Fu Y, Wang C, Wang J, Lei Y, Ma Y. · 2008
Chinese researchers exposed mice to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (the same type emitted by power lines and household appliances) for either 7 or 25 days, then tested their spatial memory using a maze. While short-term exposure had no effect, mice exposed to 50 Hz fields for 25 days showed impaired ability to recognize new areas in the maze. This suggests that chronic exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields may interfere with spatial memory and navigation abilities.
Devrim E et al. · 2008
EMR exposure increased MDA, XO, and GSH-Px activities in erythrocytes compared with controls. In kidney tissue, EMR increased MDA and CAT activities but decreased XO and ADA activities. In heart tissue, EMR decreased MDA, ADA, and XO activities. Vitamin C seems to make partial protection against oxidative stress in erythrocytes.
Stovner LJ, Oftedal G, Straume A, Johnsson A. · 2008
The study aimed to investigate headache type and location in a provocation study to gain insight into possible causes and mechanisms. Seventeen participants completed 130 trials of sham or RF exposure. No significant difference existed in headache type, laterality, or location between the two exposure types. In most participants, the headache was compatible with tension-type headache.
George I et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to a 60 Hz, 8 µT electromagnetic field for 30 minutes before inducing ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury to the heart. Significant upregulation of the HSP70 gene and increased hsp70 levels were measured in response to EMF pre-exposures. Systolic contractile function showed significant recovery after 30 minutes of reperfusion in EMF-exposed animals, and diastolic function was markedly improved as well.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers exposed mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells to ELF-EMF at 3 mT and 60 Hz and measured cellular collagen as a marker of differentiation. ELF-EMF exposure significantly increased collagen content in the cells. Inhibiting the p38 MAPK pathway with SB203580 suppressed the ELF-EMF-induced collagen increase, while inhibiting the PI3K pathway with LY294002 accelerated it. The ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 reduced collagen in all conditions but did not block the ELF-EMF effect.
Nittby H et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed Fischer 344 rats to radiation from a GSM mobile test phone at 1,800 MHz for 6 hours and then analyzed gene expression in the cortex and hippocampus. Four rats were exposed in an anechoic chamber one at a time, and four control rats were kept in the same chamber for the same duration without exposure. Gene ontology analysis found highly significant changes in gene categories related to membrane functions in both brain regions.
Nittby H et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at 1,800 MHz for 6 hours and found significant changes in brain gene activity. The genetic alterations affected genes controlling cell membranes and cellular communication in the cortex and hippocampus, the same brain regions where previous studies documented blood-brain barrier damage.
Ammari M et al. · 2008
Researchers investigated the effects of sub-chronic and chronic head-only exposure to 900 MHz GSM signals on spatial memory in male rats. Rats were exposed for 45 minutes per day at a SAR of 1.5 W Kg(-1), or 15 minutes per day at a SAR of 6 W Kg(-1), for either 8 or 24 weeks, and then tested in a radial-arm maze. Spatial memory was unaffected in the exposed rats, while scopolamine-treated positive control rats showed a deficit in the spatial memory task.
Ammari M et al. · 2008
French researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz cell phone radiation (the same frequency used by GSM phones) for either 8 or 24 weeks, then tested their spatial memory using a maze. The rats showed no memory problems compared to unexposed rats, even at radiation levels up to four times higher than current safety limits. This suggests that chronic cell phone radiation exposure may not impair spatial learning and memory functions in the brain.
Valbonesi P et al. · 2008
Researchers used the human trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo to evaluate HSP70 and HSC70 protein and gene expression and primary DNA damage after nonthermal exposure to pulse-modulated 1817 MHz GSM-217 Hz waves for one hour at a SAR of 2 W/kg. Heat shock significantly enhanced HSP70 expression but not HSC70 expression. Exposure to high-frequency EMFs did not change HSP70 or HSC70 protein or gene expression. Hydrogen peroxide caused a significant increase in DNA strand breaks, but EMF exposure did not. Overall, no evidence was found that the exposure induced a HSP70-mediated stress response or primary DNA damage.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers measured 50 Hz magnetic fields in 31 apartment buildings with built-in transformer stations. In each building they selected three apartments: one above the transformer room, one on the same floor, and one on a higher floor. The mean magnetic field was 0.98 microT above transformers, 0.13 microT on the same floor, and 0.1 microT on higher floors. At a 0.2 microT threshold, 97% of apartments above transformers exceeded it versus 14% on the same floor and 13% on higher floors. At 0.4 microT, 81% of apartments above transformers exceeded it while none on other floors did.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers investigated the effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields on DNA damage response in murine L929 cells. Cells were exposed to magnetic fields at 100 or 300 microT combined with menadione or UVB radiation using various exposure schedules. Pre-exposure to 100 microT magnetic fields for 24 hours before menadione treatment decreased the proportion of sub G1 cells and increased the proportion of cells in G2/M phase. Exposure to 300 microT magnetic fields also decreased the proportion of cells in G1 phase. Magnetic field exposure after menadione treatment did not alter the response, and no effects were seen from magnetic fields alone or combined with UVB radiation.
