Jayanand, Behari J, Lochan R. · 2003
Researchers exposed rats with sciatic neurectomy-induced osteoporosis to modulated pulsed electromagnetic fields at a 14 MHz carrier frequency modulated at 16 Hz with 10 V peak-to-peak amplitude. The exposure produced a statistically significant increase in bone mineral density and a deceleration in the bone resorption process in the femur and tibia. The authors suggest that this effective window of pulsed radio frequency fields may be used therapeutically for osteoporosis treatment.
Liljestrand B, Sandström M, Hansson Mild K. · 2003
The study aimed to investigate RF exposure during use of electrosurgical units. Researchers measured electric fields near the lead wires of two electrosurgical units, a BARD 3000 at 0.5 MHz and an ERBE ICC 350 at 0.3–1 MHz, at distances of 5–30 cm during cutting and coagulating at 10–100 W. The calculated local exposure of the surgeon's hand was estimated to exceed 15 kV/m for the electric field and 16 µT for the magnetic field, exceeding the suggested international reference levels at 0.5 MHz of 610 V/m and 4 µT.
Anane R et al. · 2003
Researchers investigated the effects of acute GSM-900 microwave exposure on the clinical parameters of the acute EAE rat model in two independent experiments with habituated and nonhabituated rats. Female Lewis rats were divided into cage control, sham exposed, and two groups exposed at 1.5 or 6.0 W/kg local SAR averaged over the brain using a loop antenna over their heads. EAE was induced with a mixture of myelin basic protein and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The 21-day exposure at 2 hours per day had no effect on the onset, duration, or termination of the EAE crisis.
Zhang MB, Jin LF, He JL, Hu J, Zheng W. · 2003
The study aimed to investigate the combined DNA-damaging effects of low-intensity 2,450 MHz microwave radiation with three chemical mutagens on human lymphocyte DNA. Microwave exposure alone did not significantly increase comet tail length compared with controls at 0 h or 21 h incubation. When lymphocytes were incubated with 30.00 micro mol/L or 3.00 micro mol/L MMC, microwave exposure significantly increased comet tail lengths compared with MMC alone. Combinations of microwave with BLM or MMS did not produce significantly greater DNA damage than BLM or MMS alone.
Anane R et al. · 2003
Researchers tested whether whole-body exposure to GSM-900 microwaves affected tumor promotion and progression in female Sprague-Dawley rats with DMBA-induced mammary tumors. Results were negative for tumor latency, multiplicity, and volume, though in the first experiment tumor incidence was higher at 1.4 W/kg but less so at 2.2 W/kg and not at all at 3.5 W/kg. Overall the results were considered rather inconsistent and did not bring new evidence of a co-promoting effect of GSM-900 exposure.
Nakamura H et al. · 2003
Researchers compared microwave exposure to water immersion at matched temperature rises in thirty-six pregnant rats assigned to six groups with 90-minute exposures. No significant differences in uteroplacental circulation or placental endocrine and immune functions were found between rats exposed to 0.6 mW/cm2 microwaves and those immersed at 38 °C. At 3 mW/cm2, microwaves caused significant decreases in uteroplacental blood flow and estradiol compared with rats immersed at 40 °C.
Navarro EA, Sequra J, Portoles M, Gomez-Perretta de Mateo C · 2003
Researchers conducted a health survey near a cellular phone base station operating at DCS-1800 MHz in Murcia, Spain. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between declared symptom severity and measured power density, and the higher exposure group reported increased severity.
McNamee et al. · 2003
Researchers examined the effect of 24-hour continuous-wave and pulsed-wave 1.9 GHz radiofrequency fields on primary DNA damage and micronucleus induction in human leukocyte cultures. No significant differences in primary DNA damage were observed between sham controls and any exposed cultures when assessed by the alkaline comet assay immediately after exposure. Similarly, no significant differences were found in micronucleus incidence, micronucleated binucleated cells, binucleated cell frequency, or proliferation index between sham and exposed cultures.
McNamee et al. · 2003
Researchers exposed human white blood cells to 1.9 GHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to what cell phones emit) for 24 hours at power levels up to 10 watts per kilogram. They found no DNA damage or genetic changes in the cells, even after this extended exposure period at levels much higher than typical phone use.
Unknown authors · 2003
HuberR et al. · 2002
Tice RR, Hook GG, Donner M, McRee DI, Guy AW. · 2002
DNA damage in leukocytes was assessed with the alkaline comet assay and chromosomal damage in lymphocytes with the micronucleus assay. No significant increase in DNA damage was seen after 3 or 24 hours, and no increase in micronucleated lymphocytes occurred after 3 hours. However, 24-hour exposures at 5.0 or 10.0 W/kg significantly increased micronucleated lymphocytes about fourfold, regardless of signal type, modulation, or frequency.
