Eulitz, C, Ullsperger, P, Freude, G, Elbert ,T · 1998
The study aimed to investigate how mobile phones modulate response patterns of human brain activity. The researchers found that pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields from mobile phones alter induced but not evoked brain activity in higher frequency bands during processing of task-relevant target stimuli, with no effect for irrelevant standard stimuli. The authors suggest that PEMF exposure may provide a means to systematically alter pattern fluctuations in neural mass activity.
Duan L, Shan Y, Yu X · 1998
Researchers studied the effects of high-frequency radiation exposure on neurobehavioral function in workers. Four neurobehavioral functions were tested using the WHO-recommended Neurobehavioral Core Tests Battery. Exposed workers had significantly lower scores on various indicators compared to controls, and these scores correlated with neurasthenia detection to some extent.
Ding G, Xie X, Zhang L et al. · 1998
Researchers studied the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in the hippocampus and cerebellum of rats after exposure to electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The number of NOS-positive neurons and staining intensity in the hippocampus decreased at 1.5 and 24 hours after exposure. At 48 hours, the number of NOS-positive neurons returned to control levels, but staining intensity remained lower. NOS expression in the cerebellum showed no obvious changes. The authors suggest that decreased hippocampal NOS expression relates to learning and memory obstruction after EMP exposure.
Braune, S, Wrocklage, C, Raczek, J, Gailus, T, Lucking, CH · 1998
The study enrolled seven healthy men and three women volunteers aged 26 to 36 years in a single-blind placebo-controlled design. Participants were exposed to a GSM 900 MHz signal at 2 Watt with a 217 Hz frame repetition rate for 35 min per session. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded continuously with a Finapres device, while capillary perfusion was measured with an infrared plethysmograph on the right hand.
Walters TJ et al. · 1998
Researchers measured hypothalamic, cortical, tympanic, and rectal temperatures in rats exposed to 2.06 GHz microwave radiation at two power densities. The high-power density was 1700 mW/cm² with specific absorption rates of 1224 W/kg in hypothalamus and 493 W/kg in cortex, while the low-power density was 170 mW/cm² with SARs of 122.4 W/kg and 49.3 W/kg. During high-power exposure, the hypothalamic temperature rose significantly faster than cortical or rectal temperatures, whereas low-power exposure produced more uniform heating. For comparison, warm-water immersion produced uniform heating, while warm ambient exposure and exercise maintained the pre-existing temperature gradient between hypothalamus and cortex.
Mickley GA, Cobb BL · 1998
Tolerant rats showed significantly lower hyperthermia on Day 2 and explored the novel object similarly to sham-exposed rats, whereas non-tolerant rats did not show a preference for the new object. Naltrexone (10 mg/kg) administered just before exposure blocked the hyperthermia-induced discrimination deficit in non-tolerant rats, making their exploration pattern resemble that of tolerant and sham-exposed animals.
Loscher W, Kas G, · 1998
Researchers observed behavioral abnormalities, reduced milk yield, and increased health problems in a herd of cows near a TV and cell phone transmitting antenna over two years. Evaluation of possible factors found no explanation other than high-frequency electromagnetic fields. In an experiment, a cow with abnormal behavior was moved 20 km from the antenna and normalized completely within five days, but symptoms returned when the cow was brought back. The researchers suggested the abnormalities might be related to electromagnetic field exposure, with power densities measured at 0.02-7 mW/m2.
Grigor'ev IuG, Stepanov VS · 1998
Researchers investigated how prior low-level electromagnetic field exposure affects memory formation (imprinting) in chicks. EMF at power densities from 0.4 to 10 mW/cm2 was found to potentially influence the forming of memory (imprinting). The study showed the possibility of EMF-modulated information being fixed in the embryonic brain during the natal period and conserved after birth.
Behari J, Kunjilwar KK, and Pyne S · 1998
Researchers studied the effect of low-level amplitude-modulated radiofrequency radiation on Na+–K+-ATPase activity in the brains of developing male Wistar rats aged 23 days. Rats were exposed to carrier wave frequencies of 147 MHz and its sub-harmonic frequencies 73.5 and 36.75 MHz, amplitude modulated at 16 and 76 Hz, for 30–35 days at 3 hours per day. Na+–K+-ATPase activity increased by around 19–20% in rats exposed with amplitude modulation at 16 Hz, and by around 15–16% in rats exposed with amplitude modulation at 76 Hz, compared to controls. The researchers concluded that the effect on Na+–K+-ATPase activity was insensitive to the carrier wave frequencies under investigation.
Kavaliers M, Choleris E, Prato FS, Ossenkopp K · 1998
Researchers studied how nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) influence opioid-induced antinociception in the land snail Cepaea nemoralis, and whether these chemicals play a role in the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field exposure. Pain relief was measured by how long snails took to withdraw their foot from a thermal stimulus of 40°C. Exposure to a 60-Hz magnetic field at 141 μT peak for 15 minutes reduced the enkephalinase-induced antinociception in the snails. The inhibitory effects of the magnetic field were significantly reduced by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and significantly enhanced by a nitric oxide releasing agent.
Unknown authors · 1997
Researchers exposed ten patients with perceived electrical hypersensitivity and ten healthy controls to amplitude-modulated light. The sensitivity of the brain to this type of visual stimulation was tested using electroretinography and visual evoked potentials. Patients had higher cortical response amplitudes at all stimulation frequencies, but retinal responses did not differ.
