Qureshi ST, Memon SA, Abassi AR, Sial MA, Bughio FA. · 2017
Researchers exposed dry chickpea seeds to GSM cell phone radiation at 900 MHz and laptop radiation at 3.31 GHz for 24 and 48 hours. Untreated seeds served as a negative control and gamma rays at 250 Gray served as a positive control. All radiofrequency treatments inhibited seed germination, with the 48-hour laptop exposure showing the strongest negative effect. Mitotic index decreased and abnormality index increased as exposure duration and frequency increased. Cell membrane damage, nuclear membrane damage, and ghost cells were observed only after 48 hours of exposure.
Marjanovic Cermak AM et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed V79 fibroblast cells to 1800 MHz RF radiation for 10, 30, and 60 minutes at a specific absorption rate of 1.6 W/kg to investigate possible links between radiofrequency exposure and oxidative stress. Cell viability remained within normal physiological values regardless of exposure time. An increased level of superoxide radicals was detected after 60-minute exposure, and a significantly higher GSH level was observed immediately after 10-minute exposure, though GSH-Px activity was higher but not significant. Lipid oxidative damage in exposed cell samples was not observed.
Marjanovic Cermak AM et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed human cells to cell phone radiation (1800 MHz) for up to 60 minutes at typical phone power levels. The cells showed signs of oxidative stress, including increased harmful free radicals and elevated cellular defense responses, even without heating effects.
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. · 2017
Lian HY, Lin KW, Yang C, Cai P. · 2017
Researchers exposed two budding yeast strains, NT64C and SB34, to 2.0 GHz RF-EMF and 50 Hz ELF-EMF. Both RF-EMF and ELF-EMF exposure elevated the de novo generation and propagation of the yeast prion [URE3] in the two strains. The increase grew over time, and ELF-EMF showed a dose-dependent effect. Chaperone transcription and expression (Hsp104, Hsp70-Ssa1/2, Hsp40-Ydj1) did not change significantly after exposure. ROS levels and SOD and CAT activities rose after short-term exposure but not after long-term exposure.
Kim HS et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to a 915 MHz radiofrequency identification signal at a whole-body specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg for 8 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks. The number of red blood cells and values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell indices were increased in the RFID-exposed group compared with the cage-control and sham-exposed groups. The number of white blood cells, including lymphocytes, was decreased in RFID-exposed rats, though T-cell counts and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio showed no statistically significant difference between sham-exposed and RFID-exposed groups. The researchers noted that these changes do not necessarily indicate that RFID exposure is harmful, as they were within the normal physiological response range.
Ibitayo AO et al. · 2017
Researchers divided young male rats into four groups, with three groups exposed to 2.5 Ghz radiation for 30, 45, or 60 consecutive days. DNA damage was detected using agarose gel electrophoresis, and histomorphometry showed perivascular congestion and tissue damage.
A method of simulating thermal mapping of positioning laptop on laps of an adult man was developed et al. · 2017
Suzuki S et al. · 2017
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3rd-generation (3G) cellular phone radiofrequency-electromagnetic wave (RF-EMW) exposure on fertilization and embryogenesis in mice. Oocytes and spermatozoa were exposed to 1.95 GHz RF-EMWs at 2 mW/g for 60 minutes or sham exposure. After RF-EMW exposure, in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection were performed. Groups compared were both exposed, both non-exposed, one exposed, and the other non-exposed. Fertilization, embryogenesis, and blastocyst formation rates did not change significantly across the four groups.
Bourdineaud JP et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed Eisenia fetida earthworms to electromagnetic fields at 900 MHz and field levels ranging from 10 to 120 V m-1 for a period of two hours. All exposure treatments induced significant DNA modifications, and the number of probe hybridisation sites showed a significant two-fold decrease even after 24 hours of recovery. Genes involved in general stress, oxidative stress, and immune defence were up-regulated after exposure, and Western blots confirmed an increased quantity of HSP70 and MTCO1 proteins.
Bourdineaud JP et al. · 2017
Scientists exposed earthworms to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) for two hours at levels far below safety limits. The worms showed DNA damage and stress responses that lasted over 24 hours after exposure ended, suggesting even brief, low-level mobile phone frequencies cause lasting biological harm.
Zhang KY et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-1 cells to a 1950 MHz RF field at 3 W/kg SAR for 24 hours with or without 6 Gy X-ray irradiation. RF exposure alone did not change cell proliferation or apoptosis levels. When combined with X-ray, RF exposure significantly decreased proliferation and increased apoptotic rate compared to X-ray alone. The combined exposure also significantly decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and increased Bax protein expression.
Kulaber A, Kerimoğlu G, Ersöz Ş, Çolakoğlu S, Odacı E. · 2017
Researchers exposed male rats to 900 MHz EMF for 1 h/day on postnatal days 22–59. Malondialdehyde levels increased in the EMF group compared to the other groups. Extravascular erythrocytes were observed in the medullary and corticomedullary regions of the thymus in exposed rats.
Conclusion The study was an attempt to draw attention towards the adverse effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiations (NI-EMR) in the frequency that is used widely in the field of telecommunication et al. · 2017
The study used computer simulations to investigate laptop thermal effects from electromagnetic fields and thermal sources simultaneously. Simulations provided steady-state temperature, SAR distribution, and heat flux beneath the laptop. The laptop in high performance mode generated a peak heat flux of 420 W/m², and combined with 1 W antenna radiation increased lap skin, scrotum, and testis temperatures by 5.6, 2.1, and 1.4 °C respectively. The antenna radiation alone produced peak SAR values of 0.37×10⁻³ W/kg at 2.4 GHz and 0.13×10⁻¹ W/kg at 5 GHz, considered negligible relative to safety standards.
