Browse 3,138 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from the BioInitiative Report database.
Showing 367 studies in Whole Body / General
Alanko T, Hietanen M · 2007
Finnish researchers measured radiofrequency (RF) radiation levels around workers climbing antenna towers that broadcast mobile phone, radio, TV, and amateur radio signals. All measured RF levels were below international occupational safety limits set by ICNIRP. This suggests that tower workers following standard safety protocols may not exceed current exposure guidelines.
Wang KJ, Yao K, Lu DQ. · 2007
Researchers exposed rabbit eye lenses to microwave radiation at 2450 MHz (the same frequency as WiFi and microwave ovens) for 8 hours at various power levels. They found that exposure levels of 1.0 mW/cm² and higher caused the lens proteins to change structure, leading to decreased transparency and cloudiness that could impair vision. The higher the exposure level, the more severe the protein damage and opacity became.
Tillmann T et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed 1,170 mice to cell phone radiation from GSM and DCS wireless signals for 2 hours daily over 2 years to test whether this exposure causes cancer. The study found no increase in cancer rates at any of the three radiation levels tested, including the highest level of 4.0 W/kg. Interestingly, male mice actually showed fewer liver tumors at higher radiation doses, though overall tumor rates remained within normal ranges for laboratory mice.
Sage C, Johansson O, Sage SA · 2007
Researchers measured electromagnetic fields from early smartphone-like devices during normal use. They found these devices produced surprisingly high electromagnetic pulses - up to 90 microTesla when powering on and 60 microTesla during email activities - potentially exposing users throughout day and night.
Ishay JS et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed worker hornets to weak 50 Hz magnetic fields (similar to power line frequency) for two weeks and found dramatic disruptions in their natural building behavior. The exposed hornets built 35-55% fewer cells, created deformed hexagonal structures, and produced more fragile comb stems compared to unexposed hornets. This demonstrates that even very low-level magnetic field exposure can interfere with complex biological processes that insects rely on for survival.
Nam KC, Kim SW, Kim SC, Kim DW · 2006
Researchers exposed 42 volunteers (21 teenagers and 21 adults) to radio frequency radiation from CDMA cell phones for 30 minutes while measuring vital signs like blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing. The study found no changes in these cardiovascular measures, though skin resistance decreased temporarily in teenagers and males during exposure. This suggests that short-term cell phone use doesn't immediately affect basic vital signs, though the skin resistance change indicates the body does respond to the radiation in measurable ways.
Keow MA, Radiman S. · 2006
Malaysian researchers measured radiofrequency radiation levels at 200 locations around 47 cell phone base stations mounted on rooftops. They found that all measured radiation levels were well below the safety limits established by various international agencies and countries. This study was conducted to address growing public concerns about potential health risks from these increasingly common wireless infrastructure installations.
Wood A, Loughran S, Stough C · 2006
Researchers exposed 55 adults to mobile phone radiation for 30 minutes before bedtime to see if it affected melatonin production, the hormone that regulates sleep. While total nighttime melatonin levels remained unchanged, the study found that phone exposure significantly reduced melatonin production in the pre-bedtime period. This suggests that evening phone use may delay the natural onset of melatonin, potentially disrupting your body's preparation for sleep.
de Salles AA, Bulla G, Rodriguez CE. · 2006
Researchers used computer simulations to compare how much radiofrequency radiation children's heads absorb from mobile phones compared to adults. They found that 10-year-old children absorb over 60% more radiation in their heads than adults when using the same phone. This happens because children have smaller heads, thinner skulls, and different tissue properties that allow deeper radiation penetration.
Cooper TG, Mann SM, Khalid M, Blackwell RP. · 2006
UK researchers measured radiation exposure levels near 20 small cell phone towers (microcells and picocells) to see how much radiofrequency radiation the public encounters in these areas. They found exposure levels ranging from 0.002% to 8.6% of international safety guidelines, with smaller cell towers generally producing higher exposures than larger ones. This data helps establish baseline measurements for public exposure to cell tower radiation in urban environments.
Henderson SI, Bangay MJ. · 2006
Australian researchers measured radiofrequency radiation levels around 60 cell phone towers across five cities, testing distances from 50 to 500 meters away. They found that all measured exposure levels were well below government safety limits, with the highest reading reaching only 0.2% of the allowed public exposure threshold. This study provides baseline data on how much RF radiation people actually encounter from cell towers in everyday environments.
Forgacs Z et al. · 2006
Hungarian researchers exposed male mice to cell phone-like radiation (1800 MHz GSM) for 48 hours at very low power levels (0.018-0.023 W/kg). They found that exposed mice had significantly higher testosterone levels in their blood and increased red blood cell counts, though no visible damage to reproductive organs. The study suggests that even brief, low-level microwave exposure can trigger measurable hormonal changes in male reproductive systems.
Faraone et al. · 2006
Scientists tested how much cell phone radiation mice absorbed in a specialized exposure system. The 900 MHz radiation (older cell phone frequency) was precisely delivered at doses up to 3.4 watts per kilogram, concentrating mainly in the head, neck, and abdomen areas.
