Boscol P et al. · 2001
The study investigated the immune systems of 19 women with a mean age of 35 years who had been exposed to electromagnetic fields from radiotelevision broadcasting stations in their residential area for at least 2 years, with a mean exposure duration of 13 years. The exposed group had mean field levels of 4.3 plus or minus 1.4 V/m in the range 500 KHz to 3 GHz, while the control group had nearby residential exposure of less than 1.8 V/m. The exposed women showed statistically significant reductions in several immune cell types and lower in vitro production of IL-2 and interferon-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The researchers concluded that high frequency electromagnetic fields reduce cytotoxic activity in the peripheral blood of women without a dose-response effect.
Novoselova EG, Ogai VB, Sorokina OV, Novikov VV, Fesenko EE · 2001
Researchers studied the effect of fractionated low-intensity microwave exposure and a combined weak magnetic field on tumor necrosis factor production in macrophages of mice with experimental solid tumors. Exposure to both microwaves and magnetic field enhanced the adaptive response, with higher tumor necrosis factor production in peritoneal macrophages of exposed tumor-bearing mice compared to unexposed mice.
Palfia Z, Somosy Z, Rez G · 2001
Researchers evaluated murine jejunal epithelial tight junctions after whole-body X-ray and microwave exposure using freeze fracture replicas. X-ray treatment at 4 Gy caused partial dearrangement of the ZO strand network that only partially regenerated by 24 hours. Microwave treatment at 16 Hz-modulated 2.45 GHz and 1 mW/cm2 for 1 hour did not cause dearrangement but increased integration of the tight junctional structure. The microwave effect agreed with an increase in cytochemically detectable ZO-bound calcium.
Unknown authors · 2001
Researchers evaluated leukemia mortality among adults and childhood leukemia incidence in a 10 km area around the Vatican Radio Station in Rome. The station transmitted up to 600 kW and electric field measurements near it ranged from 1.5 to 25 V/m. Childhood leukemia incidence was higher than expected within 6 km (SIR = 217; 95% CI 99-405), and Stone's test showed a significant decrease in risk with distance for male adult mortality (p = 0.03) and childhood incidence (p = 0.04).
Krause CM et al. · 2000
Researchers studied the effects of cellular phone EMF on EEG frequency bands in 16 normal subjects performing an auditory memory task. All subjects completed the memory task with and without exposure to a digital 902 MHz EMF in counterbalanced order. EMF exposure significantly increased EEG power in the 8-10 Hz frequency band only. EMF presence altered ERD/ERS responses across all studied frequency bands depending on time and memory task phase.
Krause CM et al. · 2000
Researchers examined the effects of electromagnetic fields from cellular phones on event-related desynchronization and synchronization responses in four EEG frequency bands during cognitive processing. Twenty-four subjects performed a visual sequential letter task with three working memory load conditions both with and without exposure to a digital 902 MHz EMF in counterbalanced order. The presence of EMF altered the ERD/ERS responses in the 6-8 and 8-10 Hz frequency bands but only when examined as a function of memory load and depending on whether the stimulus was a target.
Adey WR et al. · 2000
Researchers exposed Fischer 344 rats to a frequency-modulated signal at 836.55 MHz in a two-year bioassay, testing for effects on spontaneous and chemically induced central nervous system tumors. The study used six groups of offspring totaling 540 rats, with some groups receiving the chemical ENU and others sham or field exposure. No FM field-mediated changes were observed in number, incidence, or histological type of either spontaneous or ENU-induced brain tumors, nor were gender differences detected in tumor numbers.
Wagner P et al. · 2000
Researchers aimed to investigate human sleep EEG under pulsed radio frequency electromagnetic fields using polysomnographies with submaximal high power flux densities. They applied a submaximal power flux density of 50 W/m(2). All-night polysomnographies were recorded from 20 healthy male subjects with and without exposure to a circularly polarized EMF at 900 MHz pulsed at 217 Hz with 577 microsecond pulse duration. The results showed no significant effect of the field application on conventional sleep parameters or sleep EEG power spectra.
