Kitchen EMF Research

Transduction of the Geomagnetic Field as Evidenced from alpha-Band Activity in the Human Brain.

Wang CX et al. · 2019

Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields impair the Cognitive and Motor Abilities of Honey Bees

Shepherd S et al · 2018

Researchers tested how acute exposure to 50 Hz ELF EMFs at levels ranging from 20–100 µT, found at ground level below powerline conductors, to 1000–7000 µT, found within 1 m of the conductors, affects honey bee olfactory learning, flight, foraging activity and feeding. Exposure reduced learning, altered flight dynamics, and reduced the success of foraging flights towards food sources.

Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields impair the Cognitive and Motor Abilities of Honey Bees

Shepherd S et al · 2018

Researchers exposed honey bees to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields from power lines at various intensities, from ground-level exposure (20-100 µT) to close-proximity levels (1000-7000 µT). The bees showed impaired learning abilities, altered flight patterns, reduced foraging success, and feeding difficulties. This suggests power line EMFs may significantly stress honey bee populations and potentially impact their crucial pollination activities.

pii: 20180590

Juutilainen J et al et al. · 2018

Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields have been classified as possibly carcinogenic based on epidemiological findings suggesting a link between childhood leukaemia and 50–60 Hz magnetic fields from power lines. Animal and in vitro experiments have provided only limited support for carcinogenic effects of ELF magnetic fields. The review discusses the radical pair mechanism as a possible biophysical mechanism and proposes a hypothesis for the link between ELF fields and childhood leukaemia.

pii: 20180590

Juutilainen J et al et al. · 2018

Scientists reviewed how extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields from power lines might cause childhood leukemia through a biological mechanism called the radical pair mechanism. This mechanism, which helps birds navigate using Earth's magnetic field, could potentially explain how weak magnetic fields influence cancer-related processes in humans. The research proposes that cryptochromes (light-sensitive proteins) might be the key molecules linking magnetic field exposure to cancer development.

Review: Biological and pathological effects of 2.45 GHz radiation on cells, fertility, brain, and behavior. umwelt • medizin • gesellschaft

Unknown authors · 2018

A 60 Hz uniform electromagnetic field promotes human cell proliferation by decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels

Unknown authors · 2018

Single or repetitive exposure to a 6 mT, 60 Hz uniform electromagnetic field did not induce DNA damage or affect cell viability in HeLa and primary IMR-90 fibroblasts. Continuous exposure promoted cell proliferation, with cell viability increasing 24.4% for HeLa and 15.2% for IMR-90 cells after 168 hours of total exposure. The proliferative effect was reversible, as cell proliferation slowed to unexposed levels when the field was removed. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels decreased and phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 increased, suggesting reduced ROS plays a role in the increased proliferation.

Radiofrequency radiation from nearby base stations gives high levels in an apartment in Stockholm, Sweden: A case report

Hardell L et al · 2018

Researchers measured RF radiation levels in an apartment close to two groups of mobile phone base stations on the roof. A total of 74,531 measurements were made corresponding to ~83 h of recording. The total mean RF radiation level was 3,811 µW/m2 with a range of 15.2 to 112,318 µW/m2 for the whole apartment including balconies. Particularly high levels were measured on three balconies and three of the four bedrooms. The mean RF radiation level decreased by 98% when down-links from the base stations for 2, 3 and 4 G were disregarded.

Spatial memory recovery in Alzheimer's rat model by electromagnetic field exposure.

Akbarnejad Z et al. · 2018

Researchers injected amyloid-β 1-42 into the lateral ventricle of rats to establish an Alzheimer's disease model, then exposed some groups to a 50 Hz, 10 mT extremely low frequency magnetic field for 14 consecutive days. AD rats showed significant impairment in learning and memory compared to control rats, and spatial memory was assessed using the Morris water maze. The researchers found that the magnetic field improved learning and memory impairments and suggested it also disrupted the processes of AD rat model formation.

Shahin S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM 2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress mediated testicular apoptosis: Involvement of a p53 dependent bax-caspase-3 mediated pathway

Unknown authors · 2018

Twelve-week old male mice were exposed to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at 0.0248 mW/cm2 power density and 0.0146 W/kg SAR for two hours daily over 15, 30, and 60 days. Researchers evaluated testicular histology, serum testosterone, ROS, NO, MDA, antioxidant enzymes, and apoptotic protein expression. Exposure induced testicular redox imbalance that enhanced apoptosis via a p53 dependent Bax-caspase-3 pathway with severity increasing with exposure duration.

Shahin S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM 2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress mediated testicular apoptosis: Involvement of a p53 dependent bax- caspase-3 mediated pathway

Unknown authors · 2018

Researchers exposed male mice to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (the same frequency as WiFi and microwave ovens) for 2 hours daily over 15-60 days. The radiation triggered a cascade of cellular damage in the testes, leading to sperm cell death through a specific molecular pathway involving oxidative stress and programmed cell death. Longer exposure periods caused progressively more severe damage to reproductive tissue.

What is adverse effect of wireless local area network, using 2.45 GHz, on the reproductive system?

Unknown authors · 2018

Exposure to radiation from single or combined radio frequencies provokes macrophage dysfunction in the RAW 264.7 cell line.

López-Furelos A et al. · 2018

Researchers exposed RAW 264.7 macrophage cells to single or combined radiofrequency signals at 900 and 2450 MHz for 4, 24, 48, or 72 hours in a GTEM chamber. They measured cell viability, nitric oxide production, HSP70 and TNF-α expression, and phagocytic activity. Phagocytic activity declined with longer exposure, while combined exposure raised HSP70 at 48 hours and significantly increased nitric oxide and TNF-α at 72 hours.

