Unknown authors · 2018
Single or repetitive exposure to a 6 mT, 60 Hz uniform electromagnetic field did not induce DNA damage or affect cell viability in HeLa and primary IMR-90 fibroblasts. Continuous exposure promoted cell proliferation, with cell viability increasing 24.4% for HeLa and 15.2% for IMR-90 cells after 168 hours of total exposure. The proliferative effect was reversible, as cell proliferation slowed to unexposed levels when the field was removed. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels decreased and phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 increased, suggesting reduced ROS plays a role in the increased proliferation.
Akbarnejad Z et al. · 2018
Researchers injected amyloid-β 1-42 into the lateral ventricle of rats to establish an Alzheimer's disease model, then exposed some groups to a 50 Hz, 10 mT extremely low frequency magnetic field for 14 consecutive days. AD rats showed significant impairment in learning and memory compared to control rats, and spatial memory was assessed using the Morris water maze. The researchers found that the magnetic field improved learning and memory impairments and suggested it also disrupted the processes of AD rat model formation.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers exposed human mesenchymal stromal cells to 5 Hz, 0.4 mT ELF-EMF for 20 minutes per day, three times per week for two weeks. They then assayed cell viability, proliferation rates, and chromosome breaks. The analysis showed no cytotoxicity and no chromosome breaks, indicating no genotoxicity.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers exposed 80 male rats to extremely low frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic fields at magnetic flux intensities of 1, 100, 500, and 2,000 μT and a control. All rats were immunized with human serum albumin after 1 month of exposure and the experiment continued for another 1 month. Thymus weight significantly declined at intensity of 2,000 μT. At the preimmunization phase, serum IL-17 and TGF-β levels were significantly decreased at intensities of 1 and 100 μT. Foxp3 expression was also downregulated at intensities of 1 and 100 μT.
Bobkova NV et al. · 2018
Researchers studied the effects of a weak combined magnetic field on spatial memory and brain amyloid-β in two mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Exposure to the magnetic fields for 4 hours per day for 10 days decreased amyloid-β levels in the brains of OBE mice and reduced the number of amyloid-β plaques in the cortex and hippocampus of transgenic mice. Memory improvement was seen in transgenic mice only, not in OBE animals.
Maliszewska J et al. · 2018
Researchers studied whether a 50 Hz magnetic field affects how American cockroaches respond to noxious heat and alters oxidative stress markers. The exposure was 50 Hz at 7 mT, and the researchers measured how long cockroaches took to escape from high ambient temperature. Escape latency significantly increased after 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days of EMF exposure. Malondialdehyde levels increased significantly after 24-hour exposure and remained elevated up to 7 days, while glutathione levels significantly declined after 7 days of exposure.
Consales C et al. · 2018
The study used SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells stably over-expressing wild-type, G93A, or H46R mutant SOD1. Cells were exposed to 50-Hz, 1 mT ELF-MF or sham control for up to 72 hours. Exposure caused no change in proliferation, viability, or reactive oxygen species, but significantly deregulated iron-related genes IRP1, MFRN1, and TfR1 only in SOD1G93A cells, with a slight difference in total iron content (p = .0512).
Sun Y, Shi Z, Wang Y, Tang C, Liao Y, Yang C, Cai P · 2018
Researchers exposed Caenorhabditis elegans to 50 Hz, 3 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields from the egg stage until the fourth larva stage. Reactive oxygen species levels were significantly elevated and total antioxidant capacity was significantly depressed in the exposed worms. The TCA cycle enzyme fumarase showed decreased expression, while arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2, and prostaglandin E2 synthase all showed increased levels in exposed worms.
Sun L, Chen L, Bai L, Xia Y, Yang X, Jiang W, Sun W. · 2018
Researchers exposed human amnion epithelial (FL) cells to a 50-Hz magnetic field and investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in magnetic-field-induced clustering of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). When cells were pretreated with ROS scavengers NAC or PDTC before exposure, both the ROS-related effects and the EGFR clustering were inhibited. The researchers concluded that ROS mediates magnetic-field-induced EGFR clustering via ASMase activation.
Gallasch E, Rafolt D, Postruznik M, Fresnoza S, Christova M. · 2018
Fourteen healthy volunteers received 20 Hz tAMF stimulation over the motor cortex, over the vertex, and 20 Hz tACS over the motor cortex, each for 15 minutes. TMS assessments were performed before and after the interventions to evaluate changes in MEP, SICI, and ICF. After tAMF stimulation, MEP amplitudes and ICF decreased while the effect of SICI increased. After tACS stimulation, MEP amplitudes increased with no effects on SICI and ICF.
Unknown authors · 2018
Gallasch E, Rafolt D, Postruznik M, Fresnoza S, Christova M · 2018
Researchers tested whether rotating magnets over the brain could alter brain activity, comparing this technique to electrical brain stimulation. They found that 20 Hz magnetic fields from rotating magnets decreased brain excitability, while electrical stimulation increased it. This suggests rotating magnetic devices could become new tools for brain therapy.
Unknown authors · 2018
The study analyzed extremely low-frequency magnetic fields from 3163 datasets collected in 100 Australian houses across different geographical locations. Average geometric mean magnetic fields were 0.85 mG at beds, 1.39 mG in bedrooms, 0.39 mG at baby cots, 0.47 mG in children's play areas, and 0.30 mG in family rooms. Measurements showed considerable variation, with 21.83% of bed measurements and 33.33% of bedroom measurements exceeding 4 mG, and some emissions surpassed ICNIRP general public exposure limits. Away from electrical appliances, average fields in all rooms ranged from 0.30 to 1.39 mG. The authors suggest simple precautions can reduce exposure and propose their data collection model for future surveys.
