Frahm J, Mattsson MO, Simkó M. · 2010
Researchers exposed mouse macrophages to a 50 Hz, 1.0 mT magnetic field and measured changes in reactive oxygen species production and protein expression. Short-term exposures of two hours or less caused slight and transient decreases in several proteins, including clathrin, adaptin, PI3-kinase, protein kinase B, and PP2A, while longer exposures had no effect on these proteins. The stress proteins Hsp70 and Hsp110 showed increased levels at certain time points but not generally.
Garip AI, Akan Z. · 2010
Researchers investigated the effect of ELF-EMF on apoptosis in K562 human leukemia cells, with and without oxidative stress, and examined links to heat-shock protein 70 levels. ELF-EMF at 1 mT and 50 Hz was applied for 3 hours, with one group of cells treated with H2O2 to induce oxidative stress and another left untreated. In cells not exposed to oxidative stress, ELF-EMF caused a decrease in the number of apoptotic cells and a slight increase in viability. In cells treated with H2O2, ELF-EMF increased the number of apoptotic cells, and hsp70 and reactive oxygen species levels were also increased.
Lee HM et al. · 2010
Researchers cultured human intervertebral disc (IVD) cells in alginate beads and exposed them to an electromagnetic field at 1.8 millitesla magnetic flux density and 60 Hz. Cellular proliferation was observed in the EMF group (p < 0.05), and no cytotoxicity was found. There was no significant change in the expression of aggrecan, type I, and type II collagen mRNA in the EMF group compared to the control group. DNA synthesis was partially mediated by nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2.
Mannerling AC, Simkó M, Mild KH, Mattsson MO · 2010
Researchers exposed human K562 leukemia cells to a 50-Hz sine-wave magnetic field for 1 hour at flux densities ranging from 0.025 to 0.10 mT, measuring proliferation, cell cycle distribution, superoxide radical anion levels, and HSP70 protein levels. Both vertical and horizontal exposures caused significantly and transiently increased HSP70 levels of more than twofold at several flux densities, compared to sham controls and also compared to a heat-treatment positive control. Superoxide radical anion levels increased by 30–40%, and adding free radical scavengers melatonin or 1,10-phenantroline inhibited the magnetic-field-induced increase in HSP70. Cell cycle kinetics and proliferation were not affected by exposure at 0.10 mT for 1 hour.
Morabito C et al. · 2010
Researchers used C2C12 cells as an in vitro model of the skeletal muscle phenotype to study the effects of short-term exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on muscle cell differentiation and function. ELF-EMFs induced reactive oxygen species production in myoblasts and myotubes with a concomitant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. The cellular detoxification system was activated, with increases in catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. ELF-EMFs also altered intracellular calcium homeostasis, increasing the spontaneous activity of myotubes and enhancing cellular reactivity to a depolarizing agent or an agonist of intracellular store calcium channels.
Achudume A, Onibere B, Aina F, Tchokossa P · 2010
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to radio frequency radiation at 1800 MHz with a specific absorption rate of 0.95 to 3.9 W/kg for 40 or 60 days continuously. At 40 days, electromagnetic radiation failed to induce any significant alterations. At 60 days of exposure, various attributes evaluated decreased, including decreases in NADPH and ascorbate-linked lipid peroxidation along with diminution in enzymatic antioxidative defense systems and decreased glucose residue.
Cuccurazzu B et al. · 2010
Italian researchers exposed mice to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (European power line frequency) for up to seven hours daily over one week. This significantly increased new brain cell growth in the hippocampus, improving long-term memory formation and suggesting potential therapeutic applications for brain regenerative medicine.
Szemerszky R, Zelena D, Barna I, Bárdos G. · 2010
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (household electrical frequency) for weeks and found increased blood sugar, stress hormones, and depression-like behavior compared to short-term exposure. This suggests chronic EMF exposure may act as a mild stressor affecting mood and metabolism.
Volkow ND et al. · 2010
Researchers measured brain glucose metabolism in fifteen healthy subjects inside a 4 T magnet, comparing conditions with and without echo-planar imaging (EPI) gradient pulses. Relative metabolism was lower in areas at the poles of the brain when the EPI pulses were on compared to when they were off. The size of the metabolic decreases was significantly correlated with the estimated strength of the electric field (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001), such that a stronger field was associated with larger decreases. No differences were detected between the ON and OFF conditions for mood ratings or for absolute whole-brain metabolism.
Zhijian C et al. · 2010
Researchers used a comet assay to study whether 1.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation (RFR, SAR of 2 W/kg) could influence DNA repair in human B-cell lymphoblastoid cells exposed to doxorubicin (DOX). RFR alone did not directly induce DNA damage in the cells. A specific combined-exposure pattern could obviously influence DNA repair at 6 h and 12 h after exposure to DOX for four DOX doses.
Achudume A, Onibere B, Aina F, Tchokossa P. · 2010
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (900 MHz and 1800 MHz) for 40 or 60 days. While 40 days showed no effects, 60 days significantly weakened the animals' antioxidant defenses and altered cellular chemistry, suggesting prolonged exposure may overwhelm natural protection against cellular damage.