Seitz H, Stinner D, Eikmann T, Herr C, Röösli M. · 2005
Researchers reviewed 13 quality studies from 2000-2004 examining whether people who report electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) can actually detect mobile phone radiation and whether such exposure causes health symptoms. They found that people claiming EHS could not reliably detect when EMF was present, performing no better than random chance, and studies on general health symptoms from mobile phone exposure showed mixed results with significant methodological problems.
Koyu A, Cesur G, Ozguner F, Akdogan M, Mollaoglu H, Ozen S. · 2005
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used by cell phones) for 30 minutes daily over 4 weeks and measured thyroid hormone levels. They found that EMF exposure significantly decreased levels of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) and T3-T4 thyroid hormones compared to unexposed rats. This suggests that cell phone radiation may disrupt normal thyroid function, which controls metabolism, energy levels, and many other bodily processes.
Hata K et al. · 2005
Japanese researchers exposed 208 rats to cell phone-like radiation at 1439 MHz for 12 hours to see if it affected melatonin production (the hormone that regulates sleep). They found no changes in melatonin or serotonin levels even at radiation levels four times stronger than typical mobile phones. However, the authors noted that longer exposure studies are still needed to fully understand potential effects.
Degrave E, Autier P, Grivegnee AR, Zizi M. · 2005
Belgian researchers tracked 27,671 military radar operators for 40 years to see if radiofrequency exposure from radar equipment increased their risk of death from any cause. They found no increase in mortality rates compared to 16,128 control soldiers who weren't exposed to radar. This large, long-term study suggests that occupational radar exposure at the levels experienced by these military personnel did not significantly impact overall survival.
Wallin MK, Marve T, Hakansson PK. · 2005
Researchers tested whether modern wireless technologies (GPRS, UMTS/3G, and WiFi) interfere with critical medical equipment in hospitals. They found that GPRS signals caused an older infusion pump to stop working at 50 centimeters distance and interfered with 10 device displays, while UMTS and WiFi caused minimal problems. The study suggests these wireless technologies can be used safely in hospitals with proper distance precautions.
van Wyk MJ, Bingle M, Meyer FJ. · 2005
Researchers studied how to accurately calculate SAR (specific absorption rate, a measure of energy absorbed by the body) when people work very close to cell tower antennas. They found that when a person is within 300 millimeters (about 12 inches) of a base station antenna, the human body actually changes how the antenna behaves, requiring more detailed modeling to get accurate safety calculations. This research helps establish proper safety zones for workers who maintain cell towers.
Oktem F, Ozguner F, Mollaoglu H, Koyu A, Uz E · 2005
Researchers exposed rats to 900-MHz cell phone radiation for 30 minutes daily over 10 days and found significant kidney damage through oxidative stress (cellular damage from harmful molecules called free radicals). The study showed increased markers of kidney damage and reduced antioxidant defenses, but when rats were given melatonin before exposure, these harmful effects were largely prevented.
Martinez-Burdalo M, Martin A, Anguiano M, Villar R · 2005
Spanish researchers tested whether current safety guidelines adequately protect people near cell tower antennas at three common frequencies (900, 1800, and 2170 MHz). Using computer models of human bodies placed at various distances from antennas, they found that meeting field strength limits doesn't always guarantee that radiation absorption (SAR) stays within safety limits. This means people could be exposed to higher-than-intended radiation levels even when towers appear to comply with regulations.
Leena K, Tomi L, Arja RR. · 2005
Finnish researchers surveyed 3,485 teenagers to examine whether heavy mobile phone use was linked to risky behaviors like smoking, drinking, and using tobacco products. They found that teens who used phones for at least one hour daily were significantly more likely to engage in these health-damaging behaviors. This suggests that intensive phone use may be part of a broader pattern of risky lifestyle choices among adolescents.
Jones RP, Conway DH. · 2005
British researchers tested how wireless devices affect life-support ventilators by placing mobile phones, radios, and Bluetooth devices near five different ventilator models. They found that high-powered two-way radios could completely shut down one ventilator, while mobile phones triggered false alarms on most models, though Bluetooth devices caused no interference. This matters because ventilators are critical for patient survival, and wireless interference could potentially compromise life-saving equipment in hospitals.
Yariktas M et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used by many cell phones) for two weeks and measured nitric oxide levels in their nasal passages. They found that EMF exposure significantly increased nitric oxide production in the nose and sinus tissues, but giving the rats melatonin prevented this increase. This suggests that cell phone radiation may trigger inflammatory responses in nasal tissues.
Ozguner F et al. · 2005
Turkish researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation and found it caused kidney damage by increasing harmful molecules and reducing protective antioxidants. However, when rats were pre-treated with melatonin or CAPE (a natural compound from propolis), both substances protected against this kidney damage, with melatonin showing stronger protective effects. This suggests that mobile phone radiation can harm kidney tissue through oxidative stress, but natural antioxidants may offer protection.