Unknown authors · 2018
Australian researchers measured magnetic fields from household electrical sources in 100 homes, finding significant variation in exposure levels, especially in bedrooms where residents spend the most time. The study found that 21.83% of bed measurements and 33.33% of bedroom measurements exceeded 4 milligauss, with some readings surpassing international safety guidelines. The research demonstrates that simple precautions can effectively reduce residential EMF exposure.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers exposed cultured neonatal human retinal pigment epithelial cells to pulsed electromagnetic fields at 1 mT and 50 Hz for 8 hours daily over 3 days. They assessed cell proliferation, cell death, protein expression of RPE65, PAX6, nestin, and cytokeratin 8/18, and gene expression of NES, PAX6, RPE65, and ACTA2. Exposed cells showed no significant changes in cytomorphology, proliferation, or death. Protein expression of PAX6 decreased while RPE65, cytokeratin 8/18, and nestin remained unchanged. Gene expression of NES, RPE65, and PAX6 decreased, while ACTA2 did not change significantly.
Consales C et al. · 2018
Mahmoudinasab H, Saadat M. · 2018
Researchers measured the effects of morphine and EMF, in combination with β-lapachone, on cell growth inhibition and expression of antioxidant genes in SH-SY5Y cells. The study used 0.50 mT intensity of 50 Hz EMF under two exposure conditions: "15 min field-on/15 min field-off" and "30 min field-on continuously." Under the "15 min field-on/15 min field-off" condition, NQO1 mRNA level decreased while NQO2 expression increased. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that NQO1 mRNA levels were associated positively with β-lapachone and negatively with EMF.
Consales C et al. · 2018
Researchers exposed human brain cells and mouse neurons to 50-Hz magnetic fields (the type from power lines) at 1 milliTesla and found significant changes in gene regulation. The magnetic fields altered microRNAs (small molecules that control gene expression) and increased production of alpha-synuclein, a protein linked to Parkinson's disease. This suggests that power-frequency magnetic fields may disrupt normal brain cell function through epigenetic changes that could predispose neurons to degeneration.
Mahmoudinasab H, Saadat M. · 2018
Researchers tested four treatment combinations on MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells: cisplatin alone, cisplatin with morin, cisplatin with electromagnetic field, and cisplatin combined with both morin and electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field was applied at 50 Hz and 0.50 mT using a cycle of 15 minutes field-on followed by 15 minutes field-off. The IC50 value of cisplatin in the cisplatin-plus-morin-plus-EMF treatment was significantly higher than cisplatin alone and the cisplatin-plus-morin treatment in both cell lines. In SH-SY5Y cells, most of the antioxidant genes showed upregulation with the cisplatin-plus-EMF and cisplatin-plus-morin-plus-EMF treatments, while antioxidant gene expression patterns were similar across the four treatments in MCF-7 cells.
Seif F, Bayatiani MR, Ansarihadipour H, Habibi G, Sadelaji S · 2018
Researchers divided adult male rats into three groups: a control group, a group exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELFMF), and a group given Myrtus communis extract before ELFMF exposure. The magnetic field was set at 0.7 mT and 50 Hz, applied for two hours a day for one month. ELFMF exposure decreased plasma antioxidant power and significantly increased markers of oxidative damage, including protein carbonyl, methemoglobin, and hemichrome concentrations. Administration of M. communis extract increased antioxidant power and decreased plasma protein carbonyl, methemoglobin, and hemichrome concentrations.
Budziosz J et al. · 2018
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz, intensity of 10 kV/m, and magnetic induction of 4.3 pT for 22 hours a day to evaluate oxidative stress in central nervous system structures. Mean malondialdehyde levels and total oxidant status in the CNS structures did not differ significantly between the experimental and control groups. Antioxidant enzyme activities in brain structure homogenates were decreased, with the exception of frontal cortex catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and hippocampal glutathione reductase.
Errico Provenzano A et al. · 2018
Researchers studied the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on the differentiation process of acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells that were also treated with ATRA. The NB4 cells used were a cell line established from the bone marrow of a patient affected by acute promyelocytic leukemia. ELF-EMF exposure decreased cellular proliferation potential and helped ATRA-treated NB4 cells to mature. The results indicated that ELF-EMF exposure promotes ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation of these leukemia cells.
Medina-Fernandez FJ et al. · 2018
Researchers studied the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), natalizumab, dimethyl fumarate, and dexamethasone on Dark Agouti rats given a single dose of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). MOG triggered a significant increase in clinical score and in levels of lipid peroxides and carbonylated proteins, but reduced the GSH/GSSG ratio in brain, spinal cord and blood. Both TMS and the clinical treatments decreased the changes caused by MOG, with TMS doing so more significantly.
Erdal ME, Yılmaz SG, Gürgül S, Uzun C, Derici D, Erdal N. · 2018
Researchers examined the effects of long-term ELF-MF exposure on miRNAs previously related to brain and human diseases, including miR-26b-5p, miR-9-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-107, and miR-125a-3p. Male and female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into sham and ELF-MF exposed groups, and after sacrifice, blood samples and brain tissues were collected. All miRNA expression levels in young female rats showed a significant decrease in blood compared to brain samples, though fewer miRNAs showed a similar significant decrease in blood.
Hong I et al. · 2018
Researchers delivered low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation (LI-rMS) at 10 mT and at frequencies of 1 Hz and 10 Hz to B50 rat neuroblastoma cells in vitro for 10 minutes. Both frequencies depleted selected tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites without affecting the main energy supplies. The effects were frequency-specific, with 1 Hz stimulation having stronger effects than 10 Hz. The observed depletion of metabolites suggested that higher spontaneous activity may have led to an increase in GABA release.
