Kazemi E et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed blood immune cells from 13 healthy volunteers to 900 MHz cell phone radiation for 2 hours and measured cellular damage. They found significant increases in harmful reactive oxygen species (cellular stress markers) in monocytes, a type of immune cell, but not in lymphocytes. This suggests cell phone radiation can trigger oxidative stress in certain immune system cells.
Halgamuge MN et al · 2015
Researchers exposed soybean seedlings to 900 MHz cell phone radiation at different power levels and found reduced plant growth in multiple experiments. Higher intensity radiation (like from phones during calls) reduced stem growth, while even extremely low levels (like from cell towers) affected both stems and roots after longer exposure periods.
Malka N. Halgamuge, See Kye Yak and Jacob L. Eberhardt · 2015
Soybean seedlings pre-grown for 4 days were exposed for 2 h to GSM 900 MHz pulsed radiation or continuous wave radiation at amplitudes of 5.7 and 41 V m(-1) in a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic cell. Exposure to higher amplitude (41 V m(-1)) GSM radiation resulted in diminished outgrowth of the epicotyl. Exposure to lower amplitude (5.7 V m(-1)) GSM radiation did not influence outgrowth of epicotyl, hypocotyls, or roots. Higher amplitude CW radiation reduced root outgrowth while lower CW exposure reduced hypocotyl outgrowth. A separate 5-day exposure to 0.56 V m(-1) GSM radiation reduced epicotyl and hypocotyl growth but stimulated root outgrowth.
Megha K et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation for 30 days and found significant decreases in brain chemicals like dopamine and serotonin that control mood and memory. This suggests wireless device radiation could potentially disrupt how brain cells communicate with each other.
Şahin A et al. · 2015
Turkish researchers exposed 8-week-old rats (equivalent to preadolescent humans) to 900 MHz cell phone radiation for one hour daily over 30 days. The exposed rats showed significant loss of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus, a brain region critical for memory and learning, along with visible cellular damage and enlarged brain ventricles.
Grémiaux A et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed small rose bush plants to high-frequency electromagnetic fields and followed shoot growth for over a one-month period after exposure. Shoots that arose from post-formed secondary buds showed delayed and significantly reduced growth of 45%, while shoots from pre-formed buds and plants exposed at the 5-leaf stage showed no growth modification. The measured plant energy uptake suggested this biological response was likely not due to a thermal effect.
Gryz K et al · 2015
Researchers modeled personal exposimeters measuring electric fields from 98–2450 MHz using a human body model and finite integration technique software. Calculations with 256 exposure scenarios showed the human body causes measurement errors from −96% to +133% compared to unperturbed fields. Placing a single exposimeter on the waist to the back side of the human body or on the front of the chest reduces the range of exposure assessment uncertainty across various conditions. Uncertainty using a single exposimeter remains significantly higher than spot measurements of unperturbed fields.
Tomitsch J, Dechant E et al · 2015
In revisited households, median ELF electric fields decreased from 23.20 V/m in 2006 to 13.90 V/m in 2012, median all-night ELF magnetic fields at 50 Hz decreased from 13.50 to 11.37 nT, and median total RF-EMFs increased from 28.13 to 52.16 µW/m². The highest RF-EMF increases were for UMTS and WLAN, urban areas had higher median total RF-EMFs (117.73 µW/m²) than rural areas (34.52 µW/m²), and LTE at 2600 MHz was detected at 17 locations up to 38.20 µW/m². Indoor sources showed decreased exposure in the DECT frequency range and increased exposure in the WLAN frequency range.
Gryz K et al · 2015
Researchers tested how the human body affects personal EMF meters that measure radiofrequency radiation from 98-2450 MHz. They found that where you wear the device on your body dramatically changes the readings, with errors ranging from -96% to +133% compared to actual field strength. This means current EMF exposure assessments using body-worn devices may be significantly inaccurate.
Tomitsch J, Dechant E et al · 2015
Austrian researchers measured EMF levels in 219 bedrooms from 2006 to 2012, tracking changes in power line fields and wireless radiation. They found power line electric fields decreased by 40% while total wireless radiation nearly doubled, with urban areas showing 3.4 times higher wireless exposure than rural locations. The study reveals how our bedroom EMF environment has shifted dramatically toward wireless sources.
Gryz K et al · 2015
Researchers used computer models to test how the human body affects radiofrequency measurements from personal EMF meters worn at different body locations. They found measurement errors ranging from -96% to +133% compared to actual field strength, with waist and chest positions providing the most reliable readings.
Tomitsch J, Dechant E et al · 2015
Austrian researchers measured electromagnetic field levels in 219 bedrooms from 2006 to 2012, tracking changes in household EMF exposure over time. They found that power line frequency fields decreased slightly, but wireless radiation (RF-EMF) nearly doubled, with urban areas showing 3.4 times higher wireless exposure than rural areas. This study documents the rapid increase in wireless radiation exposure as smartphones and WiFi became widespread.
Tomitsch J, Dechant E et al · 2015
Austrian researchers measured electromagnetic field levels in 219 bedrooms from 2006 to 2012, tracking how household EMF exposure changed over time. They found that while power line frequencies decreased slightly, radiofrequency radiation from wireless devices nearly doubled. The study reveals how our bedroom EMF environment has shifted as we've adopted more wireless technology.
