Redmayne M, Smith E, Abramson MJ. · 2011
Researchers explored school cellphone rules and adolescent exposure to cellphone microwave emissions during school using a census and survey. All schools banned private use of cellphones in class, but 43% of student participants admitted breaking this rule. A high-exposure group of risk-takers was identified for whom prohibited in-school use was positively associated with high texting rates, carrying the phone switched-on >10h/day, and in-pocket use. The authors reviewed reproductive bio-effect papers and concluded there is sufficient evidence and expert opinion to warrant an enforced school policy removing cellphones from students during the day.
Peyman A et al. · 2011
Researchers measured radiofrequency power densities and total emitted powers from Wi-Fi devices used in UK schools. A 20 MHz bandwidth signal analyzer captured the whole Wi-Fi signal, unlike previous studies. Laptop radiation patterns showed a minimum toward the user's torso and two maxima symmetrically opposed across a vertical plane bisecting the screen and keyboard. Spherically-integrated radiated power for laptops ranged from 5 to 17 mW at 2.45 GHz and from 1 to 16 mW at 5 GHz, while hemispherically-integrated power for access points ranged from 3 to 28 mW at 2.4 GHz and from 3 to 29 mW at 5 GHz, and power densities at 0.5 m and greater were all much lower than the ICNIRP reference level.
Mahfouz Z, Gati A, Lautru D, Wong MF, Wiart J, Hanna VF. · 2011
Researchers measured temporal variations and traffic distributions of broadcast signals and GSM or UMTS mobile telephone signals at indoor sites in urban and rural zones over a day. Broadcast signals remained constant over the day and were best fitted with a Normal distribution, while mobile telephone signals depended on traffic demand and fit a three-Gaussian distribution model. The study compared real exposure to maximum theoretical values and constructed a general mask for maximum equivalent active traffic. Extrapolation factors were provided for each system to estimate maximum values from instantaneous measurements and for broadband measurements to estimate maximum potential exposure during the day.
Lindholm H et al. · 2011
Each exposure and sham period lasted 15 minutes and took place in a climatic chamber under controlled thermoneutral conditions. They measured ear canal temperature, skin temperature at multiple sites, local cerebral blood flow via near-infrared spectroscopy, and autonomic nervous system function via ECG and continuous blood pressure. During the short-term RF exposure, local cerebral blood flow did not change, ear canal temperature did not increase significantly, and autonomic nervous system function was not interfered with.
Kwon MK, Nam KC, Lee da S, Jang KH, Kim DW. · 2011
Researchers conducted a double-blind provocation study with 10 self-reported electromagnetic hypersensitivity and 10 non-hypersensitivity volunteers. Participants were exposed to WCDMA RF fields at 1950 MHz with 24 dBm output and a specific absorption rate of 1.57 W/kg for 30 minutes. The 30-minute exposure did not produce any physiological changes in either group.
Kayabasoglu G et al. · 2011
Forty Wistar Albino rats, twenty newborn and twenty adult, were divided into exposed and control groups of ten each. The rats were exposed to the electromagnetic field for 6 hours per day for 30 consecutive days. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured before and after the 30 day exposure period and a signal-to-noise ratio was calculated for statistical analysis. No significant difference in distortion product otoacoustic emissions was found before and after exposure in either newborn or adult rats (p>0.05).
Heinrich S, Thomas S, Heumann C, von Kries R, Radon K. · 2011
Researchers investigated the association between RF EMF exposure and chronic well-being in 3022 children and adolescents using personal dosimetry. Measured exposure levels were far below ICNIRP reference levels. The most reported chronic symptom was fatigue. No statistically significant association between measured exposure and chronic symptoms was observed. Results do not indicate an association between measured RF EMF exposure and chronic well-being.
Frei P et al. · 2011
Researchers investigated the risk of central nervous system tumours among Danish mobile phone subscribers. The cohort included 58 403 subscription holders with 3.8 million person years of follow-up from 1990-2007, during which 10 729 tumour cases occurred. The overall risk was close to unity for both men and women. For those with 13 or more years of subscription, incidence rate ratios were 1.03 in men and 0.91 in women. No dose-response relation was found by years of use or tumour location near the handset.
Bourthoumieu S et al. · 2011
Researchers investigated the potential induction of genomic instability by GSM-900 MHz radiofrequency radiation in human amniotic cells exposed for 24 h to average-specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.25, 1, 2 and 4 W/kg. The rate of aneuploidy of chromosomes 11 and 17 was determined by interphase FISH immediately after independent exposure of three different donors for 24 h. No significant change in the rate of aneuploidy of chromosomes 11 and 17 was found at average SAR up to 4 W/kg.
Aydin D et al. · 2011
The CEFALO study included children and adolescents aged 7–19 years diagnosed with brain tumors between 2004 and 2008 in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Switzerland. Researchers interviewed 352 case patients and 646 control subjects matched by age, sex, and geographical region. Regular mobile phone users did not have a statistically significant increase in brain tumor risk compared with nonusers. No increased risk was found for brain areas receiving the highest exposure, and no exposure–response relationship was observed.
Masuda H et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed rat brain membrane fractions and human 5-HT1B receptors in C6-glial cells to 50-Hz magnetic field at 1 mT. No significant difference was found in the affinity constant of serotonin for the 5-HT1B receptor between exposed and sham-exposed rat membranes. The same lack of affinity change was confirmed using a chemical agonist and in human 5-HT1B receptors in C6-glial cells. Forskolin-stimulated cAMP production inhibited by serotonin was also not modified by exposure in C6-glial cells.