Effect of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the fertility pattern in male mice

Unknown authors · 2018

Mice were exposed to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at a power density of 0.25 mW/cm2 and SAR of 0.09 W/kg for 2 hours per day over 30 days. Exposure significantly increased catalase, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species while decreasing glutathione peroxidase, testosterone, and superoxide dismutase levels. Flow cytometry revealed micronuclei formation in the blood of exposed mice, and histopathological changes were observed in seminiferous tubules.

Effect of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the fertility pattern in male mice

Unknown authors · 2018

Researchers exposed male mice to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (the same frequency as WiFi and microwave ovens) for 2 hours daily over 30 days. The exposed mice showed significant damage to their reproductive systems, including reduced testosterone levels, increased oxidative stress in the testes, and structural damage to sperm-producing tissue. The study demonstrates that everyday wireless frequencies can harm male fertility through cellular damage.

Evaluation of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field on mesenchymal stromal cells

Unknown authors · 2018

Researchers exposed human mesenchymal stromal cells to 5 Hz, 0.4 mT ELF-EMF for 20 minutes per day, three times per week for two weeks. They then assayed cell viability, proliferation rates, and chromosome breaks. The analysis showed no cytotoxicity and no chromosome breaks, indicating no genotoxicity.

Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Decrease Serum Levels of Interleukin-17, Transforming Growth Factor-β and Downregulate Foxp3 Expression in the Spleen

Unknown authors · 2018

Researchers exposed 80 male rats to extremely low frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic fields at magnetic flux intensities of 1, 100, 500, and 2,000 μT and a control. All rats were immunized with human serum albumin after 1 month of exposure and the experiment continued for another 1 month. Thymus weight significantly declined at intensity of 2,000 μT. At the preimmunization phase, serum IL-17 and TGF-β levels were significantly decreased at intensities of 1 and 100 μT. Foxp3 expression was also downregulated at intensities of 1 and 100 μT.

Effect of weak combined static and extremely low-frequency alternating magnetic fields on spatial memory and brain amyloid-β in two animal models of Alzheimer's disease.

Bobkova NV et al. · 2018

Researchers studied the effects of a weak combined magnetic field on spatial memory and brain amyloid-β in two mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Exposure to the magnetic fields for 4 hours per day for 10 days decreased amyloid-β levels in the brains of OBE mice and reduced the number of amyloid-β plaques in the cortex and hippocampus of transgenic mice. Memory improvement was seen in transgenic mice only, not in OBE animals.

Evidence of oxidative stress after continuous exposure to Wi-Fi radiation in rat model.

Kamali K, Taravati A, Sayyadi S, Gharib FZ, Maftoon H. · 2018

Researchers exposed male Wister rats to 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi radiation continuously for 10 weeks. Total antioxidant capacity of plasma and activities of CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD decreased significantly in exposed rats. GST activity increased significantly in the exposed group. GSH and TBARS levels did not change significantly after exposure.

Electromagnetic field exposure (50 Hz) impairs response to noxious heat in American cockroach.

Maliszewska J et al. · 2018

Researchers studied whether a 50 Hz magnetic field affects how American cockroaches respond to noxious heat and alters oxidative stress markers. The exposure was 50 Hz at 7 mT, and the researchers measured how long cockroaches took to escape from high ambient temperature. Escape latency significantly increased after 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days of EMF exposure. Malondialdehyde levels increased significantly after 24-hour exposure and remained elevated up to 7 days, while glutathione levels significantly declined after 7 days of exposure.

50-Hz magnetic field impairs the expression of iron-related genes in the in vitro SOD1G93A model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Consales C et al. · 2018

The study used SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells stably over-expressing wild-type, G93A, or H46R mutant SOD1. Cells were exposed to 50-Hz, 1 mT ELF-MF or sham control for up to 72 hours. Exposure caused no change in proliferation, viability, or reactive oxygen species, but significantly deregulated iron-related genes IRP1, MFRN1, and TfR1 only in SOD1G93A cells, with a slight difference in total iron content (p = .0512).

Coupling of oxidative stress responses to tricarboxylic acid cycle and prostaglandin E2 alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans under extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field

Sun Y, Shi Z, Wang Y, Tang C, Liao Y, Yang C, Cai P · 2018

Researchers exposed Caenorhabditis elegans to 50 Hz, 3 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields from the egg stage until the fourth larva stage. Reactive oxygen species levels were significantly elevated and total antioxidant capacity was significantly depressed in the exposed worms. The TCA cycle enzyme fumarase showed decreased expression, while arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2, and prostaglandin E2 synthase all showed increased levels in exposed worms.

Reactive oxygen species mediates 50-Hz magnetic field-induced EGF receptor clustering via acid sphingomyelinase activation.

Sun L, Chen L, Bai L, Xia Y, Yang X, Jiang W, Sun W. · 2018

Researchers exposed human amnion epithelial (FL) cells to a 50-Hz magnetic field and investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in magnetic-field-induced clustering of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). When cells were pretreated with ROS scavengers NAC or PDTC before exposure, both the ROS-related effects and the EGFR clustering were inhibited. The researchers concluded that ROS mediates magnetic-field-induced EGFR clustering via ASMase activation.

Assessment of exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields from smart utility meters in GB; part II) numerical assessment of induced SAR within the human body.

Qureshi MRA, Alfadhl Y, Chen X, Peyman A, Maslanyj M, Mann S · 2018

Radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz) causes impaired insulin secretion and increased oxidative stress in rat pancreatic islets.

Masoumi A, Karbalaei N, Mortazavi SMJ, Shabani M. · 2018

The Wi-Fi exposure used a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The Wi-Fi exposed group had significantly lower weight gain than controls and developed hyperglycemia. Plasma insulin levels and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets were significantly reduced, while pancreatic lipid peroxidation increased and GSH, SOD, and GPx activities decreased.