Straume A, Oftedal G, Johnsson A · 2005
One healthy male subject participated in the study. The subject held the phone in a normal position while the phone was off, on with a 50 Ohm load replacing the antenna to remove RF exposure, and on while transmitting RF fields. The phone’s output power was set to its minimum and maximum levels. The experiment was double blind. Skin temperature changes were calculated on the exposed side of the head relative to the unexposed side after 15 and 30 minutes of use.
Pau HW, Sievert U, Eggert S, Wild W · 2005
Researchers applied a simulated GSM signal to one ear at a time while recording video nystagmography in 13 volunteers. No EM radiation-induced nystagmus was recorded in any volunteer. In human temporal bones, very weak caloric effects were only found near the antenna, while the horizontal semicircular canal seemed unaffected with temperature changes below 0.1 degree C.
Galloni P et al. · 2005
Researchers evaluated possible effects of cellular phone-like electromagnetic fields on the functionality of the rat cochlea. Distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitude was used as an indicator of outer hair cell status, and multiple exposure protocols with varying frequencies, intensities, and durations were tested before, during, and after exposure. No significant variation due to microwave exposure was evidenced.
Szyjkowska A et al. · 2005
A survey using a self-reported questionnaire was conducted among randomly selected university students in Lodz, Central Poland. Out of 160 questionnaires distributed, 140 were completed and 117 were analyzed after excluding respondents with pre-existing health problems. The participants were 61 males and 56 females, with most rating their health as good or very good. Seventy percent of students reported headache, 20% reported dizziness, 56% reported impaired concentration, and 11% reported facial dermatitis. Only 8 of 82 students with headache and 10 of 65 with impaired concentration attributed these symptoms to mobile phone use, and the authors concluded that further experimental and epidemiologic studies are needed.
Meo SA, Al-Drees AM · 2005
Researchers invited 873 mobile phone users (57.04% males, 39.86% females) to complete a structured questionnaire and used chi-square tests to examine call duration and symptoms. The study found an association between mobile phone use and hearing and vision complaints, with 34.59% reporting hearing issues like impaired hearing, ear ache, or warmth, and 5.04% reporting decreased or blurred vision. The authors concluded that mobile phone use is a health risk factor and suggested avoiding excessive use while increasing social awareness through health promotion.
Leena K, Tomi L, Arja RR. · 2005
The study surveyed a representative sample of 14-16-year-olds (N=3485) in 2001 about mobile phone use and health-compromising behaviours. Mobile phone was used by 89% of respondents and by 13% for at least 1h daily. The intensity of use was positively associated with health-compromising behaviours, and the associations remained after adjusting for weekly spending money.
Garcia Callejo FJ et al. · 2005
Researchers evaluated a group of healthy mobile phone users and a control group of non-users with audiometry at baseline and after three years. Mobile phone users made an average of 24.3 active contacts and accumulated 50.4 days of phone use over three years. After the follow-up, users had a 1 to 5 dB HL greater increase in hearing threshold at speech tones than controls (p<0.001). A trend linked longer phone use to greater hearing loss but was not statistically significant. The authors concluded that frequent mobile phone use over a middle period of time allows to detect a mild hearing loss, but the cause remains unclear.
Balikci K, Cem Ozcan I, Turgut-Balik D, Balik HH. · 2005
Balik HH, Turgut-Balik D, Balikci K, Ozcan IC. · 2005
Researchers conducted a survey to investigate the possible effects of long-term mobile phone use on eyes. The studied symptoms included blurring of vision, redness on the eyes, vision disturbance, secretion of the eyes, inflammation in the eyes, and lacrimation of the eyes. There was no effect on redness or vision disturbance, but statistical evidence suggested mobile phone use may cause blurring of vision, secretion, inflammation, and lacrimation.
Belyaev IY et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed human lymphocytes from healthy subjects and from persons reporting hypersensitivity to electromagnetic field (EMF) to 915 MHz microwaves and 50 Hz magnetic field, then measured chromatin conformation and markers of DNA damage. Both exposures caused significant chromatin condensation, similar to heat shock at 41 °C, but no significant differences were found between hypersensitive and healthy subjects. Neither 915 MHz nor 50 Hz exposure induced 53BP1 foci, and no apoptosis was induced.
Monnery PM, Srouji EI, Bartlett J · 2004
Researchers recruited 12 volunteers with normal hearing and measured their otoacoustic emissions. The volunteers were exposed to a mobile telephone placed over the mastoid process during receive and transmit modes. There was no change in the trace signature and no statistically significant change in trace figures. The researchers concluded that PEMF from mobile phones has no measurable effect on outer hair cell function during use.
Kimata H. · 2004
Writing mail on a mobile phone increased plasma nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3, and allergic skin wheal responses in atopic dermatitis patients. Viewing a comic video reduced these neurotrophin levels and allergic skin responses, while a nonhumorous video did not. Previewing the comic video also counteracted the mobile phone-mediated enhancement of neurotrophins and allergic skin wheal responses, whereas the weather video did not.
Hallberg O, Johansson O. · 2004
Researchers examined the development of mobile phone communication to see how it possibly relates to health impairment of the Swedish population. Official data on mobile phone use and long-term absence from work were collected and their co-variation was used to estimate future long-term absence rates under the hypothesis of a connection.