Unknown authors · 1997
Unknown authors · 1997
Researchers used data from 12,063 Finnish twins who completed a depression inventory in 1990. Exposure was assessed using 20-year histories of distance to and calculated magnetic fields from 110- to 400-kV overhead power lines. Adjusted mean depression scores did not differ by exposure level. The risk of severe depression was 4.7 times higher for those living within 100 meters of a high-voltage line, though this was based on small numbers.
Vollrath L, Spessert R, Kratzsch T, Keiner M, Hollmann H · 1997
Researchers exposed male and female Sprague-Dawley rats and Djungarian hamsters to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields at 0.1 to 0.6 mW/cm2, continuous or pulsed at 217 Hz, for 15 min to 6 h. At day or night had no notable short-term effect on pineal melatonin synthesis in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats and Djungarian hamsters. Pineal synaptic ribbon profile numbers (studied in rats only) were likewise not affected The 900 MHz electromagnetic fields, unpulsed or pulsed at 217 Hz, as applied in the present study, have no short-term effect on the mammalian pineal gland.
Salford LG, Brun A, Persson BRR · 1997
Researchers used Fischer 344 rats of both sexes with implanted glioma cells (RG2 and N32) in a matched-pair design. Starting on day 5 after inoculation, rats were exposed for 7 hours a day, 5 days a week for 2–3 weeks to 915 MHz continuous or pulse-modulated microwaves. The study found no significant difference in tumour size between exposed and control animals. Tumour size was estimated as the volume of an ellipsoid after histopathological examination of all brains.
Roschke, J, Mann, K · 1997
Researchers tested 34 healthy men in a single-blind cross-over study with a 900 MHz GSM field at 0.05 mW/cm² for nearly 3.5 minutes. They measured spontaneous EEG from C3 and C4 under closed eyes and found no difference in spectral power density between active and inactive phone conditions.
Ivaschuk OI et al. · 1997
Researchers exposed nerve growth factor-treated PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells to a packet-modulated 836.55 MHz radiofrequency field at power densities of 0.09, 0.9, and 9 mW/cm2 for 20, 40, or 60 minutes, with an intermittent 20-minute on/off regimen. Sham-exposed cells served as controls, and c-fos and c-jun expression was measured by Northern blot analysis of total RNA. C-fos transcript levels did not change after 20 minutes at any intensity, while c-jun transcripts decreased by 38% only after 20 minutes at 9 mW/cm2.
Schilling, CJ · 1997
Redelmeier DA, Tibshirani RJ · 1997
Researchers used a case-crossover design to study 699 drivers who had cellular telephones and were involved in motor vehicle collisions with substantial property damage but no personal injury. The risk of a collision during a call was four times higher than when not using a telephone, with a relative risk of 4.3. Calls placed within five minutes of the collision had a relative risk of 4.8, while hands-free units offered no safety advantage over hand-held units.
Persson BRR, Salford LG, Brun A · 1997
Researchers studied blood-brain barrier permeability in Fischer 344 rats of both sexes exposed to radio frequency electromagnetic fields. The exposure used 915 MHz microwaves delivered as either pulse-modulated or continuous wave signals. The rate of pathological leakage rose from 0.17 in controls to 0.39 across all exposed rats, a highly significant difference. Continuous wave exposure produced a higher rate of pathological rats (0.50 ± 0.07) than pulse-modulated exposure (0.35 ± 0.03), and that difference was also statistically significant.
Gadzicka E, Bortkiewicz A, Zmyslony M, Palczynski C · 1997
The study used 24-hour blood pressure monitoring with a Medilog ABP kit to assess male workers from middlewave broadcast stations, radioservice stations, and radio line stations. Mean arterial blood pressure and day-night blood pressure variability did not differ significantly between exposed and control groups. Daily heart rate was significantly lower in middlewave broadcast station workers compared to controls despite similar work and non-occupational activities. Day-night heart rate variability was significantly lower in exposed groups, which may suggest neurovegetative regulation disorders. Radioservice station workers had a higher incidence of increased arterial blood pressure than controls.
Chattopadhyay SK, Toews KA, Butt S, Barlett R, Brown HD · 1997
Acetylcholinesterase and NADPH cytochrome-P450 reductase show the same temperature versus activity profile in AOT reverse micelles as in buffered dilute solution. In reverse micelles, inhibitors such as propidium and d-tubocurarine have much less effect on indophenol-acetate hydrolysis than in dilute solution, while other inhibitors act the same. The internal pH of reverse micelles depends on available hydrogen ions, low-molarity buffers often cannot keep pH constant, and proton-yielding reactions proceed dramatically faster than in dilute solution at the same acidic pH.
Vorobyov VV, Galchenko AA, Kukushkin NI, Akoev IG · 1997
Researchers studied averaged EEG frequency spectra in eight unanesthetized adult male rats with chronically implanted electrodes in symmetrical somesthetic areas during intermittent exposure to a weak 945 MHz microwave field amplitude-modulated at 4 Hz. Hemispheric asymmetry showed power decreases in the 1.5-3 Hz range on the left and in the 10-14 and 20-30 Hz ranges on the right hemisphere. No differences between control and exposure were found in averaged spectra over 10 or 1 minute periods. However, significant elevations of EEG asymmetry in the 10-14 Hz range occurred during the first 20 seconds after most microwave field onsets when spectra were averaged every 10 seconds.
Rojavin MA, Ziskin MC · 1997
Researchers injected BALB/c mice with ketamine 80 mg/kg or chloral hydrate 450 mg/kg and exposed them to 61.22 GHz millimeter waves at 420 W/kg peak specific absorption rate for 15 minutes. Millimeter wave exposure increased anesthesia duration by about 50% compared to sham exposure, which had no effect.
Pu, JS, Chen, J, Yang, YH, Bai, YQ · 1997