Unknown authors · 2000
Bornhausen M, Scheingraber H · 2000
Koivisto M, Krause CM, Revonsuo A, Laine M, Hamalainen H · 2000
The influence of pulsed radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields of digital GSM mobile phones on working memory in healthy subjects were studied. Memory load was varied from 0 to 3 items in an n-back task, and each subject was tested twice with and without RF exposure at 902 MHz and 217 Hz. The RF field speeded up response times when the memory load was three items, but no effects were observed with lower loads. The results suggest that RF fields have a measurable effect on human cognitive performance and encourage further studies.
Fesenko, EE, Makar, VR, Novoselova, EG, Sadovnikov, VB, · 1999
Researchers exposed male NMRI mice to whole body microwave irradiation at 8.15-18 GHz and a power density of 1 microW/cm2 and measured tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in immune cells. Shorter exposures ranging from 5 hours to 3 days significantly enhanced TNF production in peritoneal macrophages and splenic T lymphocytes. Chronic irradiation for 7 days decreased TNF production in peritoneal macrophages. Microwave treatment increased endogenously produced TNF more effectively than lipopolysaccharide, described as one of the most potent stimuli of this cytokine.
E.G Novoselova, E.E Fesenko, V.R Makar, V.B Sadovnikov · 1999
Researchers tested the effect of 8.15–18 GHz microwave radiation at a power density of 1 μW/cm2 on TNF production and immune response. A single 5-hour whole-body exposure induced a significant increase in TNF production in peritoneal macrophages and splenic T cells, and the mitogenic response in T lymphocytes also increased. The activation of cellular immunity was observed within 3 days after exposure. A diet containing β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and ubiquinone Q9 increased the activity of macrophages and T cells from irradiated mice.
Paul Raj R, Behari J, Rao AR · 1999
The effect of exposing rats to amplitude-modulated radiofrequency radiation (112 MHz modulated to 16 Hz) during development and growth was examined. Wistar rats 35 days old exposed at 1.0 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.75 W/kg) for 35 days showed enhanced ornithine decarboxylase activity and Ca2+ efflux in brain.
Wagner, P, Roschke, J, Mann, K, Hiller, W, Frank, C · 1998
Researchers recorded all-night polysomnographies of 24 healthy male subjects with and without exposure to a circularly polarized 900 MHz pulsed electromagnetic field at 0.2 W/m². Suppression of REM sleep and a sleep-inducing effect under field exposure did not reach statistical significance, so previous results indicating alterations of these sleep parameters could not be replicated. Spectral power analysis also did not reveal any alterations of the EEG rhythms during EMF exposure.
Daniells et al. · 1998
Researchers used transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain PC72 carrying a heat-shock promoter driving a beta-galactosidase reporter gene. The nematodes were exposed in a transverse electromagnetic cell at 750 MHz and 27 dBm, with the cell held at 25°C in a shielded incubator. Significant stress responses were observed at 2 and 16 hours but not at 4 or 8 hours. Lower power levels of 21 dBm produced greater responses than 27 dBm at both 750 and 300 MHz, a pattern opposite to that expected from simple heating. In a 5 x 5 multiwell plate, wells in rows nearest the exposure showed the strongest response, while the most distant row did not rise above control levels, suggesting a shadow effect.
Novoselova ET, Fesenko EE. · 1998
Researchers studied whether weak electromagnetic waves in the centimeter range could affect tumor necrosis factor production in macrophages from mice. Whole-body microwave irradiation of male NMRI mice, exposure of macrophages in vitro, and irradiation of culture medium with 8.15-18 GHz at a power density of 1 microW/cm2 each caused a significant enhancement of tumor necrosis factor production in peritoneal macrophages.
