Del Vecchio G et al. · 2009
Researchers studied the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on neuronal maturation using two in vitro models: murine SN56 cholinergic cells and rat primary cortical neurons. Cells were exposed at 1 W/kg at 900 MHz GSM modulated, and neurite emission, outgrowth, and branching were examined at multiple time points. RF-EMF exposure reduced the number of neurites in both cell systems, and this reduction correlated with increased expression of beta-thymosin mRNA.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers exposed male rats to a static magnetic field of 128 mT for one hour per day over five consecutive days. They tested emotional behavior in the elevated plus maze and open field, and learning and memory in the Morris water maze. Exposed rats showed no significant difference in anxiety tests but spent half as much time in the open arms of the plus maze, and they were partially impaired in both initial learning and one-week retention in the water maze.
Unknown authors · 2008
Fifteen subjectively electrosensitive patients and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were exposed to sham mobile phone radiation and heat as a control condition. During anticipation of and exposure to sham mobile phone radiation, the electrosensitive group showed increased activations in the anterior cingulate and insular cortex as well as fusiform gyrus compared to controls. Heat stimulation led to similar activations in both groups.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers exposed 48 pregnant rats to two magnetic field patterns across four intensity ranges during prenatal development. Cytometric anomalies were significantly increased in hippocampal regions associated with adult neuronal neogenesis.
Unknown authors · 2008
Case-control studies showed a pooled odds ratio of 2.03 and cohort studies a pooled relative risk of 1.62 for Alzheimer disease. Both analyses had moderate to high statistical heterogeneity. Cohort studies found consistently increased risks for exposed men with no heterogeneity. No dose-response relationship was found and publication bias tests suggested small study effects.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers used the SOD-1 mouse model to assess the possible effect of ELF magnetic fields on ALS development. Seven mice per group were exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 100 and 1000 microT(rms) before clinical signs of ALS appeared. Exposure lasted 7 weeks while body weight, motor performance, and life span were monitored. The results showed no evidence of a link between ELF exposure and ALS in this transgenic animal model.
Unknown authors · 2008
Unknown authors · 2008
In open provocation the sensitive group reacted to both GSM and UMTS signals (p < 0.0025). In double-blind tests the sensitive group reacted to UMTS. The sensitive group also showed a large, statistically significant increase in skin conductance (p < 0.001). The study required 66 individuals per group for a power 0.90 but only 44 sensitive individuals were tested, reducing power to about 0.7.
Unknown authors · 2008
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers recorded TEOAEs in 27 healthy young adults before and after 10 minutes of real or sham GSM exposure in a double-blind design. TEOAE data were analyzed both globally using broadband analysis and with wavelet transform for time-frequency fine structure. Both analyses revealed no significant effect of exposure on TEOAEs.
Unknown authors · 2008
The review examines radiofrequency and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field effects on the blood-brain barrier. Evidence indicates that exposure to electromagnetic fields at non-thermal levels can disrupt the blood-brain barrier. The authors note that demonstrated effects have caused societal anxiety and that continued research is needed to understand how to neutralize or reduce these effects.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers developed child head models based on magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed maximum SAR over 10 g in seven child and six adult heterogeneous head models. They also assessed SAR over 1 g in specific tissues for both child and adult head models. Simulations showed that maximum SAR over 10 g differed little between adults and children relative to variability, but maximum SAR in 1 g of peripheral brain tissue was about two times higher in child models aged 5–8 years than in adult models, with no difference for older children.
Lahkola A et al. · 2008
Researchers conducted an international case-control study of 1209 meningioma cases and 3299 population-based controls, identifying cases from hospitals and controls from national registers and general practitioners' lists. Detailed mobile phone use history was obtained by personal interview, assessing regular use (at least once a week for six months), duration, cumulative hours, and number of calls. Regular users showed lower meningioma risk (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65-0.89), with no increased risk related to years since first use, lifetime years, cumulative hours, or cumulative calls, and findings were consistent across network types, age, and sex.
Huang TQ et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed HEI-OC1 immortalized mouse auditory hair cells to 1763 MHz RF at 20 W/kg SAR in a CDMA chamber for 24 and 48 hours. They assessed cell cycle, DNA damage, heat shock protein expression, MAPK phosphorylation, and gene expression, finding no changes in cell cycle, DNA damage, HSP expression, or MAPK phosphorylation. Microarray analysis showed only 29 genes (0.09% of total) changed more than 1.5-fold after exposure.