Unknown authors · 2002
Human diploid fibroblasts were exposed to continuous or intermittent ELF-EMF at 50 Hz, sinusoidal, for 24 hours at 1000 microT. The alkaline and neutral comet assays were used to evaluate DNA single-strand and double-strand breaks. Intermittent fields reproducibly resulted in a significant increase of DNA strand break levels, mainly DSBs, compared to non-exposed controls. The highest DNA strand break levels occurred with 5 minutes field-on and 10 minutes field-off intermittence.
Unknown authors · 2002
Austrian researchers exposed human skin cells to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (like power lines) for 24 hours and found that intermittent exposure caused significant DNA strand breaks, while continuous exposure did not. The study revealed that pulsed EMF exposure was more damaging than steady exposure, with the worst damage occurring during 5-minute on/10-minute off cycles.
Croft R et al. · 2002
The study tested whether exposure to an active MP affects EEG as a function of time. MP exposure also altered early phase-locked neural responses, attenuating the normal response decrement over time in the 4-8 Hz band, decreasing the response in the 1230 Hz band globally and as a function of time, and increasing midline frontal and lateral posterior responses in the 30-45 Hz band.
Utteridge TD et al. · 2002
Researchers exposed 120 E-mu-Pim1 heterozygous mice and 120 wild-type mice to GSM-modulated 898.4 MHz radiation at SARs of 0.25, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 W/kg for 1 hour per day, 5 days per week, for up to 104 weeks. Sham-exposed groups of 120 heterozygous and 120 wild-type mice and an unrestrained negative control group were included. No significant difference in lymphoma incidence was found between exposed and sham-exposed groups at any exposure level. No dose-response effect was detected.
Edelstyn N, Oldershaw A. · 2002
Thirty-eight healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to an experimental group exposed to a 900 MHz mobile phone for 30 minutes or a control group with the phone switched off. Cognitive performance was assessed before exposure and at 15 and 30 minutes post-exposure using six neuropsychological tests. Significant differences appeared after 5 minutes on digit span forwards, spatial span backwards, and serial subtraction, with performance facilitated in the exposed group.
Hietanen M, Hämäläinen A-M, Husman T. · 2002
The study tested the hypothesis that hypersensitive persons perceive symptoms from RF fields using double blind provocation experiments. Twenty volunteers who reported sensitivity to cellular phones participated. Exposure sources were one analogue NMT phone at 900 MHz and two digital GSM phones at 900 and 1800 MHz. Each test session lasted 30 minutes with three or four sessions in random order per day. More symptoms were reported during sham exposure than during real exposure, and no subject could distinguish real from sham exposure.
d'Ambrosio G, MassaR, Scarfi MR, Zeni O · 2002
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood cultures to 1.748 GHz microwaves, either as continuous wave or phase-only modulated wave, for 15 minutes. The study measured cell proliferation kinetics and micronucleus frequency to look for genotoxic effects. No changes in cell proliferation kinetics were found after either type of exposure. A statistically significant micronucleus effect was found following exposure to the phase modulated field, but not after continuous wave exposure. The researchers suggested these results indicate a genotoxic power of the phase modulation itself.
Burch JB et al. · 2002
Researchers evaluated cellular telephone use and melatonin metabolite excretion in two groups of male electric utility workers. Participants collected urine samples and recorded telephone use over three workdays while personal magnetic field and light exposures were measured. In Study 1, no change in 6-OHMS excretion was observed with daily cellular telephone use over 25 minutes.
Dubreuil D, Jay T, Edeline JM. · 2002
McNamee JP et al. · 2002
Researchers exposed human white blood cells to cell phone radiation (1.9 GHz) for 2 hours at various power levels to see if it would damage DNA or cause genetic abnormalities. They found no evidence of DNA damage or genetic changes at any exposure level tested, including levels 5 times higher than typical cell phone use. This Canadian government study suggests that short-term radiofrequency exposure may not directly harm genetic material in immune cells.
Beason RC, Semm P. · 2002
Researchers investigated the effects of a pulsed 900 MHz signal modulated at 217 Hz on avian brain neurons. The stimulation changed neural activity in more than half of the brain cells. 76% of responding cells increased their firing rates by an average of 3.5-fold. The remaining responding cells decreased their spontaneous activity rates. The authors suggested these responses indicate potential effects on humans using hand-held cellular phones.
Unknown authors · 2002
Finnie JW et al. · 2002
The study was designed to examine the effect of long-term exposure to global system for mobile communication (GSM) radiofrequency fields on vascular permeability in murine brains. Mice were given a 60-minute far-field, whole body exposure on each of 5 days per week for 104 weeks at specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.25, 1.0,2.0 and 4.0 W/kg. In all exposed and control groups, albumin extravasation was minimal and was deemed insignificant.
