Regel SJ et al. · 2006
Researchers performed a controlled exposure experiment with 45-minute sessions at 0, 1, or 10 V/m in a randomized, double-blind crossover design with 117 healthy subjects including 33 self-reported sensitive and 84 nonsensitive subjects. In both groups, well-being and perceived field strength were not associated with actual exposure levels, and no consistent condition-induced changes in cognitive performance were observed except for two marginal effects. At 10 V/m a slight effect on speed in one of six tasks in sensitive subjects and an effect on accuracy in another task in nonsensitive subjects were observed, but both effects disappeared after multiple endpoint adjustment.
Qutob SS et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed U87MG glioblastoma cells to a 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF field for 4 hours at SARs of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 W/kg to assess global gene expression. No evidence was found that non-thermal RF fields affect gene expression in these cells compared to nonirradiated controls. Heat shock at 43°C for 1 hour up-regulated typical stress-responsive genes in the positive control group.
Natarajan M et al. · 2006
Human Mono Mac 6 cells were exposed intermittently to pulsed EMF for 90 minutes with a pulse width of 0.79 ns and a repetition rate of 250 pps at 1 kV/cm. Cells exposed to the EMF showed a 3.5-fold increase in NFKB DNA-binding activity at 24 hours postexposure. No difference was found in NFKB-dependent gene expression profiles at 8 or 24 hours postexposure. Pulsed EMF exposure did not induce NFKB-driven luciferase activity, indicating the activation was functionally inactive.
Nam KC, Kim SW, Kim SC, Kim DW · 2006
Nagaoka T et al. · 2006
Researchers had previously developed a whole-body numerical female model of an adult Japanese non-pregnant average figure. A new fetus model including inherent tissues of pregnant women was constructed based on abdominal MRI data of a 7-month pregnant woman. A whole-body pregnant woman model was developed by combining the new fetus and the female models. The anatomical details of the developed pregnant woman model and basic SAR characteristics for whole-body exposure to RF electromagnetic fields are demonstrated.
Muscat JE, Hinsvark M, Malkin M · 2006
Researchers analyzed time trends in age-adjusted incidence rates of adult neuronal cancers using SEER data from 1973 to 2002. The rates did not change during this period despite an exponential increase in mobile phone subscriptions starting in 1984. The results indicate that mobile phone use is unrelated to the risk of neuronal cancers.
Mora R, Crippa B, Mora F, Dellepiane M · 2006
The study measured transient evoked otoacoustic emission and auditory brainstem response in 20 healthy men before and after cell phone exposure. Exposure sessions lasted 15 to 30 minutes at 900 to 1,800 MHz. No significant changes in either measurement were observed throughout the study.
Mjøen G et al. · 2006
Merola P et al. · 2006
The study examined whether a modulated 900 MHz radiofrequency field at a specific absorption rate higher than the ICNIRP occupational reference level could alter cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a neuroblastoma cell line. Cells were exposed for 24, 48, and 72 hours and tested using WST-I assay, molecular markers, caspase activation, and PARP cleavage detection. Combined exposures with retinoic acid and camptothecin were also tested to check for interference between the field and chemical agents. Overall, the data suggest that 900 MHz radiofrequency exposure up to 72 hours does not induce significant alterations in the three principal cell activities.
Maby E, Jeannes Rle B, Faucon G · 2006
Researchers studied auditory evoked potentials in nine healthy subjects and six epileptic patients to determine localized effects of GSM microwaves. They used a support vector machine-based parameter selection method to estimate parameters most altered by radiofrequencies and computed the topography of modifications. Epileptic patients showed a lengthening of the N100 component in the frontal area contralateral to the radiation, while healthy subjects showed an amplitude increase of the P200 wave in the frontal area. The study suggests that radiofrequency fields emitted by mobile phones modify the AEP but found no direct link to RF-induced brain function damage.
Lonn S et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in Denmark and certain parts of Sweden, enrolling 60 malignant parotid gland tumor cases, 112 benign pleomorphic adenoma cases, and 681 controls. For regular mobile phone use, the risk estimates were 0.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.4, 1.3) for malignant tumors and 0.9 (95% confidence interval: 0.5, 1.5) for benign tumors. Similar results were observed for more than 10 years of use, and the authors concluded that the data do not support an increased risk of parotid gland tumors from mobile phone use.
Lantow M, Viergutz T, Weiss DG, Simko M. · 2006
Researchers used human Mono Mac 6 cells and exposed them to a 1,800 MHz GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg SAR for 12 hours. They measured cell cycle kinetics, BrdU uptake, apoptosis, and necrosis using flow cytometry. No statistically significant differences were found in apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle kinetics, or BrdU uptake between RF EMF-exposed cells and sham or incubator controls. Positive controls treated with gliotoxin and PMA showed significant increases in apoptosis and necrosis, and PMA caused a significant accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase with a reduction in S-phase cells.
Lahkola A, Tokola K, Auvinen A. · 2006
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 12 studies with 2780 cases to assess mobile phone use and intracranial tumor risk. The pooled odds ratio for all intracranial tumors was 0.98 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.83 to 1.16. For gliomas the pooled odds ratio was 0.96, for meningiomas 0.87, and for acoustic neuromas 1.07. Little indication was found for increased risks from analogue or digital phone use or for temporal or occipital tumors. The evidence does not indicate a substantially increased risk of intracranial tumors from mobile phone use for at least 5 years.
Keow MA, Radiman S. · 2006
Researchers measured RF/MW levels emitted by the base stations. Measurements were performed at 200 sites around 47 mobile phone base stations. The RF/MW radiation from these base stations was well below the maximum exposure limits set by various agencies.