Behari J, Kunjilwar KK, and Pyne S · 1998
Researchers studied the effect of low-level amplitude-modulated radiofrequency radiation on Na+–K+-ATPase activity in the brains of developing male Wistar rats aged 23 days. Rats were exposed to carrier wave frequencies of 147 MHz and its sub-harmonic frequencies 73.5 and 36.75 MHz, amplitude modulated at 16 and 76 Hz, for 30–35 days at 3 hours per day. Na+–K+-ATPase activity increased by around 19–20% in rats exposed with amplitude modulation at 16 Hz, and by around 15–16% in rats exposed with amplitude modulation at 76 Hz, compared to controls. The researchers concluded that the effect on Na+–K+-ATPase activity was insensitive to the carrier wave frequencies under investigation.
Gos, P, Eicher, B, Kohli, J, Heyer, WD · 1997
Researchers exposed exponentially growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to electromagnetic fields from 41.682 GHz to 41.710 GHz in 2 MHz increments at power densities of 0.5 and 50 microW/cm2. Cell division was assessed by time-lapse photography using two identical chambers that allowed concurrent control and exposure experiments. Control experiments showed the cells were dividing at submaximal rates, ensuring that any increase or decrease in division rate could be observed. No consistently significant differences were found between exposed and unexposed cells across multiple independent experiment series.
Gadzicka E, Bortkiewicz A, Zmyslony M, Palczynski C · 1997
The study used 24-hour blood pressure monitoring with a Medilog ABP kit to assess male workers from middlewave broadcast stations, radioservice stations, and radio line stations. Mean arterial blood pressure and day-night blood pressure variability did not differ significantly between exposed and control groups. Daily heart rate was significantly lower in middlewave broadcast station workers compared to controls despite similar work and non-occupational activities. Day-night heart rate variability was significantly lower in exposed groups, which may suggest neurovegetative regulation disorders. Radioservice station workers had a higher incidence of increased arterial blood pressure than controls.
Wolke S, Neibig U, Elsner R, Gollnick F, Meyer R, · 1996
Detlavs I et al. · 1996
Researchers exposed Wistar rats with full-thickness dermal wounds to RF EMF for 30 min daily during the first 5 days using 53.53 GHz without modulation, 42.19 GHz without modulation, and 42.19 GHz with a 200-MHz frequency modulation band. RF EMF without frequency modulation decreased glycoprotein macromolecules and reduced inflammatory exudation and total collagen accumulation. RF EMF with frequency modulation significantly elevated hexoses and sialic acid concentrations, indicating intensified exudative phenomena, and increased collagenous protein accumulation. The authors concluded that non-thermal EMF affects reparative-proliferative processes in soft tissue wounds.
Elekes E, Thuróczy G, Szabó LD. · 1996
Researchers tested the effect of continuous or amplitude-modulated 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the immune response of mice. CW exposures induced elevations of the number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen of male Balb/c mice by 37%. AM microwave exposure induced elevation of the spleen index by 15% and antibody-producing cell number by 55% in the spleen of male mice. No changes were observed in female mice.
Elekes, E, Thuroczy, G, Szabo, LD · 1996
Researchers exposed male and female mice to microwave radiation at 2.45 GHz (similar to microwave ovens and WiFi) for 3 hours daily over 6 days to test effects on immune function. They found that both continuous and pulsed microwave exposure significantly increased antibody production in male mice (37-55% increases), but had no effect on female mice. This suggests that microwave radiation can stimulate immune system activity, with males appearing more sensitive than females.
Kubinyi G, Thuroczy G, Bakos J, Boloni E, Sinay H, Szabo LD, · 1996
Pregnant CFLP mice were exposed to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation for 100 minutes each day throughout gestation in an anechoic chamber. Brain aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activity decreased significantly after continuous-wave exposure but not after amplitude-modulated exposure. Liver enzyme activity increased after both continuous-wave and amplitude-modulated exposure, while body and organ weights were unaffected.
