Chauhan V et al. · 2007
Researchers examined the effect of RF field exposure on late onset gene expression in U87MG cells after a 24 h exposure period. A human monocyte-derived cell line (MM6) was exposed to intermittent RF fields for 6 h and gene expression was assessed immediately and at 18 h postexposure. Both cell lines were exposed to 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF fields for 6 or 24 h at SARs of 0.1-10.0 W/kg. The study found no evidence that nonthermal RF field exposure altered gene expression in either U87MG or MM6 cells relative to nonirradiated controls. Heat shock at 43°C for 1 h altered the expression of well-characterized heat-shock proteins in both cell lines.
Ning W, Xu SJ, Chiang H, Xu ZP, Zhou SY, Yang W, Luo JH · 2007
Researchers cultured hippocampal neurons from rats and exposed them to GSM 1800 MHz microwaves at either 2.4 or 0.8 W/kg for 15 minutes each day from DIV6 to DIV14. At 2.4 W/kg, the density and mobility of dendritic filopodia at DIV8 and the density of mature spines at DIV14 were significantly decreased, and the average length of dendrites per neuron at DIV10 and DIV14 was also decreased. Dendritic arborization was unaltered in the exposed neurons, and no significant changes were found in neurons exposed to 0.8 W/kg.
Ning W, Xu SJ, Chiang H, Xu ZP, Zhou SY, Yang W, Luo JH · 2007
Researchers exposed developing rat brain cells (hippocampal neurons) to cell phone radiation at 1800 MHz for 15 minutes daily over 8 days. At the higher exposure level (2.4 W/kg), the radiation significantly disrupted normal brain cell development, reducing the formation of dendrites (the branch-like structures neurons use to communicate) and synapses (connection points between neurons). This suggests cell phone radiation during critical developmental periods could interfere with normal brain formation.
Masuda H et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed rat heads to 1439 MHz RF-EMF for 10 minutes at three intensity doses of 0.6, 2.4, and 4.8 W/kg BASAR. They measured blood-brain barrier permeability, leukocyte behavior, plasma velocity, and vessel diameter using a closed cranial window method. No extravasation of intravenously injected dyes from pial venules was found at any BASAR level. No significant changes in the number of endothelial-adhering leukocytes after exposure were found. Plasma velocities and vessel diameters remained constant within the physiological range throughout each exposure.
Cinel C, Boldini A, Russo R, Fox E · 2007
Saran A et al. · 2007
Two hundred Ptc1+/- mice and wild-type siblings were enrolled, and newborns were exposed to 900 MHz radiation at 0.4 W/kg average SAR for 5 days, 0.5 hours twice daily, or sham exposed. GSM-simulated RF fields did not affect survival, with no statistically significant differences between exposed and sham groups. No effects were seen on cerebellar tumors, rhabdomyosarcomas, or skin proliferative lesions.
Trigano A, Blandeau O, Dale C, Wong MF, Wiart J. · 2007
Researchers tested cellular phone interference with implantable loop recorders by placing phones 1 cm from externally applied devices in 45 patients. The ILR was positioned in the left parasternal region and the telemetry wand removed after regular programming. They used GSM phones at 900 MHz with 2 W output and PCS phones at 1800 MHz with 1 W output. The artifacts occurred without causing permanent device dysfunction or reprogramming.
Irlenbusch L et al. · 2007
Researchers measured the visual discrimination threshold in 33 subjects during both RF and sham exposures. Each experiment consisted of two 30-minute periods with a 5-minute break, and the threshold was recorded every 10 seconds. The RF exposure used a 902.4 MHz GSM signal pulsed at 217 Hz with a power flux density of 1 W/m². No statistically significant difference in the threshold was found between RF and sham exposures.
Irlenbusch L et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed 33 people to GSM mobile phone signals near their eyes to test whether radiofrequency radiation affects visual sensitivity (the ability to detect light differences). Using exposure levels similar to holding a phone close to your face, they found no measurable changes in visual discrimination abilities during 30-minute exposure sessions. This suggests that typical mobile phone use doesn't immediately impair basic visual function.
Crouzier D et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed freely moving rats for 24 hours to a 1.8 GHz GSM radiofrequency signal at low power density. The study tracked acetylcholine release in the hippocampus, EEG, EMG, and subcutaneous temperature, and also analyzed brain lipid extracts using NMR after the animals were sacrificed. No significant changes in any measured parameter were observed under radiofrequency exposure, and the NMR study also failed to show any effect.
Wang KJ, Yao K, Lu DQ. · 2007
Zhao R, Zhang S, Xu Z, Ju L, Lu D, Yao G. · 2007
Researchers investigated whether 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields could influence gene expression in rat neurons. Among 1200 candidate genes, 24 were up-regulated and 10 were down-regulated after 24 hours of intermittent exposure at a SAR of 2 W/kg. The researchers concluded that gene expression in rat neurons could be altered by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields under their experimental conditions.
Brillaud E, Piotrowski A, de Seze R · 2007
Researchers measured GFAP expression in rat brains 2, 3, 6, and 10 days after a single 15-minute 900 MHz GSM exposure at a brain averaged SAR of 6 W/kg. A statistically significant increase in GFAP stained surface area was observed 2 days after exposure in the frontal cortex and the caudate putamen. A smaller statistically significant increase was noted 3 days after exposure in those same areas and in the cerebellum cortex. The researchers concluded this was a temporary effect, probably due to a hypertrophy of glial cells, and noted that whether the effect could be harmful remains to be studied.