Paparini A et al. · 2008
Mice were exposed to GSM 1800 MHz signal for 1 hour at a whole body SAR of 1.1 W/kg. Gene expression was measured in whole brain using microarrays with over 22,600 probe sets. Comparison of sham and exposed animals showed no significant difference in gene expression. With less stringent analysis, 75 genes appeared modulated but were not confirmed by real-time PCR.
Paparini A et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed mice to GSM cell phone radiation (1800 MHz) for one hour and analyzed gene expression changes in brain tissue using advanced genetic screening techniques. They found no significant changes in brain gene expression patterns, even when using less strict analysis methods that initially suggested 75 genes might be affected. This study suggests that short-term exposure to cell phone-level radiation may not cause major genetic changes in brain tissue.
Huang TQ, Lee MS, Oh E, Zhang BT, Seo JS, Park WY. · 2008
They assessed cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, DNA damage, and gene expression. RF exposure did not significantly change cell numbers, cell cycle distribution, or DNA damage levels. Genome-wide analysis found no genes changed more than two-fold, but ten genes changed 1.3- to 1.8-fold, including down-regulation of CXCR3 and IL1R2.
Unknown authors · 2008
Curcio G et al. · 2008
The study investigated whether repeated brief exposures to a GSM mobile phone signal had a cumulative effect on psychomotor functions. After each of 3 15-min exposures, both an acoustic simple reaction time task and a sequential finger tapping task were administered to subjects. No cumulative effects were detected, though there was a non-statistical trend toward shorter reaction times.
Curcio G et al. · 2008
Italian researchers exposed 24 people to GSM mobile phone radiation (902.40 MHz) for three separate 15-minute sessions and tested their reaction times and finger coordination after each exposure. They found no measurable effects on psychomotor performance, though there was a slight non-significant trend toward faster reaction times. The study suggests that brief, repeated mobile phone exposures at typical power levels don't impair basic motor skills and reflexes.
Unterlechner M, Sauter C, Schmid G, Zeitlhofer J · 2008
Unknown authors · 2008
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (similar to WiFi frequency) at very low power levels for 3 hours daily over 30 days. The exposed rats showed significant learning and memory problems, along with elevated stress hormones and brain cell death in the hippocampus. When researchers blocked the stress hormone pathway, the cognitive damage was partially prevented.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers investigated DNA sensitivity in peripheral blood leukocytes of radar-facility workers daily exposed to microwave radiation and unexposed controls. The study used alkaline comet assay and chromatid breakage assay to evaluate DNA damage and sensitivity. Exposed workers showed increased DNA damage by comet assay and almost three times more bleomycin-induced chromatid breaks than controls. The difference in break per cell values between smokers and non-smokers was statistically significant in the exposed group. Regression analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between the two assay results, with the best correlation between tail moment and number of chromatid breaks.
Unknown authors · 2008
Croatian researchers studied radar workers exposed to microwave radiation (1,250-1,350 MHz) and found significant DNA damage in their blood cells. Workers showed nearly three times more chromosome breaks when exposed to a DNA-damaging chemical compared to unexposed controls. The study suggests occupational microwave exposure may increase cancer susceptibility.
Huang TQ et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed HEI-OC1 immortalized mouse auditory hair cells to 1763 MHz RF at 20 W/kg SAR in a CDMA chamber for 24 and 48 hours. They assessed cell cycle, DNA damage, heat shock protein expression, MAPK phosphorylation, and gene expression, finding no changes in cell cycle, DNA damage, HSP expression, or MAPK phosphorylation. Microarray analysis showed only 29 genes (0.09% of total) changed more than 1.5-fold after exposure.
Manti L et al. · 2008
Italian researchers exposed human blood cells to cell phone radiation (1.95 GHz UMTS signal) for 24 hours, then hit them with X-rays to see if the RF exposure made the radiation damage worse. While the cell phone signals didn't increase the number of damaged cells, they did cause a small but measurable increase in the severity of chromosome damage within each affected cell at the higher exposure level (2.0 W/kg SAR). This suggests RF radiation might interfere with the cell's ability to repair DNA damage from other sources.