Sauter C et al. · 2011
Researchers tested 30 healthy young men exposed to GSM 900, WCDMA, and sham signals over nine study days. After correction for multiple testing, only time-of-day effects remained significant in two tests, resulting in faster reactions in the afternoon trials. Univariate comparisons revealed significant changes for GSM 900 only in the vigilance test. WCDMA exposure altered one parameter in vigilance and one in divided attention, while selective attention and the n-back task were not affected by either exposure.
Sakurai T et al. · 2011
The study used DNA microarray to examine gene expression in SVGp12 human glial cells after exposure to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave RF fields at SARs of 1, 5, and 10 W/kg for 1, 4, and 24 hours. Microarray analysis identified 23 assigned and 5 non-assigned gene spots as potentially altered. Follow-up RT-PCR analysis of Twenty-two genes showed no significant alterations in gene expression. The authors concluded that under their experimental conditions they found no evidence that RF field exposure affected gene expression in SVGp12 cells.
Divan HA, Kheifets L, Olsen J · 2011
Researchers used data from the Danish National Birth Cohort to examine prenatal cell phone use and developmental milestone delays in offspring up to 18 months of age. At 6 months the adjusted odds ratio for cognitive/language delay was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-1.0) and for motor delay was 0.9 (95% CI 0.8-1.1). At 18 months the adjusted odds ratio for cognitive/language delay was 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.3) and for motor delay was 0.9 (95% CI 0.8-1.0). The researchers observed no evidence of an association and dose-response associations were also null.
Yakymenko I, Sidorik E, Kyrylenko S, Chekhun V. · 2011
Thomée S, Härenstam A, Hagberg M. · 2011
The study included 4156 young adults aged 20-24 who completed questionnaires at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Mobile phone exposure variables included frequency of use and qualitative aspects such as demands on availability, perceived stressfulness of accessibility, being awakened at night, and personal overuse. Cross-sectionally, high mobile phone use was linked to stress, sleep disturbances, and depression symptoms in both sexes; prospectively, high use predicted sleep disturbances and depression symptoms in men and depression symptoms in women, while overuse predicted stress and sleep disturbances in women and high accessibility stress predicted stress, sleep disturbances, and depression symptoms in both sexes.
Mortazavi SM et al. · 2011
Participants were exposed to microwave radiation from a mobile phone for 10 minutes in a real or sham condition and asked if they could sense the exposure. Heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure were monitored during exposure, and no statistically significant differences were found between real and sham conditions. The authors concluded that the findings confirm other provocative studies and suggest a possible role of psychological factors in electromagnetic hypersensitivity.
Levis AG et al. · 2011
Kumar NR, Sangwan S, Badotra P. · 2011
The study examined the effect of cell phone radiation on biomolecules in adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L). Exposed bees initially showed reduced motor activity and increased concentrations of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, then migrated en masse toward the phone. At later exposure stages, biomolecule concentrations declined slightly, and the researchers concluded that cell phone radiation influences honey bee behavior and physiology.
Kos B, Valič B, Kotnik T, Gajšek P. · 2011
Researchers investigated occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in front of a multi-band base station antenna at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz. The highest frequency of 2100 MHz resulted in the highest spatial-peak SAR averaged over 10 g of tissue, while whole-body SAR was similar at all three frequencies. At distances greater than 200 mm, whole-body SAR was the more limiting factor for compliance, while at shorter distances spatial-peak SAR may be more limiting.
Keshvari J, Heikkilä T. · 2011
Researchers investigated SAR differences in child and adult head models using CAD models of commercial mobile phones as exposure sources. The main finding was that SAR distribution depends highly on antenna structure and phone model, making the exposure source type the key parameter. No systematic differences between child and adult heads were found from a volume-averaged SAR perspective. SAR values from generic source models could not be extrapolated to real device exposures.
Hareuveny R, Eliyahu I, Luria R, Meiran N, Margaliot M. · 2011
Researchers tested 29 right-handed men with phones on both sides of the head during a spatial working memory task. External antennas were used to prevent RF radiation from the phones' internal antennas. Despite drastically reduced RF exposure, results were similar to earlier studies where phones emitted RF radiation. The authors conclude that some effects previously linked to RF radiation may come from other factors.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2011
Researchers pooled two case-control studies of living patients and one case-control study of deceased patients with malignant brain tumours diagnosed from 1997 to 2003. They interviewed cases, controls, and relatives of deceased subjects using a structured questionnaire. Replies were obtained for 1,251 cases and 2,438 controls. The risk of glioma increased with latency period and cumulative hours of mobile and cordless phone use. For astrocytoma, the most common glioma, the odds ratio was 2.7 for mobile phone use with more than ten years latency and 4.9 for first mobile phone use before age 20.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K, Eriksson M. · 2011
Hansson B, Thors B, Törnevik C. · 2011
Researchers analyzed how antenna element loading affects localized specific absorption rate for base station antennas. They found that lossy material within one wavelength of antennas affects SAR accuracy due to coupling and power redistribution. The existing standardized phantom was found not optimal for SAR measurements of large base station antennas. A new methodology using a larger box-shaped whole-body phantom was proposed.