Kumar A, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kaur S, Kohli RK. · 2015
After 7 days, exposure for 4 h caused significant growth and biochemical alterations. Root and coleoptile length were reduced, with coleoptile length showing a 23 % reduction after 4 h exposure. Photosynthetic pigments and total carbohydrates declined by 13 and 18 %, while α- and β-amylase activities increased by ∼92 and 94 % after 4 h exposure. Acid invertase and alkaline invertase activities increased by 88 and 266 %, whereas phosphatase activities rose up to 2 h then declined after longer exposure.
Calvente I et al. · 2015
Researchers used spot measurements to characterize outdoor radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in the frequency range 100kHz-6GHz around the dwellings of 123 families from the INMA-Granada birth cohort in Southern Spain. The arithmetic mean electric field was 195.79mV/m and the mean power density was 799.01µW/m(2), with median values of 148.80mV/m and 285.94µW/m(2) respectively. All recorded values were well below International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection reference levels. Exposure levels varied widely among different areas or towns/villages and also among seasons.
Saili L et al. · 2015
Researchers studied electrocardiogram and arterial pressure measurements in adult male rabbits during acute one-hour exposure to 2.45 GHz WIFI signals. Acute WIFI exposure increased heart frequency by 22% and arterial blood pressure by 14%. ECG analysis showed a combined increase in PR and QT intervals, while maximum amplitude and P waves were unchanged. Under WIFI exposure, dopamine and epinephrine injections had altered effects on heart variability and blood pressure compared to controls.
Lustenberger et al. · 2015
The study investigated how much variation exists between individuals and within the same individual in response to pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure during sleep. The EEG analysis showed exposure-related increases in the delta-theta frequency range at several fronto-central electrodes, but no differences in the spindle frequency range. Reproducible within-subject effects on sleep spindle and delta-theta activity were not observed, and it remained unclear whether a biological trait of how subjects' brains react to RF EMF exists.
Lustenberger et al. · 2015
Swiss researchers exposed 20 young men to cell phone-level radiation (900 MHz at 2 watts per kilogram) for 30 minutes before sleep on two separate nights, then monitored their brain activity throughout the night using EEG. While they found some increases in certain brain wave patterns during deep sleep, these effects were inconsistent - they didn't reliably occur in the same individuals across both exposure sessions. This suggests that if cell phone radiation affects sleep brain activity, the response varies unpredictably between people and even within the same person on different nights.
Aerts S et al · 2015
Researchers measured radio frequency radiation exposure from mobile phones on trains, comparing connections to distant cell towers versus small cells installed inside train cars. They found that using in-train small cells reduced brain exposure by 35 times and whole-body exposure by 11 times compared to connecting to distant outdoor towers. This dramatic reduction occurs because phones don't need to transmit as much power when connecting to nearby small cells.
Sangun O, Dundar B, Darici H, Comlekci S, Doguc DK, Celik S · 2015
Researchers exposed female Wistar rats to a 2450 MHz electromagnetic field for one hour per day starting either prenatally or postnatally, with a sham-exposed control group. Prenatal exposure led to significantly lower daily mass gain and significantly later puberty. Brain and ovary total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were significantly increased in the prenatal group compared to the control group. Serum LH levels were increased in both prenatal and postnatal groups, while FSH and E2 did not differ among groups. Histological examinations showed no statistically significant differences between groups.
Sangün Ö, Dündar B, Çömlekçi S, Büyükgebiz A · 2015
They noted children are exposed to non-ionizing radiation involuntarily from very early ages. The review highlighted concerns about thyroid function, adrenal hormones, glucose homeostasis, and melatonin levels. Studies are usually performed on virtual models or animals due to ethical issues. International guidelines did not report definite causality but studies indicate increased risks of cancer, hematologic effects, and cognitive impairment.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation (3G cell phone frequency) for either 10 or 40 days and examined their parotid salivary glands. The study found significant tissue damage in exposed rats, with more severe damage occurring after longer exposure periods. This suggests that the radiation frequency used by 3G phones can harm salivary gland tissue.
Unknown authors · 2015
Turkish researchers exposed rats to 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation (3G mobile phone frequency) for 6 hours daily over 10 or 40 days and examined their parotid salivary glands. The study found significant tissue damage in exposed animals, including changes to gland cells, blood vessels, and cellular structure, with more severe damage after longer exposure periods.
Bodera P et al. · 2015
Researchers measured malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, in the blood, liver, kidneys, and brain of Wistar rats that were healthy or had inflammation, and exposed them repeatedly to 1800 MHz EMF. The exposure was repeated five times for 15 minutes and was studied both alone and combined with the opioid painkiller tramadol. MDA levels were slightly elevated in the blood, kidney, and brain of healthy rats in EMF-exposed groups treated with tramadol, while MDA in the liver remained at the same level across all groups. Overall, results for healthy rats and animals with inflammation did not differ significantly.
Hancı H et al. · 2015
Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and EMF groups, and the EMF group received 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour per day. Male pups were examined on postnatal day 21 for effects on spleen and thymus. In the thymus, malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher and glutathione levels significantly decreased in exposed pups compared to controls. In the spleen, malondialdehyde and glutathione levels increased while superoxide dismutase values decreased significantly. Transmission electron microscopy revealed pathological changes in cell morphology in both thymus and spleen tissues.
