this exposure actually helped new brain cells survive in the hippocampus, the brain region crucial for learning and memory. The mice also showed improved spatial learning abilities, suggesting these electromagnetic fields might have protective effects on brain function.
Maaroufi K et al. · 2013
French researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) for one hour daily over three weeks and tested their cognitive abilities using various learning tasks. The rats showed impaired performance on exploratory tasks and changes in brain chemicals, particularly in the hippocampus region crucial for memory. This suggests that even moderate exposure to cell phone radiation can affect brain function and cognitive performance.
Sudan M, Kheifets L, Arah OA, Olsen J. · 2013
Danish researchers followed over 52,000 children from birth to age 7, tracking their cell phone use and hearing ability. They found children who used cell phones had a 21-23% higher risk of hearing loss compared to non-users. This is the first large-scale study to examine whether cell phone radiation might affect children's hearing, though the researchers noted the findings need confirmation from other studies.
Redmayne M, Smith E, and Abramson MJ · 2013
New Zealand researchers studied 400 teenagers' wireless phone use and health symptoms. Students making over 6 calls weekly had 2.4 times higher headache risk, while wireless headset users showed doubled depression and sleep problems. These findings suggest teen phone habits may impact wellbeing.
Mortazavi SM, Taeb S, Dehghan N · 2013
Researchers studied 100 military radar operators and compared their brain function to 57 non-exposed workers. They found that radar personnel had significantly faster reaction times but dramatically worse short-term memory performance, including reduced ability to remember number sequences and word pairs. This suggests that occupational radar exposure affects cognitive function in both positive and negative ways.
İkinci A et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields (the same frequency used by many cell phones) for one hour daily during late pregnancy, then tested the learning abilities of their female offspring. The exposed pups showed significantly impaired learning and memory performance on standard tests, along with visible damage to brain tissue in the hippocampus, a region critical for learning and memory.
Wang H et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to microwave radiation at cell phone levels and tested their memory abilities. Exposure at 10 and 50 mW/cm² significantly impaired spatial learning and memory while damaging brain cells in the hippocampus, revealing how wireless radiation can disrupt memory formation.
Tong J, Chen S, Liu XM, Hao DM. · 2013
Chinese researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz cell phone radiation and measured brain activity in the hippocampus, which controls learning and memory. The radiation disrupted normal neuron firing patterns and increased abnormal brain cell activity, potentially impairing cognitive function.
Ntzouni MP et al. · 2013
Mice exposed to cell phone radiation (1.8 GHz) for 90 minutes daily developed memory problems that worsened over time. Memory impairments persisted two weeks after exposure ended but fully recovered after a month. The radiation level was below current safety limits.
Deshmukh PS et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to extremely low-level 900 MHz microwave radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 2 hours daily over 30 days. The exposed rats showed significant cognitive impairment and increased oxidative stress (cellular damage from harmful molecules called free radicals) compared to unexposed control rats. This suggests that even very weak microwave radiation can affect brain function and cause cellular damage.
Banaceur S, Banasr S, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2013
Researchers exposed mice with Alzheimer's-like symptoms to WiFi signals (2.4 GHz) for two hours daily over a month at levels similar to cell phone exposure. Surprisingly, the WiFi exposure actually improved cognitive performance and memory in the Alzheimer's mice compared to unexposed mice. This unexpected finding suggests radiofrequency radiation might have therapeutic potential for certain brain conditions, though the mechanism remains unclear.
Wang X et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed adolescent mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for one hour daily during a critical brain development period. Surprisingly, the exposed mice showed improved spatial learning and memory compared to unexposed mice. This unexpected finding suggests that certain EMF exposures during development might enhance rather than harm specific brain functions, though the implications for human health remain unclear.
Duan Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, He Y, Lu R, Zhang R, Sun G, Sun X. · 2013
Researchers exposed mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the type from power lines) for 28 days and found it damaged their learning, memory, and brain cells through oxidative stress. When mice were given lotus seedpod antioxidants during exposure, these harmful effects were largely prevented. This suggests that extremely low frequency EMF exposure can cause measurable brain damage, but antioxidants may offer some protection.
Deng Y, Zhang Y, Jia S, Liu J, Liu Y, Xu W, Liu L. · 2013
Researchers exposed mice to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) at 2 milliTesla for 4 hours daily over 8 weeks, testing both memory and brain chemistry. The magnetic field exposure caused significant memory impairment in maze tests and increased oxidative stress markers in the brain, similar to the damage caused by aluminum toxicity. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to strong magnetic fields can harm brain function through oxidative damage.
Deshmukh PS et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to extremely low-level 900 MHz microwave radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 2 hours daily over 30 days. The exposed rats showed significant memory and learning problems, plus increased oxidative stress (cellular damage) in their blood. This matters because the radiation level was about 1,000 times lower than current safety limits, yet still caused measurable brain and cellular effects.
Xiong J, He C, Li C, Tan G, Li J, Yu Z, Hu Z, Chen F. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to power line-frequency magnetic fields for 14-28 days and found significant damage to brain cell connections in the entorhinal cortex, a memory center. The exposure destroyed dendritic spines that enable brain cells to communicate, potentially explaining EMF-related cognitive problems.
Wang X et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed young adolescent mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for one hour daily during a critical brain development period. Surprisingly, the exposed mice showed improved spatial learning and memory compared to unexposed mice when tested in maze tasks. This unexpected finding suggests that magnetic field exposure during adolescence might enhance certain cognitive abilities, though the implications for human brain development remain unclear.
Duan Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, He Y, Lu R, Zhang R, Sun G, Sun X. · 2013
Researchers exposed mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields (8 mT) for 28 days and found significant damage to learning and memory abilities, plus harmful oxidative stress in brain tissue. When mice were also given lotus seedpod extract, these negative effects were largely prevented. This suggests that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields can damage brain function through oxidative stress mechanisms.
Deng Y, Zhang Y, Jia S, Liu J, Liu Y, Xu W, Liu L. · 2013
Researchers exposed mice to power line frequency magnetic fields for 8 weeks and found significant brain damage including memory loss, brain cell death, and cellular stress markers. While exposure levels exceeded typical household amounts, the study demonstrates these electromagnetic fields can directly harm brain tissue.
Wang H et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to microwave radiation at 2.856 GHz for 6 minutes and tested their memory using a water maze. Rats exposed to higher power levels (10 and 50 mW/cm²) showed significant memory problems and brain damage, including damaged brain cells and disrupted connections between neurons. The study reveals that microwave exposure can impair the brain's ability to form memories by damaging the hippocampus, the brain region critical for learning.
Tong J, Chen S, Liu XM, Hao DM · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz cell phone radiation and measured brain activity in the hippocampus, which controls learning and memory. After just 10 minutes, normal brain cell firing decreased while abnormal electrical bursts increased, potentially impairing cognitive function.
Sharma A, Sisodia R, Bhatnagar D, Saxena VK · 2013
Researchers exposed mice to 10 GHz microwave radiation for two hours daily over 30 days, then tested their memory using a water maze. Exposed mice took significantly longer to learn and remember locations, with reduced brain protein levels, suggesting microwave exposure may impair learning and memory.