Jorge-Mora T et al. · 2010
Maskey D et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed mice to cell phone radiation (835 MHz) for one month and found almost complete loss of brain cells in the hippocampus, the region responsible for memory and learning. This suggests cell phone radiation may disrupt brain function and potentially affect memory formation.
Maskey D et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed mice to cell phone radiation (835 MHz) for three months and found brain cell death and inflammation in the hippocampus, the brain's memory center. This demonstrates that chronic exposure to radiofrequency levels similar to cell phones can damage critical brain areas.
Maganioti AE et al. · 2010
Researchers examined P600 waveform activation patterns using principal component analysis and repeated measures ANOVA to test for RF and gender dependence. Event-related potentials were recorded from thirty-nine healthy subjects (20 male and 19 female) during an auditory memory task in the presence and absence of RF similar to that emitted by mobile phones. Both PCA and ANOVA showed that P600 activation occurs early and intensely in posterior electrodes, less intensely in central electrodes, and later with reduced intensity in anterior electrodes. In the absence of RF, female subjects had significantly lower amplitudes at anterior electrodes and earlier latencies at central electrodes than males, but these gender differences disappeared during RF exposure.
Campisi A et al. · 2010
Italian researchers exposed brain cells called astrocytes to 900 MHz microwave radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for up to 20 minutes and measured cellular damage. They found that modulated signals caused significant increases in harmful free radicals and DNA fragmentation, while continuous waves did not produce these effects. The study demonstrates that even brief exposures to low-intensity electromagnetic fields can damage brain cells at the molecular level.
Franzellitti S et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed human trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells to 1.8 GHz continuous wave and GSM signals for 4, 16, or 24 hours. The GSM-Talk signal used an intermittent pattern of 5 minutes on and 10 minutes off. The alkaline comet assay measured primary DNA damage and strand breaks from incomplete repair. Amplitude-modulated GSM-217 Hz and GSM-Talk signals significantly increased comet parameters after 16 and 24 hours, while continuous wave did not. DNA damage recovered within 2 hours after exposure ended, returning to sham-exposed levels.
Akimoto S et al. · 2010
Researchers calculated SAR distribution in a fetus using a numerical model of a pregnant woman exposed to the near-field of a normal mode helical antenna at 150 MHz. Fetal SARs were greatly affected by the distance and penetration path from the antenna to the fetal surface and were lower than occupational RF safety guidelines.
Angelone LM, Bit-Babik G, Chou CK. · 2010
Researchers performed a finite-difference time-domain simulation of a human head model with EEG electrodes and leads exposed to RF sources at 915 MHz and 1748 MHz. Whole-head and peak 10-g average SAR changed by less than 20% with leads present, and peak SAR values remained below ICNIRP and IEEE limits. However, a volumetric assessment revealed a two-order-of-magnitude increase in single-voxel power absorption in the epidermis and a 40-fold increase in the brain when metallic leads were used with a 915 MHz mobile phone.
Finnie JW, Cai Z, Manavis J, Helps S, Blumbergs PC · 2010
Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz RF fields at 4 W/kg for 60 minutes or five days per week for 104 weeks. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely moving in cages, and positive controls received a stab wound. No increase in microglial Iba1 expression was found in exposed brains compared to controls, while positive controls showed substantial activation. Acute or two-year exposure did not produce microglial activation detectable by Iba1 immunostaining.
Markkanen A, Naarala J, Juutilainen J · 2010
Murine L929 fibroblast cells were exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields of 100 or 300 μT during or before UV exposure. No significant magnetic field effects were found, and the results did not support the hypothesis that such fields modify biological responses to UV radiation by changing oxidative reactions.
Bourthoumieu S et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed human amniotic cells to GSM-900 MHz radiofrequency radiation at an average SAR of 0.25 W/kg for 24 hours. Genotoxic effects were assessed immediately and 24 hours after exposure using R-banded karyotyping of 100 metaphase cells per assay across four samples. No direct cytogenetic effects were observed at either time point.
Lu ST et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed four adult male Rhesus monkeys to a 2.8 GHz pulsed microwave signal at 13.0 mW/cm(2) spatial and temporal average power density. The exposure raised eyelid temperature by 1.0-1.2 degrees C. Experiment I consisted of nine 4-hour exposures over three weeks.
Nylund R, Kuster N, Leszczynski D · 2010
Researchers exposed human blood vessel cells (endothelial cells) to cell phone radiation at 1800 MHz for one hour at levels similar to what phones emit during calls. They used advanced protein analysis to detect any changes in how the cells functioned. The study found no statistically significant changes in protein expression, suggesting this type of radiation exposure didn't alter cellular activity in these particular cells under these conditions.
Parazzini M et al. · 2010
Researchers investigated the potential effects of UMTS exposure at a high specific absorption rate on the human auditory system in 73 healthy young adults. Participants received a 20-minute UMTS exposure at 1947 MHz with a maximum SAR of 1.75 W/kg in a double-blind comparison of genuine and sham exposure. No consistent pattern of effects was found on hearing thresholds, otoacoustic emissions, or auditory evoked potentials. The study concluded that short-term UMTS exposure at this SAR does not cause measurable immediate effects on the human auditory system.