Lippi G et al. · 2017
Researchers collected two sequential citrated blood samples from 16 healthy volunteers and exposed one sample to a smartphone call for 30 minutes at 900 MHz. Exposure significantly prolonged collagen-epinephrine aggregation by a median of 10% and increased mean platelet volume by a median of 5%. Collagen-adenosine diphosphate aggregation and platelet count did not change.
Lewis RC et al. · 2017
Researchers numerically compared dosimetric results among adult, child, and infant models for an EAS system operating at 125 kHz and 13.56 MHz. Postures insignificantly influenced dosimetric results when the cross-sectional area under exposure was similar. Although safety limits were unlikely to be exceeded, infants had higher SAR values for brain and central nervous system tissues than adults, by 1.5 times at 125 kHz and 112 times at 13.56 MHz. The infant's specific anatomy, such as a non-proportionally large head and high fat content, did not induce higher SAR values. The numerical models developed, including stroller and postured infant models, could be freely used for nonprofit academic research.
Open access paper: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5585657/ -- Yorgancilar E et al. · 2017
Sixteen Wistar albino rats were divided into sham and exposure groups. The exposure group received 2.4 GHz RFR from a Wi-Fi generator for 24 h/day for one year at a distance of 50 cm. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured at baseline, at 6 months, and at 12 months. At 6000 Hz, DPOAE values in the exposure group were lower than in the sham group and also lower at 12 months than at baseline and 6 months, while at 2000 Hz DPOAE values at 6 and 12 months were higher than baseline.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13102818.2017.1373033 -- Topsakal S et al. · 2017
Sixteen Wistar albino rats were divided into sham and exposure groups, with the exposure group receiving 2.4 GHz RFR from a Wi-Fi generator 24 hours per day for one year at a distance of 50 cm. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. At 6000 Hz, DPOAE values were lower in the exposure group than in the sham group, and at 12 months they were also lower than baseline and 6-month values; at 2000 Hz, DPOAE values at 6 and 12 months were higher than baseline.
Altuntas G et al. · 2017
The study was a single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial involving 30 emergency physicians randomly assigned to two groups. The control group held a mobile phone in 'off' mode to their left ear for 15 minutes, while the intervention group held a phone in 'on' mode, exposing them to 900-1800 MHz electromagnetic waves for the same period. Total performance, total figures marked, percentile, and attention fluctuation did not differ between groups, but the intervention group missed fewer figures, made fewer incorrect marks, and showed better focus.
Wang H et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed 220 male Wistar rats to a 2.856 GHz radiation source at power densities of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mW/cm² for 6 min/day, 5 days/week, for up to 6 weeks. Rats in the 10 mW/cm² group showed declines in spatial learning and memory and EEG disorders, including decreased EEG frequencies and increased amplitudes and delta wave powers. Changes in the basic structure and ultrastructure of the hippocampus were found in the 10 and 5 mW/cm² groups. The researchers suggested that continuous microwave exposure could cause dose-dependent long-term impairment of spatial learning and memory, and that decreases in NMDAR key subunits and phosphorylation of NR2B might contribute to cognitive impairment.
Wang K et al. · 2017
Researchers examined the effects of a single 30-minute exposure to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on recognition memory in mice, using the novel object recognition task. Exposure at an intensity above 2.2 W/kg SAR produced a significant, density-dependent increase in the recognition memory index, with no corresponding changes in spontaneous locomotor activity. The researchers also found that exposure increased dendritic-spine density and length in hippocampal and prefrontal cortical neurons, and significantly altered neuronal excitability in pyramidal neurons. The SAR used in the study was 3.3 W/kg, which the researchers noted was outside the range encountered in normal daily life.
Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2017
Researchers randomly assigned 24 pregnant albino Wistar rats to four groups: control, WiFi-exposed, restrained, and both WiFi-exposed and restrained. Each WiFi exposure and restraint session lasted 2 hours per day throughout gestation until parturition. Prenatal WiFi exposure and restraint, separately and especially combined, adversely affected offspring physical development, neuromotor maturation, adult emotional responses, motor and exploratory behavior, brain oxidative stress, and serum biochemistry, with most impacts depending on offspring gender.
Bodera P et al. · 2017
Researchers evaluated the effect of repeated 1800 MHz RFR exposure (5 times for 15 min) on NMDA-NR1 expression in rat brains in a persistent inflammatory state. They also measured the effect of RFR combined with tramadol to determine its potential antioxidant capacity. No differences in NMDA-NR1 expression were observed between baseline and RFR-exposed groups. NMDA-NR1 expression decreased after CFA injection combined with RFR exposure, while elevated expression was observed in healthy control rats exposed to RFR with or without tramadol. ORAC assessment revealed a robust effect of RFR, but other experiments showed equivocal effects.
Chandel S, Kaur S, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK · 2017
Researchers exposed onion roots to 2100 MHz electromagnetic field radiation for 1, 2, and 4 hours in a single day. The exposure increased levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion, indicating oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase showed increased activity in response.
Mortazavi SMJ et al. · 2017
Researchers divided 50 rats into five groups and pre-exposed three groups to 915 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 4 hours daily over one week at low, medium, and high power. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, the rats were given a 4 Gy sublethal gamma radiation dose and sacrificed after 5 hours. Pre-exposure increased glutathione levels and glutathione reductase activity in liver, with glutathione increases only in the low power group and glutathione reductase activity increases in both low and medium power groups. The elevated antioxidant levels protected liver tissue from oxidative damage induced by the gamma radiation.
