Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.
Showing 1,087 studies from Glaser RF/Microwave Archive with extracted diagrams
Joseph P. Engel et al. · 1950
This 1950 study by Joseph Engel examined how microwave radiation affects bone, bone marrow, and surrounding tissues in laboratory animals. The research focused on microwave diathermy effects and tissue temperature changes. This represents some of the earliest scientific investigation into how microwave energy interacts with skeletal and blood-forming tissues.
Alma J. Murphy, W. D. Paul, H. M. Hines · 1950
This 1950 study measured how different microwave and infrared wavelengths heated living and dead animal tissue at various depths. Researchers tested wavelengths from 3 cm to 1,600 cm to compare their heating patterns and temperature gradients in tissue. The study provided early evidence that microwaves penetrate and heat biological tissue differently than other forms of electromagnetic energy.
H. J. MULLER · 1950
This 1950 research by Nobel laureate H.J. Muller examined how radiation damages genetic material, including chromosomes and hereditary information. The study established foundational understanding of radiation-induced mutations that would later inform research into electromagnetic field effects on DNA. This work helped establish the scientific framework for understanding how various forms of radiation interact with cellular genetic systems.
Leonard Essman, Charles S. Wise · 1950
This 1950 study exposed the lower back area of white rats to microwave radiation to investigate whether deep muscle tissue could be damaged without visible injury to the overlying skin. Researchers compared microwave thermal effects to infrared radiation effects, focusing specifically on muscle changes rather than bone damage.
Jerome W. Gersten, Khalil G. Wakim, Frank H. Krusen · 1950
This 1950 study examined how microwaves heat human tissue and found that skin reflects most of the energy, making heating inefficient. Researchers proposed using impedance matching devices on the skin to improve energy transfer and enable targeted heating of specific tissue areas.
Harold G. Scheie, Bourne Jerome · 1949
This 1949 research by Dr. Harold Scheie examined electrocoagulation techniques applied to the sclera (the white outer layer of the eye) in laboratory animals. The study investigated how electrical coagulation affects eye structure and function, with particular focus on conditions like retinal detachment and glaucoma. This early work helped establish foundational knowledge about electrical effects on ocular tissues.
W. H. Oldendorf · 1949
This 1949 study by researcher Oldendorf investigated how microwave radiation could create focused brain lesions in rabbits' cerebral cortex. The research demonstrated that microwave energy could produce specific, localized damage to brain tissue. This represents some of the earliest scientific documentation that microwave radiation can cause measurable neurological damage in living tissue.
George Birnbaum · 1949
This 1949 study developed a cavity perturbation method to measure how electromagnetic fields interact with different materials by analyzing their dielectric properties. The research established fundamental techniques for understanding how microwaves penetrate and affect both solid and liquid substances. This foundational work helped create the scientific framework we use today to measure EMF absorption in biological tissues.
W. W. Salisbury, John W. Clark, H. M. Hines · 1949
This 1949 study by Salisbury exposed animals to high-intensity 12-centimeter microwave radiation and discovered that dangerous heat buildup occurred beneath the skin surface without triggering normal warning signals like fever or pain. The research revealed that microwave radiation could cause internal tissue heating that the body's natural protection mechanisms couldn't detect.
CHARLES S. WISE, BENJAMIN CASTLEMAN, ARTHUR L. WATKINS · 1949
This 1949 study exposed growing rats to medical diathermy treatments (shortwave and microwave radiation) near their knee joints to see if these electromagnetic fields affected bone growth. The researchers found that single exposures to both 8-meter shortwave and 11-centimeter microwave frequencies caused observable changes in bone development. This early research demonstrated that electromagnetic radiation could interfere with normal growth processes in developing tissue.
Barbara L. Feucht, A. W. Richardson, H. M. Hines · 1949
This 1949 study examined whether metal implants in tissues create dangerous heating hotspots when exposed to microwave radiation used in medical diathermy treatments. Researchers found conflicting evidence, with some showing metals can concentrate electromagnetic fields and cause tissue damage, while animal studies suggested implants deep in tissue may not reach dangerous temperatures.
Herman J. Flax, Ruth N. Miller, Steven M. Horvath · 1949
This 1949 study examined how local shortwave diathermy (a medical heating device using radio frequencies) affected tissue temperature and peripheral blood flow in 10 normal men aged 22 to 35. Twenty minutes of treatment raised thigh surface temperature by a mean of 3.1 degrees. Four types of blood flow response were observed: no vasodilation in the distal area (3 subjects), gradual vasoconstriction (3), marked vasodilation (2), and no change during application with an increase occurring later (2). The authors noted that earlier reports of diathermy's effect on blood flow disagreed.