Joubert V et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to GSM-900 at 0.25 W/kg average SAR or continuous-wave 900 MHz at 2 W/kg SAR for 24 hours. No statistically significant difference in apoptosis rate was found between sham-exposed and microwave-exposed cells at either 0 or 24 hours post-exposure. Apoptosis rates were also comparable between sham, continuous-wave, 37°C, and 39°C exposed cells. Three assessment methods including DAPI staining, TUNEL/PI flow cytometry, and caspase-3 fluorimetry gave concordant results.
Hirose H et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a large-scale in vitro study to test whether modulated RF fields from mobile radio base stations induce apoptosis or stress responses activating p53. Human glioblastoma A172 cells were exposed to W-CDMA radiation at SARs of 80, 250, and 800 mW/kg and CW radiation at 80 mW/kg for 24 or 48 hours, while human IMR-90 fibroblasts were exposed to both modulations at 80 mW/kg for 28 hours. No significant differences in apoptosis, phosphorylated p53 at serine 15, total p53, or downstream gene expression were found between exposed and sham-exposed cells.
Hepworth SJ et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a case-control study with 966 glioma cases and 1716 controls to investigate the risk of glioma in relation to mobile phone use. The overall odds ratio for regular phone use was 0.94 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.78 to 1.13, indicating no increased risk. However, ipsilateral phone use was associated with a significant excess risk (odds ratio 1.24, 1.02 to 1.52) while contralateral use showed a significant reduction in risk (odds ratio 0.75, 0.61 to 0.93).
Hamblin DL, Croft RJ, Wood AW, Stough C, Spong J. · 2006
Researchers tested 120 participants in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design with two sessions one week apart. In both sessions, participants performed auditory and visual oddball tasks while EEG was recorded with a mobile phone set to sham exposure mounted over the temporal region, and then performed the same tasks while the handset was set to active or sham. No significant differences were found between exposure conditions for any ERP component or reaction time.
Chauhan V et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed HL-60 and MM6 cells to intermittent 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF fields at SARs of 1 and 10 W/kg for 6 hours. No significant changes in gene expression were found between sham-exposed and RF-exposed groups in either cell line. Positive heat-shock controls showed significant increases in HSP27, HSP70, c-fos, and c-jun at both time points.
Chauhan V et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed human lymphoblastoma TK6 cells to 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF fields at SARs of 1 and 10 W/kg. They assessed expression of proto-oncogenes FOS, JUN, and MYC using real-time RT-PCR. They also monitored transcript levels of the heat-shock proteins HSP27 and inducible HSP70. Transcript levels in RF-exposed cells showed no significant difference compared to sham-exposed cells. Positive heat-shock controls showed significant elevation of HSP27, HSP70, FOS, and JUN, and a decline in MYC mRNA.
Stronati L et al. · 2006
The study used alkaline comet assay, metaphase analysis, micronucleus test, and nuclear division index to assess DNA strand breaks, chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, micronuclei, and cell cycling speed. It comprehensively examined whether 24-hour continuous exposure to a 935 MHz GSM signal at 1 or 2 W/kg is genotoxic per se or can influence x-ray genotoxicity. Within the experimental parameters, no effect from the RFR signal was observed in any instance. The SAR values chosen were near the upper limit of energy absorption in localized tissue during cellular telephone use.
Sakuma N et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a large-scale in vitro study to test whether modulated RF fields from mobile radio base stations act as a DNA damaging agent. Human glioblastoma A172 cells and normal human IMR-90 fibroblasts were exposed to 2.1425 GHz CW and W-CDMA radiation. A172 cells were exposed to W-CDMA at SARs of 80, 250, and 800 mW/kg and CW at 80 mW/kg for 2 and 24 hours, while IMR-90 cells were exposed to both modulations at 80 mW/kg for the same periods. No significant differences in DNA strand breaks were observed between exposed groups and sham controls using alkaline comet assays. The authors concluded that low-level exposures do not act as a genotoxicant up to a SAR of 800 mW/kg.
Simkó M et al. · 2006
The study investigated Hsp70 expression and free radical release in human Mono Mac 6 cells exposed to ultrafine particles and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Ultrafine particle exposure increased free radical release by 40-45% above negative control, an effect stronger than heat treatment. Radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure alone did not change free radical levels. Combined exposure to RF and ultrafine particles did not enhance the particle effect on free radicals. Heat treatment increased Hsp70 expression in a time-dependent manner, while ultrafine particles, RF fields, or their combination had no effect on Hsp70.
Lantow M, Lupke M, Frahm J, Mattsson MO, Kuster N, Simko M. · 2006
The study investigated whether 1,800 MHz RF-EMF can induce ROS release or Hsp70 expression changes in human blood cells using various exposure conditions. PMA treatment significantly increased ROS production in both monocytes and lymphocytes compared to sham or incubator controls. GSM-DTX exposure at 2 W/kg produced a significant difference in monocyte ROS compared to sham, but this was attributed to lower ROS values in the sham condition, while lymphocytes showed no ROS changes. Hsp70 expression in monocytes did not differ after GSM-DTX exposure at 2 W/kg for 1 hour compared to incubator or sham controls at any post-exposure time point.
Lantow M, Schuderer J, Hartwig C, Simko M. · 2006
Heat and PMA treatment significantly increased superoxide radical anions and ROS production in Mono Mac 6 cells. No significant differences in free radical production were detected after RF EMF exposure compared to controls. The GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg showed a significant difference versus sham due to a decreasing sham value, but this difference disappeared when compared to incubator controls. No significant effects on HSP70 expression were detected after RF EMF exposures.
