EMF Research Studies

Space-Borne High-Power Microwave Beam at 22.2 GHz (Water-Vapor Absorption Line) and its Potential for Atmospheric Modifications

M. D. Grossi, G. Colombo · 1977

Microwave and Radiofrequency Radiation, ICP/CEP 803

Michaelson SM · 1977

Precise Calibration of Plane-Wave Microwave Power Density Using Power Equation Techniques

Howard I. Bassen, William A. Herman · 1977

RF dielectric properties measurement system-- Human and animal data, DHEW Publication #77-176

Toler J, Seals J · 1977

ELECTROMAGNETIC LEAKAGE MONITOR "MINI-SURVEYOR" WITH 30 dB DYNAMIC RANGE

Unknown authors · 1977

Results at the development of one near field strength meter at the measurement of the electrical component of the electromagnetic r.f.-field in the GDR

Eggert, S., Goltz, S., Kupfer, J. · 1977

ENERGY DEPOSITION IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUE NEAR PORTABLE RADIO TRANSMITTERS AT VHF AND UHF

O. BALZANO, O. GARAY, R.F. STEEL · 1977

AN OUTLINE OF PROCEDURES AND APPROPRIATE INSTRUMENTATION FOR CONDUCTING RADIO FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC PERSONNEL HAZARD SURVEYS

Maj R. B. Graham, Capt John M. Hemphill · 1977

A MODIFIED RADIOMETER FOR TEMPERATURE AND MICROWAVE PROPERTIES MEASUREMENTS OF BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES

A. MAMOUNI, F. BLIOT, Y. LEROY, Y. MOSCHETTO · 1977

A SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING THE RADIOFREQUENCY ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT OF THE HUMAN BODY IN THE HIGH FREQUENCY BAND

Douglas A. Hill et al. · 1977

Researchers built a rectangular coaxial TEM cell to measure radiofrequency absorption in the human body from 10 to 26 MHz radiation. They made 17 preliminary measurements on three volunteers at 23.25 MHz, finding absorption results reproducible for each subject but differing between subjects. With 400 W incident power producing 1 mW/cm² power density, subjects absorbed 0 to 2 W, with higher absorption in EKH orientation than KEH orientation, and EKH absorption exceeded ellipsoid model predictions.

Effects of 2.6-4.0 GHz Microwave Radiation on E-Coli B

J. C. Corelli, R. J. Gutmann, S. Kohazi, J. Levy · 1977

Trends in Nonionizing Electromagnetic Radiation Bioeffects Research and Related Occupational Health Aspects

C. H. Dodge, Z. R. Glaser · 1977

The authors selectively reviewed international literature from circa 1970 to 1977 on biological and clinical phenomena associated with microwave or radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure. The review concluded that mechanisms of EM field bioeffects were becoming better understood as investigative technology and methodology improved. Recent Western evidence supported Soviet and European claims that EM fields can affect nervous system function and morphology in small mammals, birds, and invertebrates at power levels below those defined as thermogenic in the West. Clinical studies in the West did not corroborate Soviet and East European clinical surveys reporting reversible psychophysiological dysfunctions from chronic low-level exposure.

Phytotoxicity threshold levels of microwave radiation for Trifolium and Medicago seeds

A. E. Crawford · 1977

The study used four cultivars of small seeded legumes. Seeds were irradiated in a domestic microwave oven at 2450 mHz with a power setting of 690 W for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45 seconds. White clover 'Kersey', 'Kent', and red clover 'Hungaropoly' showed increased germination and reduced hard seeds at 5–15 seconds, while lucerne 'Eynsford' had only a slight germination increase, and all species experienced a sharp germination decline at 20 seconds with near-complete mortality beyond 30 seconds.

RF Cell Culture Irradiation System with Controlled Temperature and Field Strength

Arthur W. Guy · 1977

The system was designed for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to determine human RF exposure thresholds in the frequency range D.C. to 100 MHz. The final design uses concentric stainless steel rings with a teflon bottom that forms a liquid-tight seal compressed by brass retainer clamps.

THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS WITH BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

Leonard S. Taylor, Augustine Y. Cheung · 1977

The paper reviews representative studies on microwave and radiofrequency biological effects and proposed interaction mechanisms. The review considers neuroendocrine alterations, hematopoietic effects, and effects on neural systems. Studies report alterations in CNS bioelectrical activity, behavior, and excitable cell systems at microwave intensities of 10 mi/om² or less.

Carcinogenic Properties of Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation - Volume I - Optical Radiation

Silba Cunningham-Dunlop, Bruce H. Kleinstein · 1977

REVIEW OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ASPECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE EXPOSURE

A. Bruner · 1977

The report describes the typical occupational exposure to EMP at simulator facilities and summarizes medical surveillance observations. Data from informal observations and comprehensive annual physical examinations of approximately 600 workers exposed to various EMPs over a number of years disclosed no adverse health effects attributable to EMP exposure. A rodent study with continuous exposure to 447,000 V/m at 5 pulses per second for 38 weeks found no injurious effects. Bell Laboratories reported no noticeable effects in over ten persons exposed to pulses up to 100 kV/m. The Navy and other companies also reported no EMP health effects to OSHA in 1974.

AN OPTICAL NON-PERTURBING PROBE FOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS EXPOSED TO MICROWAVE RADIATION

P. E. Schoen, J. M. Schnur, J. P. Sheridan · 1977

Researchers placed a ruby fragment smaller than 50 µm in a thin-walled capillary with a biological sample and equilibrated it in a thermostatted chamber controlled to ±0.15°C. They measured the ruby R1 fluorescence frequency shift relative to an argon reference line across temperatures. The frequency shift showed a linear relationship with temperature with a slope of 0.141 cm-1/°C. The method achieved a temperature measurement precision of 0.21°C. Tests in 2.4 GHz microwave fields showed no perturbation of the fields or the calibration curve.

Radiofrequency in the operating-theatre (lett)

Fox JW, Knadle RT Jr., Brook RH · 1976

Microwave heating of the uterine wall during parturition

Daels, J · 1976

Microwave therapy and muscle blood flow in man

D. R. McNiven, D. J. Wyper · 1976

Microwave therapy produced a highly significant increase in muscle blood flow in all subjects, raising the mean from 2.9 ml/100g/min at rest to 11.4 ml/100g/min at the end of application. Short wave diathermy, infra red irradiation, pulsed electromagnetic therapy, ice and massage produced no significant effect on muscle blood flow. No significant correlation was found between athletic fitness and blood flow or between resting blood flow and the time delay before the increase, which varied from 5 to 12 minutes.

Microwave leakage indication

Kashyap SC, Wong JY, Dunn JG · 1976

The first system uses a liquid crystal film backed by microwave absorbing material that changes color from black to blue when exposed to microwaves. The color change occurs at a power density determined by the film's operating temperature and the absorbing material's properties. Normal room temperature changes have negligible effect on the strip, and hot vapor effects can be minimized with thermal insulation backing. The second system uses RF detector diodes distributed on a transmission line connected to a voltmeter, indicating the maximum RF field along the slot. With diodes spaced at 2λ intervals on a 1.0-inch wide, 12-inch long slot line, the device indicates when leakage exceeds a permissible level.

RF field intensity measurements in selected broadcast facilities, Serial No. 3

Wang JCH, Linthicum JM · 1976

Journal of Membrane Science

H.K. Lonsdale · 1976

The parameter called transference is defined as the mass of solute transferred from a saturated solution under perfect sink conditions across the membrane per unit time and area multiplied by the membrane thickness. Permeability coefficients differ for each donor solvent while transference is independent of solvent unless solvent-membrane interaction occurs.

AN ANALYSIS AND CRITIQUE OF BEHAVIORAL TOXICOLOGY IN THE USSR

George J. Ekel, Warren H. Teichner · 1976