Türközer Z, Güler G, Seyhan N. · 2008
Researchers aimed to evaluate the effects of varied 50 Hz electric field exposure on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in guinea pig brain homogenates. Guinea pigs were exposed to electric fields ranging from 2 to 5 kV/m for three days, eight hours per day, in both vertical and horizontal directions. No statistically significant differences were found between exposed and sham groups in lipid peroxidation levels or enzyme activities at any field strength or direction. Comparisons between vertical and horizontal exposure directions also showed no significant differences.
Yilmaz F, Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Kilinc N · 2008
Researchers investigated anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein in rat brain and testes after whole-body exposure to 900 MHz cellular phone radiation. The results showed that 20 minutes of radiation did not alter bcl-2 protein in the brain and testes of rats. The study used two groups of eight Sprague-Dawley rats each, with the experimental group exposed to phones in speech condition for 20 minutes per day for one month and the sham group exposed to turned-off phones. The authors speculated that bcl-2 may not be involved in radiation effects on the brain and testes of rats.
Unterlechner M, Sauter C, Schmid G, Zeitlhofer J · 2008
Stovner LJ, Oftedal G, Straume A, Johnsson A. · 2008
The study aimed to investigate headache type and location in a provocation study to gain insight into possible causes and mechanisms. Seventeen participants completed 130 trials of sham or RF exposure. No significant difference existed in headache type, laterality, or location between the two exposure types. In most participants, the headache was compatible with tension-type headache.
Stefanics G, Thuróczy G, Kellényi L, Hernádi I · 2008
Before and after exposure, subjects heard tone bursts while EEG was recorded and counted target tones. No significant effects were found on the amplitude or latency of N100, N200, P200, or P300 components. Early evoked gamma activity was also insensitive to the UMTS RF exposure.
Riddervold IS et al. · 2008
Forty adolescents and 40 adults were exposed to UMTS base station signals and sham conditions in a randomized, double-blinded cross-over design. Each exposure lasted 45 minutes while participants performed cognitive tasks and reported symptoms. No statistically significant differences were found between UMTS and sham conditions for the main cognitive test. An increase in headache rating was observed when combining both age groups, though this may reflect baseline differences.
Paparini A et al. · 2008
Mice were exposed to GSM 1800 MHz signal for 1 hour at a whole body SAR of 1.1 W/kg. Gene expression was measured in whole brain using microarrays with over 22,600 probe sets. Comparison of sham and exposed animals showed no significant difference in gene expression. With less stringent analysis, 75 genes appeared modulated but were not confirmed by real-time PCR.
Kleinlogel H et al. · 2008
Researchers tested the effects of 1950 MHz UMTS at 0.1 and 1 W/kg and pulsed 900 MHz GSM at 1 W/kg on event-related potentials and behavioral measures in 15 healthy right-handed subjects. The study used a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Neither the UMTS- nor the GSM-EMF produced any significant changes in the measured parameters compared to sham exposure. The results do not give any evidence for a deleterious effect of the EMF on normal healthy mobile phone users.
Kleinlogel H et al. · 2008
Researchers tested 1950 MHz UMTS at SAR 0.1 and 1 W/kg and pulsed 900 MHz GSM at 1 W/kg on well-being and vigilance-controlled resting EEG in 15 healthy right-handed subjects. The study used a double-blind randomised crossover design. Neither UMTS nor GSM exposure produced significant changes in measured parameters compared to sham exposure. The results did not give evidence for a deleterious effect of the EMF on normal healthy mobile phone users.
Kim TH et al. · 2008
Researchers used a carousel-type chamber to expose the heads of C57BL mice to 849 MHz or 1763 MHz RF radiation. Mice were irradiated intermittently at 7.8 W/kg for up to 12 months. Brain tissues collected at 6 and 12 months showed no differences in histology, cell proliferation, NeuN and GFAP expression in hippocampus and cerebellum, or cell death between exposure and control groups. Body weights did not differ among sham, 849 MHz, and 1763 MHz groups during the study.
Grafström G et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed 32 rats to GSM-900 radiation once weekly for two hours over 55 weeks at average whole-body SAR values of 0.6 and 60 mW/kg. Sixteen rats were sham exposed and eight served as cage controls. After behavioral tests conducted 5–7 weeks after the last exposure, the brains were examined for albumin extravasation, dark neurons, lipofuscin aggregation, and neuronal cytoskeletal changes, but no significant alterations were detected.