Hung CS, Anderson C, Horne JA, McEvoy P · 2007
Researchers exposed 10 healthy young adults to talk, listen, standby, or sham signal modes for 30 minutes, then gave them a 90-minute sleep opportunity. Sleep latency after talk mode was markedly and significantly delayed beyond listen and sham modes. This condition effect was also evident in 1–4 Hz EEG frontal power, a frequency range described as particularly sensitive to sleep onset. There was no condition effect for subjective sleepiness.
Kumlin T et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed young male Wistar rats to a 900 MHz mobile phone signal for 2 h/day on 5 days/week. After 5 weeks of exposure at whole-body average specific energy absorption rates of 0.3 or 3.0 W/kg or sham exposure, rats were assessed for behavioral and morphological changes. No degenerative changes, dying neurons, or effects on blood-brain barrier leakage were detected, and no group differences appeared in the open-field, plus maze, or acoustic startle response tests. In the water maze test, significantly improved learning and memory were detected in rats exposed to RF fields.
Meral I et al. · 2007
In brain tissue, the MDA level increased and GSH level and CAT enzyme activity decreased in EMF-exposed guinea pigs, while vitamins A, E, and D3 levels did not change. In blood, MDA, vitamins A, D3, and E levels, and CAT enzyme activity increased, while GSH level decreased in the EMF-exposed guinea pigs.
Hung CS, Anderson C, Horne JA, McEvoy P. · 2007
Researchers exposed sleep-deprived people to mobile phone signals for 30 minutes, then monitored their brain waves during sleep. Active phone transmissions during "talk mode" significantly delayed deep sleep onset compared to other phone modes, suggesting cell phone use can disrupt natural sleep patterns.
Tkalec M, Malarić K, Pevalek-Kozlina B. · 2007
Researchers exposed duckweed (Lemna minor) to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 400 and 900 MHz, at field strengths of 10, 23, 41, and 120 V m−1, for 2 hours, and also tested a longer 4-hour exposure and modulated fields. After exposure, the researchers measured lipid peroxidation, H2O2 content, antioxidative enzyme activities and isoenzyme patterns, and HSP70 expression. At 900 MHz, almost all exposure treatments significantly increased lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content, mostly decreased PPX activity, and did not affect CAT activity. No differences in isoenzyme patterns of antioxidative enzymes or HSP70 level were found between control and exposed plants at either frequency.
Baohong W et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed human lymphocytes to 1.8 GHz microwaves at a SAR of 3 W/kg, ultraviolet ray C (UVC), or both, then measured DNA damage using the comet assay. Microwave exposure alone did not produce significantly more DNA damage than the control group. When combined with UVC, microwave exposure was associated with reduced DNA damage at 1.5-hour incubation but increased DNA damage at 4-hour incubation, compared with UVC alone.
Barcal J, Vozeh F · 2007
ECoG evaluation showed a distinct shift to lower frequency components in wild type mice but only gentle differences in Lurcher mutant mice. Hippocampal rhythmicity showed gentle changes with increase of higher frequencies and changes in theta oscillations in both healthy and mutant mice.
Zhao TY, Zou SP, Knapp PE. · 2007
Researchers exposed primary cultured neurons and astrocytes to GSM cell phone emissions at 1900 MHz for 2 hours. Neurons showed up-regulation of caspase-2, caspase-6, and Asc genes in both 'on' and 'stand-by' modes. Astrocytes showed up-regulation of the same genes only in 'on' mode and also up-regulated the Bax gene.
Barcal J, Vozeh F. · 2007
Researchers measured brain activity in mice while exposing them to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used by cell phones). They found that this exposure caused measurable changes in brain wave patterns in both the cortex and hippocampus - key brain regions involved in thinking and memory. The changes were most pronounced in healthy mice, suggesting that cell phone-frequency radiation can directly alter normal brain function.
Terao Y et al. · 2007
Researchers used a double-blind, counterbalanced crossover design with 10 normal subjects to test saccade performance before and after 30 minutes of mobile phone EMF exposure or sham exposure. They also measured hand reaction time to a visual signal. Saccade task parameters were unchanged after real or sham exposure, except for VGS and MGS latencies which also did not differ between exposure conditions. Hand reaction time shortened with repeated trials similarly for both exposures. The authors concluded that 30 minutes of mobile phone exposure has no significant short-term effect on saccade performance.
Speit G, Schütz P, Hoffmann H. · 2007
Researchers exposed ES1 cells to 1800 MHz RF-EMF at 2 W/kg SAR with intermittent exposure and tested for DNA damage using the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus test. They also tested V79 Chinese hamster cells and found no genotoxic effect in either assay. Quality control measures were used to rule out test performance issues, exposure failure, or evaluation bias.
Masuda H et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed the heads of rats for four weeks (60 min/day, 5 days/week) to RF-EMF at 2.4 W/kg of brain averaged specific absorption rate (BASAR). They measured blood-brain barrier permeability, leukocyte behavior, and plasma velocity using a closed cranial window method. No extravasation of dyes from pial venules was found, no significant changes in endothelial-adhering leukocytes occurred, and plasma velocity remained constant within the physiological range. These findings suggest that there were no effects on the cerebral microcirculation under the given RF-EMF exposure conditions.