Bortkiewicz A, Zmyslony M, Szyjkowska A, Gadzicka E. · 2004
The review investigated subjective symptoms reported by people living near cellular phone base stations. Questionnaire surveys revealed various complaints mostly of the circulatory system, plus sleep disturbances, irritability, depression, blurred vision, concentration difficulties, nausea, lack of appetite, headache and vertigo. Studies showed a relationship between symptom incidence, exposure level, and distance from base stations. This association appeared in both people who attributed symptoms to the base station and those who did not. No studies worldwide found exposures exceeding ICNIRP standards.
Al-Khlaiwi T, Meo SA. · 2004
Researchers conducted a study in Saudi Arabia with 437 mobile phone users. The results showed an association between mobile phone use and health hazards, with headache at 21.6%, sleep disturbance at 4.%, tension at 3.9%, fatigue at 3%, and dizziness at 2.4%. The authors concluded that mobile phone use is a risk factor for health hazards and recommended avoiding long-term or excessive use through health promotion activities.
Wilen J et al. · 2004
The study assessed electromagnetic field exposure among RF plastic sealer operators and examined their health status. Measurements showed mean electric field strength of 107 V/m and magnetic field strength of 0.24 A/m, with 11 of 46 sealers exceeding ICNIRP reference levels. RF operators, particularly ready-made clothing workers, had slightly disturbed two-point discrimination ability compared to controls. No significant difference in subjective symptom prevalence was found, but time-integrated exposure was linked to fatigue, headaches, and warmth sensations in the hands. RF operators also had significantly lower heart rate and more bradycardia episodes during 24-hour ECG monitoring.
Unknown authors · 2003
Researchers conducted a survey of 530 people living near or not near cellular phone base stations. They compared frequencies of 16 non-specific health symptoms using a chi-square test with Yates correction. Older subjects showed a significant increase in symptoms. Facing the base station within 100 meters was the worst position for some symptoms. No significant difference was found for exposure duration except irritability increased after more than five years, and other electromagnetic factors also affected symptom frequency.
Seishima M, Oyama Z, Oda M · 2003
This study described the clinical characteristics and results of patch tests in 8 patients with contact dermatitis possibly caused by handling a cellular phone. Patch tests were positive for potassium dichromate at 0.5, 0.1 and 0.05% in all eight patients. Photopatch tests showed the same results. One patient reacted to cobalt chloride and one to nickel sulfate. All patients had erythema and seven had papules on the hemilateral auricle or preauricular region after 9 to 25 days of phone use.
Santini R, Santini P, Le Ruz P, Danze JM, Seigne M · 2003
Researchers conducted a questionnaire survey of 530 people living or not in proximity to cellular phone base stations. They found that nausea, loss of appetite, and visual disturbances were reported up to 10 m, irritability, depressive tendencies, and lowered libido up to 100 m, and headaches, sleep disturbances, and discomfort up to 200 m. Fatigue was the only symptom significantly more frequent in the 200-300 m zone compared with those living farther away or not exposed. Women reported seven of the eighteen symptoms significantly more often than men at distances up to 300 m. Significant differences were also observed by age and by location relative to antennas and other electromagnetic factors.
Navarro EA, Sequra J, Portoles M, Gomez-Perretta de Mateo C · 2003
Researchers conducted a health survey near a cellular phone base station operating at DCS-1800 MHz in Murcia, Spain. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between declared symptom severity and measured power density, and the higher exposure group reported increased severity.
Kimata H. · 2003
The study included two experiments: a video game experiment where participants played Street Fighter II for 2 h, and a mobile phone experiment where participants were exposed to 30 incidences of ringing mobile phones during 30 min. Playing video games significantly increased allergen-induced skin wheal responses and plasma levels of substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and nerve growth factor in atopic eczema patients, and also shifted cytokine production toward a Th2 pattern. Exposure to frequently ringing mobile phones similarly enhanced skin wheal responses and plasma levels of substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and nerve growth factor in atopic eczema patients, but had no effect on normal subjects or allergic rhinitis patients.
Irmak MK, Oztas E, Yagmurca M, Fadillioglu E, Bakir B. · 2003
Researchers investigated the influence of electromagnetic radiation from a 900 MHz cellular telephone on Merkel cells in rats. One group of rats was exposed to a cellular telephone in speech position for 30 minutes while another group was sham-exposed under the same conditions. Exposure led to significantly higher exocytotic activity in Merkel cells compared with the sham exposure group.
Hocking B, Westerman R. · 2003
Hardell L et al. · 2003
The aim of the study was to investigate vestibular schwannoma, tinnitus, and cellular telephones. An increased odds ratio of 3.45 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.77-6.76 was found for vestibular schwannoma associated with analogue cell phone use. The age-standardized incidence of vestibular schwannoma in Sweden increased significantly by 2.53% per year from 1960 to 1998, with the increase only significant in the period 1980-1998.
Wilén J, Sandström M, Hansson Mild K · 2003
Researchers selected 2,402 people from an epidemiological study who used any of the four most common GSM MP. The study combined data on symptom prevalence, calling time per day, and number of calls per day with measurements of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). The results indicated that SAR values above 0.5 W/kg may be an important factor for the prevalence of some symptoms, especially in combination with long calling times per day.