Gersten JW, Wakim KG, Herrick JF, Krusen FH · 1949
This 1949 study examined how microwave radiation affects blood circulation and tissue temperature in humans, marking early research into microwave therapeutic applications. The researchers explored microwaves in the 300 to 300,000 megacycle frequency range using newly developed magnetron technology originally created for military radar systems. This represents some of the first documented human exposure to controlled microwave radiation for medical purposes.
Lawrence L. Siems, A. J. Kosman, Stafford L. Osborne · 1948
This 1948 study compared how microwave versus shortwave diathermy (medical heating devices) affected blood flow in dog arteries. Researchers found that both forms of heating increased femoral artery blood flow equally in normal dogs, while dogs with peripheral nerve section did not show significant increases.
A. J. KOSMAN, S. L. OSBORNE, A. C. IVY · 1948
This 1948 research studied how different electrical current types and frequencies affect muscle function in dogs, specifically examining whether electrical stimulation could prevent muscle wasting after nerve damage. The study focused on understanding which electrical parameters work best for maintaining muscle health when natural nerve signals are disrupted.
Ralph E. Worden et al. · 1948
This 1948 study examined how microwave radiation heats living tissue under normal blood flow conditions versus when blood circulation is blocked (ischemia). Researchers found that microwaves produce significant tissue heating and investigated optimal exposure durations for therapeutic applications.
Charles S. Wise · 1948
This 1948 study measured blood flow changes in human forearms during radiofrequency diathermy treatment using plethysmographic recordings. The research challenged earlier findings that suggested RF heating decreased blood flow, instead confirming that tissue heating increases circulation as expected from basic physiology.
A. W. RICHARDSON, T. D. DUANE, H. M. HINES · 1948
This 1948 study explored whether microwave radiation could cause cataracts in eyes, using a new 12.25 cm wavelength microwave generator. The research built on earlier work showing that various forms of radiation could damage the lens of the eye. This was among the first investigations into microwave radiation's potential to cause eye damage.
E. van Someren, E. C. Rollason · 1948
This 1948 study measured radiation emissions from welding arcs and found they produce the same intensity of radiation at the welder's eye as direct sunlight. Researchers used specialized equipment including vacuum thermopiles and absorption cells made from bull's eye tissue to quantify the radiation exposure. The findings highlighted a significant occupational health concern for welders who face intense electromagnetic radiation during their work.
Rajewsky, V., Schwan, H. · 1948
This 1948 research by Bajevsky measured how human blood responds to ultra-high frequency electromagnetic radiation by studying its dielectric properties and electrical conductivity. The study examined how blood tissue interacts with radiofrequency fields, providing early data on how biological materials behave when exposed to EMF. This foundational work helped establish baseline measurements for understanding how electromagnetic energy interacts with human tissue.
KHALIL G. WAKIM et al. · 1948
This 1948 study examined how short wave diathermy (a medical heating treatment using radio frequency radiation) affects blood circulation in both dogs and humans. Researchers used plethysmographic measurements to determine whether this therapeutic RF exposure increases or decreases blood flow in the extremities.
OSBORNE, SL, FREDERICK, MS · 1948
This 1948 study investigated how 12-centimeter wavelength microwave radiation heats human and animal tissues, likely for medical diathermy applications. The research examined tissue heating effects from high-frequency electromagnetic fields, providing early scientific documentation of how microwave energy interacts with biological tissues. This work represents foundational research into microwave heating mechanisms that would later inform both medical applications and safety standards.
C. J. Imig, J. D. Thomson, H. M. Hines · 1948
This 1948 study by CJ Imig examined how microwave radiation affects testicular tissue in laboratory rodents, documenting degenerative changes in reproductive organs. The research represents one of the earliest investigations into microwave radiation's biological effects on male fertility. This foundational work established that electromagnetic fields could cause measurable tissue damage in reproductive systems.
Steven M. Horvath, Ruth V. Miller, Bruce K. Hutt · 1948
This 1948 study by Horvath examined how microwave radiation heats human tissue, exploring temperature gradients and thermal effects. The research investigated microwave radiation's potential for therapeutic heating applications, particularly in diathermy treatments. This represents some of the earliest scientific documentation of how microwaves interact with human tissue.
Donald L. Rose, Sedgwick Mead · 1948
This 1948 study examined how electrical currents used in medical therapy affect human sensation and pain levels. Researchers measured the tactile sensations and pain responses when electric current passed through the body, aiming to find ways to maximize therapeutic muscle contractions while minimizing patient discomfort.